Professional Documents
Culture Documents
It may have worked politically, but not on other fronts. Two weeks ago, Romanias prime minister, Emil Boc, doomed his own
government to collapse by ousting his interior minister, Dan Nica (1). The ostensible reason was that Mr Nica(2), who
represents a junior partner in the coalition(3), had groundlessly alleged(2) that a huge electoral fraud was being planned in the
presidential election due on November 22 nd(4). He did not name the supposed ballot-riggers. But this is a touchy issue.
Romanias president, Traian Basescu, won power in 2004 on the crest of an anti-corruption campaign. Since then some of his
biggest supporters have become increasingly critical of his record. Sacking Mr Nica(5) was meant to force his Social Democratic
party to quit the government, leaving a minority administration to be run by Mr Basescus supporters,(6) the Liberal
Democrats. That, cynics say, was meant to ensure that the interior ministry, which runs the election machinery(7), was in safe
hands in the run-up to the poll. It may yet work. But the Social Democrats counter-attacked this week by ousting the
government in Romanias first successful no-confidence vote since the fall of communism. In one sense the vote(8), which took
place on October 13th, was progress(9). Unlike in the 1990s the governments removal did not involve miners rampaging
violently through the streets of Bucharest. Shenanigans around the conduct of the presidential election and uncertainty about
the next government are distractions from Romanias most pressing problems. The economy(9) is forecast to shrink by around
8% this year(9). The IMF and European Union have bailed out the country to the tune of 20 billion ($30 billion). Romania
has yet to implement the unpopular reforms that it agreed with the lenders. And it has also exasperated the EU by backsliding
on promised improvements to the judiciary and legal system. Mr Basescu may have won the battle for his political survival for
the time being. But he has not fulfilled his promises of modernising and cleaning up his countrys politics (10).
II.
LANGUAGE IN USE (9 p + 1 = 10)
2.1 Analyse the clauses in (the underlined strings in the fragment above (1 10) : type and syntactic function of the clause, type of
predication) (0,50x10=5 points)
2.2. Identify the auxiliary and the copulative verbs in the predicates and the semantic modal function of the modal verbs in the
following predicates (may have worked, have become, was meant, did not involve , are distractions (0,40x5 = 2
points).
2.3 .Provide synonyms to the following words/phrases in the text above: doom, groundlessly, touchy, on the crest of, poll, to oust,
to rampage, shenanigans, to bail out, to backslide (0,20 x 10 = 2 points)
III.
Modelul economic si social pentru care societatea romaneasca optase in a doua jumatate a secolului al XIX-lea, avand drept cap de
afis un optimism robust, ar merita asa cum scris si in alte comentarii sa fie reinviat astazi. Atunci, intr-un context istoric si
cultural generator de torente de energie, incepea sa se adevereasca visul de bunastare de la 1848. Un climat economic, politic, social
si moral innoit radical, care promova respectul pentru lucrul bine facut, schimbase fata Romaniei. Incet, incet, romanii au inteles
forta devizei Daca vrei, poti!... si au inceput sa vrea. Si cand au vrut au vazut ca au si putut. Privind inapoi, acum, tocmai faptul
ca tara invatase sa vrea ne ajuta sa intelegem mai bine cum s-a nascut, in capitalismul romanesc timpuriu, o preocupare vibranta
pentru inaltarea unor cladiri reprezentative. Ele au fascinat ochii privitorilor si, totodata, au dat expresie rolului istoric si
importantei institutiilor noului stat capitalist, dorintei de integrare a Romaniei in clubul tarilor a caror optiune pentru modernizare
si dezvoltare era ferma. Si iata ca pe pamant romanesc, intr.-o comunitate abia scapata de durerile feudalismului, au fost inaltate
adevarate minuni ale arhitecturii. Am in vedere, mai cu seama, celbrele monumente de arhitectura ridicate in acea vreme, ce au
dat personalitate micului Paris , au scos din anonimat multe alte orase din tara, au format infrastructura dezvoltarii Romaniei.
