NAME: SITI SABARIAH BINTI MUHAMMAD

ID NO: HB12017
SECTION: MDM DR SALWANI BINTI SALLEH
DATE: 20th APRIL 2014
ACADEMIC WEEK: 8
TUTORIAL
9. Ball Valve CAD Model.
10. Ball Valve Fluid Flow Analysis.
1) What did you learn from this tutorial?
From these tutorials, I have learnt how to do the simulation of the ball valve. There are
two tutorial involved in this simulation process. The first tutorial is we need to follow
simple steps of ball valve CAD model before proceed to the next tutorial which is ball
valve fluid flow analysis. In first tutorial, firstly, we need to define the mesh options.
We will use the tetrahedral and wedges a.k.a boundary layer mesh scheme for this
model. This scheme generates layers of wedge elements at the exterior surfaces of the
model. The interior of the model will be meshed with tetrahedral elements. Use this
scheme for fluid flow models to calculate the flow near the walls properly. We use
120% for mesh size. Then I learnt how to exclude surfaces from the boundary layer
mesh. I know that a model will not converge well if the inlet or outlet surfaces have a
boundary layer mesh. So, I will select these surfaces and exclude them from the
boundary layer mesh. Finally I have to generate solid mesh of the model. The model
displays as shown in the figure 1 below:

Figure 1 Ball Valve CAD Model.

From second tutorial which is ball valve fluid flow analysis, Ive learnt that setting the
analysis type are very important before proceed to other steps. As we know that the
fluid is refer to water. The fluid is entering the pipe with a velocity of 0.5 in/s. We
need to define suitable material properties in this tutorial. The apply 0.5 in/s as the
inlet velocity. The magnitude of Z is activated. I know that since I do not want the
velocity at the outlet to be constrained, I must specify it as an outlet. During the
analysis, any surface which has no user-applied condition like velocity, pressure, inlet
or outlet and so on will have wall constraints automatically applied. Then I have
specified the analysis parameters. To assist the convergence, I will ramp the velocity
magnitude to the full value over 1 second using 20 steps. Then, I will keep it constant
for another second using 10 steps. After that, the model will be analyzed. To view the
velocity profile along the centerline of the pipe, used a slice plane. We need to add
streamlines. The model will appear as shown in figure 2 and figure 3:

Figure 2 Ball Valve Fluid Flow Analysis( centerline of pipe ).

Figure 3 after add streamlines.

2) How can you apply this tutorial to a real world problem?

In my opinion this tutorial can be applied to a real world problem if we know the steps
to do the simulation for different kind or type of objects. This tutorial will guide us to
solve simple problem regarding on how to identify the velocity and pressure in the
object, mass flow rates and the effect of velocity over time. There are many kind of
problems that can be solved by using this tutorial such as analysis of the Formula 1 car
and analysis of aerofoil. Overflow drain cover for tub, in marine industry and pipelines
are using same concept of ball valve although the fluids that are use are different.

3) Propose a simple real world problem where you can use finite element analysis
similar to the analysis type done in the tutorial. ( Use sketches, figures, notes etc to
explain your proposal.)
A simple real world problem that can use finite element analysis same as ball valve
analysis in this tutorial is pipelines. Due to the high demand for oil and gas, deeper
wells, longer pipelines, and lower production costs have become necessary. Along
with the need for an inexpensive valve, the device must also be tougher, last longer,
and perform better to meet the demands of the industry. Valve service environments
and operating conditions are often extreme with high temperatures and high pressure

or cryogenic and very low pressure applications. Another feature important to valves
used in the oil and gas industry is the capacity for remote control.

Figure 4 Pipelines

4) Explain the result obtained from these tutorial. ( Include figures and analysis of
the figures.)
At the end of the first part, the object should be exactly looks like figure below:

Figure 5 First result.

At the end of this tutorial, the effect that we can see is there are the model are used
tetrahedral and wedges for boundary layer solid mesh scheme. The model default mesh
size is fixed. It is 120%. Then exclude the surfaces at each inlet or outlet end of the model
from the boundary layer mesh.

At the end of the second part, the object should be exactly looks like the figure below:

Figure 6 second result.

The differences of colored are according to its maximum and minimum velocity
magnitude that acts in the ball valve. The velocity magnitude value is less in the part
towards blue color. That means there is pressure that applied at the pipe. The fluid in this
tutorial is water. The fluid entering the pipe with the velocity of 0.5 in/s. the velocity value
is put in Z-magnitude. To assist the convergence, we will ramp the velocity magnitude to
the full value over 1 second using 20 steps. In this simulation, if the process is incomplete
yet, well straightly fail to run the simulation. If we do not see the shape exactly look like
in this tutorial, the computer could be displaying the velocity line that seems in the figure
above.