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Personal Pronoun
Pronouns are small words that take the place of a noun. We can use a pronoun instead of a noun.
Pronouns are words like: he, you, ours, themselves, some, each... If we didn't have pronouns,
we would have to repeat a lot of nouns. We would have to say things like:
Do you like the president? I don't like the president. The president is too pompous.
With pronouns, we can say:
Do you like the president? I don't like him. He is too pompous.
Personal Pronouns
This summary of personal pronouns includes possessive adjectives for convenience and
comparison.number person gender* pronouns possessive.
Pronouns as subject: I, You, We, They, He, she, It.
Pronouns as object: me, you, us, them, him, her, it.
Pronouns as possessive: mine, yours, ours, theirs, his, hers, its.
Pronouns as reflexive: myself, yourself, ourselves, theirselves, himself, herself, itself.
Possessive adjective: my, your, our, their, his, her, its.
Examples:
She give me a homework.
The teacher gives me homework.
This is my homework.
Apologizing (I am sorry)
An apology is a justification or defense of an act or idea, from the Greek apologia ().
An apology can also be an expression of contrition and remorse for something done wrong.
Some expressions of apology:
I'm sorry.
I'm so sorry.
I (d0) apologize.
The responds:
All right.
It's OK.
No problem.
It doesn't matter.
Expressing regret
What a shame!
That's a shame.
Oh, no!
What?!
How awful!
How terrible!
How hoorible!
Listening
Tom: Do you have chocolate ice cream?
Waiter: I'm sorry. i don't have it.
Tom: What about strawberry?
Waiter: I'm sorry. I don't have it, either.
Chan: Today we don't have the King anymore.
Lee: What do you mean?
Chan: Tha King of Pop has died yesterday.
Lee: Do you mean the Jacko?
Chan: Yes.
Lee: are you kidding?
Chan: Didn't you read and listen the news?
Lee: Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.
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experience of the emotion of gratitude (state gratitude), individual differences in how frequently
people feel gratitude (trait gratitude), and the relationship between these two aspects. (source:
www.wikipedia.com)
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1. Greeting
Expressing thank.
Apologizing/Expressing sorry.
going?', 'How is everything?'. But questions like these are not real questions. They do not require
a full answer or even a true one. In English, for example, the most common greeting is a question
about person's health: 'How are you?'. But we do not expect the person to tell us about their
health when they repley. we do not expect them to talk about their headache or their backache, if
they have one. People reply to these questions with a fixed expression such as 'Just walking
around' is sufficient. It is not necessary to describe where you are actually going.
In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by small talk. Small talk means the little
things we talk about at the start of a conversation. In English-speaking countries people often
make small talk about the weather; 'Nice day, isn't it?', 'Terrible weather, isn't it?'. But there is
something special about small talk. It must be about something which both people have the same
opinion about. The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something. This makes
meeting people easier and more comfortable. People usually agree about the weather, so it is a
safe topic for small talk. But people often disagree about religion or politics so these are not
suitable topic for small talk in English. The topic for small talk also depend on where the
conversation is taking place. At football games, people make small talk; 'Great game, isn't it?'. At
the bus stop, people may comment about the transportation system; 'The buses are very slow
these days, aren't they?'
Greeting and small talk are an important part of conversation in any language. The way
people greet each other and the things they talk about, however, may be different from one
language to another. This shows that there is much more to be aware of when we learn a
language than just the vocabulary and the grammar of the language. We also have to learn the
social behaviour of the people who speak it.
Answer some questions about:
1. Is it true that people use greeting when they say goodbye to each other?
2. Is it true that learners of english should only learn grammar and vocabulary?
3. Is it true that some languages do not have greetings?
4. Is it true that small talk means talk of great importance to speakers in the conversation?
5. Is it true that the purpose of of greeting is the same in all languages?
Listening
Tom: Good afternoon, Tina.
Tina: Good afternoon, TOm.
Tom: How are you today?
Tina: Fine, thank you.
The expressions and the responds:
Goodbye.
Good night.
prefixe, suffixe
taking note/summary
understanding monologue
reservation
future tense
telephone handling
respond to complaint
expressing arrangement
modal auxiliary
interviewing
Making report.
The material is:
Understanding manual.
The materials are:
affixe
business letter
fax
memorandum
advertisement
brochure
form
questionnaire
antonym, synonym
Understanding documents.
The material is:
business letter
part of letter
application letter
yes-no questions
questions tag
guest handling
gerund
telephone handling
personal pronoun
reported speech
adjective clause
Make a list of job description and educational background spoken and written.
The materials are:
curriculum vitae
past event
future tense
future plans
present perfect
Expressing feelings.
The materials are:
giving invitation
bargaining
expressing certainty
expressing opinion
expressing argument
conjunction
used to
noun clause
describing process
asking for and giving suggestion and advice
comparison
imperative
handling message
understanding message
spelling bee
punctuation
summary
Expressing thank.
Apologizing/Expressing sorry.
vocabularies about things, people, characteristic, time, days, months, year, colors, shape,
size, materials, quality, amount, etc.
How much & how many
profession
nationality
adjectives
numbers
adjectives
antonym/synonim
understanding memorandum
understanding menu (in the restaurant, hotel, supermarket, canteen, etc.)
pronouns
reported speech
Understanding foreign words, terms, and simple sentence based on the sentence pattern.
The materials are:
capabilities expression
parts of letter.
All of these materials are for class X (two semesters). So, each semester it could be 4 basic
competencies are studied.
The references of English materials for class X are so many and varied. At last, keep any
references that supported to the lessons.
1. Understanding simple daily spoken personally and professionally with non native
speakers.
2. Make a note about simple messages whether in directly interaction or by tools.
3. Make a list of job description and educational background spoken and written.
4. Telling the past job and the next future job.
5. Expressing feelings.
6. Understanding simple instructions.
7. Making short message, instruction, and schedule well.
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