Cu toate acestea, in anii care au urmat, romanii nu au avut o grija si o preocupare adevarata pentru aceste cladiri, fie ca le-au
nationalizat, fie ca le-au inchiriat si de-a lungul anilor, multe din acest frumoase bijuterii ale arhitecturii romanesti au intrat in
paragina, au decazut, s-au distrus, roase de colbul vremurilor si al uitarii. De-abia azi am reinceput sa descoperim, parca, aceste
cladiri, unele din ele, vechi, dar pastrand inca din maretia si eleganta liniei arhitecturale, devenita etalon pentru majoritatea
capitalelor europene de la sfarsit de secol XIX si inceput de secol XX. In concluize, daca vrem, putem restaura aceste cladiri si
transforma Bucurestiul intr-o reala perla a Europei, dar trebuie sa vrem, evident. Nimic si nimeni un ne poate ajuta mai mult decat
o putem face singuri. Si, in cele din urma, poate vom fi invatat, totusi, ceva de la istorie.
UNIVERSITATEA BUCURETI
FACULTATEA DE LIMBI I LITERATURI STRINE
SECIA TRADUCTORI, INTERPREI, TERMINOLOGI
EXAMEN DE LICEN LA LIMBA ENGLEZ SESIUNEA FEBRUARIE 2012
I.
TRANSLATE INTO ROMANIAN: (9p + 1= 10 p)
THE buzzword in Brussels these days is growth. Perhaps the looming recession across much of Europe is concentrating
minds. Or leaders may realise that the prospect of years of austerity is stirring bad blood. Unless the debt crisis was resolved
and growth recovered, said Christine Lagarde, the IMFs head, Europe and the world risked reverting to the 1930s. At their next
summit on January 30th, European Union leaders will solemnly talk of boosting output, tackling youth unemployment,
supporting small firms and much else. They might even commit money to job creation, for example by recycling unspent EU funds
through the European Investment Bank. Do not be fooled by such pieties. Everybody has always had different ideas about growth
and they often reflect longstanding prejudices. For Germany, fostering growth is not about spending more money, but about fiscal
discipline and structural reforms in weaker countries. For the British, Dutch, Swedes and other north Europeans, growth should
come from the boost to competition from deepening the single market and pursuing free-trade agreements. For ex-communist
countries in the east, the secret is the vital role of EU transfers. Beyond papering over such disagreements with official verbiage,
the main business of the summit will be to push ahead with the fiscal compact. This requires the signatories to adopt balancedbudget rules. They are going to sign a treaty that makes Keynesianism illegal, comments one diplomat. Mrs Lagarde, for her part,
seems to lean the opposite way. Her recommendations for growth include easing monetary policy and relaxing deficit-cutting in
surplus countries, such as Germany, that can afford to boost demand. She is also urging the euro zone to increase the size of its
rescue fund. And she makes the case for a Europe-wide system to support banks and for the mutualisation of some sovereign
debt. It would help if Europe were more productive. This is one area of concern. Having almost closed the productivity gap with
America in the mid-1990s, Europe is again being left behind. This trend is most alarming in southern Europe, where
productivity has actually dropped. A simple explanation is that Mediterranean countries enjoyed easy catch-up growth by
importing technology. New growth needs the harder graft of innovation and enterprise. Southern economies with cumbersome
regulation, poor administration and an over-protected labour force are bad at this. Fixing that will be the work of a generation, not a
summit.
II.
LANGUAGE IN USE (9 p + 1 = 10)
2.1 Analyse the clauses in (the underlined strings in the fragment above (1 10) : type and syntactic function of the clause)
(0,50x10=5 points)
2.2. Identify the auxiliary and the copulative verbs in the predicates and the semantic modal function of the modal verbs in the
following predicates (is concentrating, may realize, was resolved, has always had, is again being left behind) (0,40x5
= 2 points).
2.3 .Provide synonyms to the following words/phrases in the text above: looming, stir bad blood, tackle, commit, EU
transfers, signatories, make the case for, sovereign debt, gap, cumbersome (0,20 x 10 = 2 points)
III.
TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH (9p +1 =10)
Luni noaptea, dupa Consiliul European, s-a organizat o reuniune separata privind situatia din Grecia.Liderii europeni nu au fost de
acord cu Germania privind punerea guvernului elen sub tutela unui comisar europeana.Situatia Greciei a fost dezbatuta si in cadrul
reuniunii Consiliului, opiniile liderilor europeni fiind divizate. In zilele anterioare reuniunii, Germania lansase ideea numirii unui
comisar european care sa urmareasca guvernul elen in indeplinirea masurilor necesare iesirii din criza, idee respinsa de mai multi
lideri, inclusiv de Nicolas Sarkozy, presedintele Frantei.In fata opozitiei liderilor europeni de a trece la o asemenea masura,
cancelarul german a spus ca este nevoie de o supraveghere a deciziilor guvernului grec pentru ca nu toate reformele promise au si
fost puse in practica. Mai marii Europi au cerut institutiilor UE finalizarea in zilele urmatoare a acordului de salvare a Greciei de la
faliment.Miza acestui acord o reprezinta deblocarea a 130 de miliade de euro, promisi de europeni in octombrie. Acest ajutor este
vital pentru Grecia care trebuie sa ramburseze in 20 martie imprumuturi in valoare de 14,5 miliarde de euro.In paralel insa, Atena
trebuie sa poarte negocieri cu creditorii sai privati pentru a reduce datoria de 100 de miliarde de euro, conditie sine qua non pentru
deblocarea ajutorului european.
UNIVERSITATEA BUCURETI
FACULTATEA DE LIMBI I LITERATURI STRINE
SECIA TRADUCTORI, INTERPREI, TERMINOLOGI
EXAMEN DE LICEN LA LIMBA ENGLEZ SESIUNEA FEBRUARIE 2013
I.
TRANSLATE INTO ROMANIAN: (9p + 1= 10 p)
IN 2003 Tony Blairs efforts to drag Britain into the heart of Europe hit the buffers. His chancellor of the exchequer,
Gordon Brown, blocked the then prime ministers attempt to join the euro. Then came the Iraq war, which estranged Londons
continental partners. So the question arose: if not at the heart of Europe, where should Britain be? Until now Mr Blairs
successors have avoided it. But in a speech in London on January 23rd, David Cameron boldly ventured an answer, thus closing
an uncertain, decade-long chapter in the history of Britains relationship with the EU. The prime minister committed
his Conservative Party to loosening Britains ties to Europeparticularly on crime, social affairs and the environmentand to
putting the new settlement to a stark in-out referendum before the end of 2017. Eloquently, if vaguely, the prime minister
imagined a more flexible network of states centred on the single market, each choosing where to co-operate and where to opt out. A
new treaty might codify this new relationship, he suggested. If not, Britain could embark on a unilateral renegotiation. Mr
Cameron pledged to draft a referendum bill before the 2015 election, then enact it by the end of that year if re-elected. This has the
double benefit of convincing his Eurosceptic backbenchers of his sincerity and forcing the opposition Labour Party to say whether
or not it would implement the legislation. That makes life difficult for Labours leader, Ed Miliband. Unlike the Conservative
Party, Labour is not prone to bouts of chest-beating over Europe. And whereas Mr Cameron now has a clear position, Mr
Milibands line on the EU looks vague and hesitant. Wait and see may be sensible diplomacy, but it is lousy politics. It also
puts the party on the wrong side of broadly Eurosceptic public opinion. Mr Cameron appears to be on the right side:
voters tell pollsters they want renegotiated membership, they want a referendum and, on many issues, they want more
independence from Brussels. The European Commissions own polls consistently show Britons to be the unions least enthusiastic
members. But in one crucial respect, the prime minister is wrong. He said in his speech that Britons are increasingly
frustrated about Europe, and that this frustration is developing dramatically. That is certainly true of Mr Camerons
Conservative Party. It is not, however, true of the British public. Voters are far less neuralgic about Europe than their
representatives in Westminster. It is very important for voters to be asked which topics most concern them, but they mention
Europe much less than they did when Mr Blair was inviting them to love it . Even supporters of the United Kingdom Independence
Party, which campaigns to leave the EU, worry more about the economy, immigration and crime than Europe. And Britons are
equal-opportunity cynics: they distrust their own politicians almost as much as they distrust Brussels. Mr Camerons speech has
gone down well with his party and given his adversaries a headache. But for all these immediate benefits, he risks
encouraging the impression that his party is fixated on a subject that most voters do not much care aboutand at the expense
of subjects they do care about, such as jobs, health care and the economy. Labour was in agony this week, as it squirmed and tried to
change the subject to something other than Europe. But it may have been wise to do so.
II.
LANGUAGE IN USE (9 p + 1 = 10)
2.1 Analyse the clauses in the underlined and bolded strings in the fragment above : type and syntactic function of the clause)
(0,50x10=5 points)
2.2. Identify the auxiliary and the copulative verbs in the predicates and the semantic modal function of the modal verbs in the
following predicates (should be, have avoided, might codify, could embark, would implement , is not prone to bouts
of chest-beating looks vague and hesitant, is developing, has gone down, has gone down) (0,20x10 = 2 points).
2.3 .Provide synonyms to the following words/phrases in the text above: chancellor of the exchequer, settlement, to codify,
to pledge, bill, to put someone on the wrong side of, membership, voter, to give somebody a headache, to
campaign(0,20 x 10 = 2 points)
III.
TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH (9p +1 =10)
Guvernul britanic ia n considerare lansarea unei campanii publicitare negative n Romnia i Bulgaria, n ncercarea de a a-i
convinge pe potenialii imigrani s nu vin n Marea Britanie dup anularea restriciilor, scrie presa britanic."V rugm nu venii
n Marea Britanie. Plou,locurile de munca sunt puine i prost pltite", plnuiesc minitrii s fie mesajul acestei campanii negative,
scrie The Guardian n ediia online.Acest plan se va concentra asupra dezavantajelor vieii britanicilor i printre ntre alte opiuni se
numara si nsprirea accesului imigranilor din Uniunea European (UE) la servicii publice sau "deportarea" celor care nu gsesc un
loc de munc ntr-un termen de trei luni, potrivit publicaiei.Conform declaraiei unui oficial, aceast campanie va "corecta impresia
potrivit creia strzile de aici sunt pavate cu aur".Britanicii sunt ngrozi i de numrul covritor de romni i bulgari care le vor
asalta ara. The Guardian mai scrie c nu s-au dezvluit informaii despre felul n care va arta campania, dac ca i va prezenta pe
britanici "ct mai groaznic posibil" sau i va ncuraja pe potenialii imigrani s se bucure de gradina Carpailor din Romania sau
staiunile bulgare de la Marea Neagr. n contextul n care guvernele din lumea ntreag cheltuiesc sume importante angajnd
consultani de la Londra s le fac imagine, "ar fi o ironie dac Marea Britanie ar alege s i strice imaginea", noteaz The
Guardian.Parlamentari conservatori au exercitat presiuni asupra premierului David Cameron pentru a bloca migraia dinspre
Romnia i Bulgaria dup ce, la sfarsitul acestui an, se vor anula restriciilor impuse celor dou ri, potrivit ediiei online a
publicaiei Daily Express. Fireste, imigrantii doresc o aciune care s asigure o "relaxare" a limitelor numrului de imigrani din cele
dou state UE, cu respectarea legislaiei Uniunii, potrivit publicaiei.
UNIVERSITATEA BUCURETI
FACULTATEA DE LIMBI I LITERATURI STRINE
SECIA TRADUCTORI, INTERPREI, TERMINOLOGI
EXAMEN DE LICEN LA LIMBA ENGLEZ SESIUNEA IUNIE 2008
IV.
V.
1. Identify the tenses and their values in the underlined instances in lines 2, 3, 18,19,23 (has won, comes, is
raging, has been running, drank). (0,40p x 5 = 2p)
2. Identify the values of the underlined modal verbs in lines 14, 18, 27, 29 (could, may, should, can) (0,25 p x 4 = 1 p)
3. Provide one synonym for the following words: unearth, illegitimate, demise, dodge, lapse. (0,10 p x 5 = o,50 p)
4. Identify the underlined constructions in lines 5-6, 7-9, 13 (twice), 22-23 (to have unearthed previously unknown
documents, that Mr Walesa's seemingly erratic behaviour and poor choice of advisers as president from 1990-95 was the
result of blackmail, to live, as best as one could, what happened before or afterwards.) . State their syntactic function
(0,30 p x 5 = 1,5 p)
5. In each of the sentences below there is an error. Identify and correct it. (0,30 x 5 = 1,5p)
1.
Martin was used to smoke a lot when he was studying. 2. This switch isnt working. May the children have broken
it? 3. Not until the next morning we noticed that she had not come home. 4. I didnt like asking about my private
life. 5. The women life longer than men.
People reported that there were serious problems with the new designs. 2. An earthquake is more likely to cause
serious damage than a storm. 3. We are going to have to sell my old car. 4. The police can keep you in custody for 24
hours and may question you about your activities. 5. While she was moving the furniture she damaged the floor.
7. Use the verb in brackets in the most appropriate form to get a correct sentence: (0,20 p x 5 = 1p)
1.
VI.
They allowed us (enter) the room.2. Jessica was disappointed not (see) any of her friend at the theater.3.He had
difficulty in (concentrate) on his work.4.Those curtains want (dry-clean). 5. In addition to (lose) her purse, Joan
also lost her passport.
Zilele trecute, in orasul nipon Osaka, ministrii celor opt natiuni industrializate (Germania, Canada, SUA, Franta, Marea Britanie,
Italia, Japonia, Rusia) vor solicita din nou OPEC sa creasca productia de petrol asa cum au facut-o in mai multe randuri . Adjunctul
secretarului american al tezaurului, David McCormick, preciza ca evolutiile pe piata petrolului si preturile crescute ale alimentelor
vor face parte din discutiile privind economia mondiala, ministrii urmand a evoca politici pe termen mediu si lung care ar putea
inflenta cererea si oferta, in special dezvoltarea carburantilor alternativi. Franta doreste marirea transparentei in ce priveste
stocurile petroliere si stabilirea unui dialog cu statele producatoare. De aceea Parisul si Washington vor pleda pentru oprirea
subventiilor in sectorul energetic care functioneaza in multe tari consumatoare. Insa cursul petrolului a explodat saptamana trecuta,
de aceea pe data de 22 iunie in Arabia Saudita este prevazuta o reuniune intre tarile consumatoare si cele producatoare. Cresterea
pretului petrolului si al alimentelor a generat tulburari sociale in numeorase state in ultima vreme, ceea ce a creat un efect in
cascada, adica pana si tarile mai mici, cu un consum relativ mediu de petrol si energie au avut de suferit de pe urma cresterii
pretului petrolului si al energiei in general.
UNIVERSITATEA BUCURETI
FACULTATEA DE LIMBI I LITERATURI STRINE
SECIA TRADUCTORI, INTERPREI, TERMINOLOGI
Once upon a time, or about two years ago, the European Union was full of optimism (1) about China, and how it was
becoming a responsible stakeholder (2) in the world. Reports poured out of think-tanks (3) with titles like Can
Europe and China shape the new world order? Europe has a good chance of persuading China that its interests lay in
co-operation (4) over climate change, Africa or nuclear proliferation, it was said. And Europe was better placed than
America: European co-operation was a model and, unlike America, Europe was not a strategic rival.
Head into ancient history, or to 2004, and such leaders as Frances Jacques Chirac were telling Chinese leaders (5) they
shared a common vision of the world, based on a multipolar system in which international balance would be
achieved by closer ties (6) between Europe, China and Russia. In case that jab in Americas eye was not clear enough,
France and Germany led calls for the lifting of an EU arms embargo imposed on China after the Tiananmen Square
protests in 1989. This was also the age of books (7) with titles like Why Europe will Run the 21 st Century. Europe was
bullish about its exemplary wealth, social harmony, and post-national kindliness (8), and how such values would soon
span the globe (9). The mood is different now. Inside China, America and Europe several bubbles of optimism have
burst at the same time (10).
VIII. LANGUAGE IN USE (9 p + 1 = 10)
1. Analyse syntactically and morphologically the underlined strings in the fragment above (1 10).
1.1. Identify the type of predications, the semantic and aspectual lexical value of the lexical verbs in the predication
phrases and the grammatical form of the verbs (tense, mood, voice, etc.) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) (0,25 x 10 = 2,5p);
1.2. Identify the auxiliary and the copulative verbs in the predicates and the semantic modal function of the modal verbs
in those predications which include them (0,25 x 10 = 2,5p).
1.3. Analyse the clause in (9): type and syntactic function of the clause, type of predication) (1,5).
2. .Provide synonyms to the following words in the text above: think-tank, protests, achieve, wealth, burst, jab, lift,
embargo, vision, span (0,25 x 10 = 2,5p)
IX.
Dup cutremurul din 12 ianuarie, din Haiti, soldat cu peste 150.000 de mori, au aprut cazuri de trafic de copii i de
organe, a declarat premierul haitian, Jean-Max Bellerive."Se practic acest gen de trafic de organe prelevate nu numai
de la copii, pentru c este nevoie de toate tipurile de organe", a declarat Bellerive ntr-un interviu acordat CNN. Nu a dat
detalii, dar, ntrebat de Christiane Amanpour ce stie despre posibilele cazuri de trafic cu copii, Bellerive a rspuns:
"Informaiile pe care le-am primit arat c exista asemnea cazuri".Autoritile din Haiti ncearc s localizeze copiii
sinistrai i s i nregistreze, pentru a fi apoi dai n grija altor membrii ai familiei sau dai spre adopie. Dar traficul cu
copii este una dintre cele mai mari probleme cu care se confrunt Haiti.Premierul a spus c ncearc s colaboreze cu
ambasadele din Port-au-Prince pentru a-i apra pe copiii din Haiti de traficani. Bellerive a precizat c primul lucru pe
care ncearc s l confirme oficialii haitieni este dac copii au acte de adopie valabile nainte de a li se permite s plece
din ar.La Washington, Departamentul de Stat a anunat c acioneaz cu precauie n ceea ce privete adopiile din
Haiti. "Vrem s fim siguri c, atunci cnd se identific un copil, s-au fcut toate eforturile pentru a ne asigura c este cu
adevrat un copil orfan i nu un copil care chiar are familie", a spus purttorul de cuvnt al Departamentului de Stat P.J.
Crowley. "Uneori dac faci presiuni prea mari, prea repede, pot aprea consecine nedorite. Aa c suntem foarte, foarte
ateni", a adugat el.Cutremurul din Haiti, din 12 februarie, s-a soldat cu peste 150.000 de mori i a lsat un milion de
oameni fr adpost.
UNIVERSITATEA BUCURETI
FACULTATEA DE LIMBI I LITERATURI STRINE
SECIA TRADUCTORI, INTERPREI, TERMINOLOGI
incluse costurile unor programe sociale sau de sprijinire a economiei n perioada crizei. Preedintele american Barack
Obama a avertizat, ieri, c un eec al negocierilor din Congres referitoare la majorarea plafonului datoriilor Statelor
Unite, care au atins limita maxim legal, ar putea sa puna n pericol redresarea economic i s declaneze o nou criz
financiar. Atenia opiniei publice din Statele Unite este concentrat asupra datoriei publice, de 14.300 de miliarde de
dolari, ns, aceasta nu include fonduri de aproape 50.000 de miliarde de dolari garantate de stat prin diverse
programe, cum ar fi cel de asigurari sociale. Statul este prins i n capcana altor datorii, precum programul de susinere
a sistemului financiar din cauza crizei din 2008-2009, arat date guvernamentale. O serie de bnci americane au
anunat c nu vor mai folosi obligaiuni ale Trezoreriei ca garanii pentru diverse tranzacii.n condiiile date, n ultimul
timp, ntre preedintele Obama i republicani au existat tensiuni i conflicte n legtur cu majorarea plafonului maxim
al datoriei. Democraii susin ridicarea acestui prag, ns republicanii militeaz pentru o reducere drastic a mai multor
cheltuieli publice. Dac ntre cele dou pri nu se va ajunge la o nelegere, Guvernul risc s nu i mai poat ndeplinii
obligaiile, ceea ce va avea consecine grave, potrivit analitilor economici. Ministrul de finanate, Timothy Geithner a
declarat c a gsit modaliti prin care Guvernul s i continue activitatile, ns doar pentru alte cteva luni nainte de a
da faliment.Decizia reflect temerile tot mai mari din partea comunitii financiare referitoare la capacitatea SUA de a
gsi o soluie la problema datoriilor i a deficitului,. Dac blocajul nu va fi rezolvat pn la 2 august, Statele Unite vor
intra n incapacitatea de plat a anumitor obligaiuni care ajung la maturitate. Iar preedintele Barack Obama a
avertizat deja c situaia datoriilor SUA ar putea declansa o nou criz mondiala.
UNIVERSITATEA BUCURETI
FACULTATEA DE LIMBI I LITERATURI STRINE
SECIA TRADUCTORI, INTERPREI, TERMINOLOGI
EXAMEN DE LICEN LA LIMBA ENGLEZ SESIUNEA IUNIE 2012
I.TRANSLATE INTO ROMANIAN: (9p + 1= 10 p) Chechnya is a rebellious part of Russia that was run by
gangsters and Islamic fundamentalists, closely linked to Al-Qaeda. After a bloody but necessary war, it has become
largely peaceful though occasional terrorist attacks continue. That, roughly, is what the Kremlin would like to believe.
Tony Woods new book takes issue with every part of that argument and puts the case, in a simplistic if passionate
manner, for the other side. The truth, he maintains, is that the outside worlds credulousness and cowardice has
enabled a chilling conjuring trick, in which the Chechens aspirations to self-determination have disappeared behind
a cloud of euphemisms and falsifications. () Mr. Wood, assistant editor of New Left Review, a British periodical,
concedes that the period of semi-independence that followed may have been a grisly mess, where kidnapping and slavetrading became big business. But he blames Russia for that, for having ruined the Chechen economy and for the
Kremlins persistent attempts to undermine the Chechen authorities. () The wars in Chechnya must have been
atrocious on both sides. While condemning the degeneration of Chechen resistance tactics into terrorism, Mr.
Woods is trying hard to depict them as reactions to the systematic and continuous use of illegal detention, torture, rape
and murder by the Russian side. Far from pacifying the republic and restoring normal life, the Kremlin has installed a
vicious client regime that rules by larcenous brutality. Chechenya has always been a pawn in Russias internal power
struggles and related swindles, and Mr. Wood is right to highlight the Kremlins cynicism, incompetence, and casual
brutality. But the book is too slim, simplistic and one-sided to do full justice to the issue. Russians come across as
carboard villains, of no hint of the agonized debates and dilemmas the war has prompted. Equally, he depicts the
Chechens as carboard martyrs, not real people with spectacular virtues and failings. Theres little that the reader gets in
terms of flavour of Chechenyas steamy clan politics, or the rebel leaderships often bizarre and batty notions, nor of the
murky deals in which all sides are engaged.
Note: Larcenous, related to larceny= stealing things that are valuable.
IV.
LANGUAGE IN USE (9 p + 1 = 10)
2.1 Analyse the clauses in (the underlined strings in the fragment above (1 10) : type and syntactic function of the
clause) (0,40x10=4 points)
2.2. Identify the auxiliary and the copulative verbs in the following predicates; identify the modal verbs and discuss
their semantic function, where the case may be:
a. Chechnya is a rebellious part of Russia; b. that was run by gangsters; c.it has become largely peaceful; d. there is
little .; e. The wars in Chechnya must have been atrocious on both sides; f. Mr. Wood is trying hard(0.5 x6= 3 p).
2.3 .Provide synonyms to the following words/phrases in the text above: (0,20 x 10 = 2 points):
Credulousness, conjuring (trick), to concede, grisly (mess), atrocious, vicious, swindle(s), agonized,
failings, murky.
V.
TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH (9p +1 =10)
Distanele reprezint esena Rusiei si sunt leitmotivul politicii interne a oricrui preedinte al Rusiei n secolul al XXIlea. Practic, nu se poate nelege dimensiunea politic a nici unui ef de stat rus fr s se neleag c, orict de mult iar dori s fie actor pe scena politic internaional, el este nti de toate conductorul celei mai ntinse ri de pe glob.
Inventarea internetului i a telefonului mobil au fcut ca distanele s se micoreze chiar i n Rusia, iar legturile dintre
cetenii Rusiei i cei ai altor state s se ntreasc. Astfel, au aprut mai multe perspective pentru orice persoan care
are acces la surse de informare, ceea ce a fost cndva accesibil doar aristocraiei. Pentru prima dat n istorie,
aristocraia, apoi nomenklatura, nu mai este singur n marele privilegiu de a cltori, vedea, compara i aciona. Nici
uniformizarea social propus de doctrina Partidului Comunist al Uniunii Sovietice nu a putut fi totala i a meninut
aristocraia sub forma nomenklaturii. O mai mare omogenizare naional s-a realizat dup 1991 cu ajutorul telefonului
mobil i a internetului, asa ca populaia are de civa ani un mai mare acces la tirile externe i posibilitatea de a face
comparaii n ce privete sistemul politico-administrativ s-a accentuat. Vladimir Putin domin scena politic din 2000 i
o va face pn n 2024, dac nu vor fi accidente, dac nu va exista un adversar puternic n 2018. Dar 24 de ani de
conducere, chiar acordat prin vot popular, s-ar putea s fie considerat cam mult de populaia Rusiei. Contient de
pericol, Vladimir Putin este forat s propun obiective clare i tangibile, deoarece n faa sa este o populaie foarte bine
informata, care acum observ ce este n strintate i face comparaii, Putin nu va raspunde doar de gestionarea
situaiei socio-economice, ci i de creterea noii elite politice a Rusiei. Si inca un aspect specific, legat de strintatea
apropiat: n realitate, URSS nu s-a desfiinat integral. Situaia economic i demografic impune Moscovei o atenie
sporit, n contextul n care deficitul de mn de lucru calificat din Rusia nu se poate acoperi dect cu etnici rui din
fostele republici. n acelai timp, Rusia este prima destinaie de migraie pentru locuitorii din Asia Centrala i ai Caucaz.
Iata de ce, Putin a adoptat cvasi-oficial ideea Eurasiei. Proiectul eurasiatic nu nseamn doar o cale rus de rezolvare a
problemelor Rusiei, ci i crearea unei noi balane a puterii, a unui nou pole de putere, opus Statelor Unite. Rusia
dorete ca mpreun cu China, i, ntr-o anumit msur, cu India i Vietnamul s edifice un bloc geopolitic puin
favorabil SUA n zona Pacific, iar n Orientul Mijlociu prin susinerea oferit Siriei i Iranului complic ambiiile
Americii, Turciei i Israelului. Eurasia nseamn ns i reducerea implicrii n Africa i America Latin; Rusia va
sprijini anumite iniiative, dar numai contra-cost.
UNIVERSITATEA BUCURETI
FACULTATEA DE LIMBI I LITERATURI STRINE
SECIA TRADUCTORI, INTERPREI, TERMINOLOGI
EXAMEN DE LICEN LA LIMBA ENGLEZ SESIUNEA IUNIE 2014
I.TRANSLATE INTO ROMANIAN: (9p + 1= 10 p) Is France a democracy? Most people would assume that
there is a straightforward answer - "Yes". After all, France has had free and fair elections for a long while. However,
there is more to a truly democratic society than elections alone. France is a democracy, but not a full democracy,
according to the newly published sixth edition of The Economist Intelligence Unit's Democracy Index. More accurately,
it is a "flawed democracy". The Economist Intelligence Unit gives it a score of 7.92 out of 10, below the 25
countries that scored 8.00 or above - all full democracies - and fractionally below Botswana, another flawed democracy.
But it's above the other 140 countries covered by the index, and a long way from being classified as a "hybrid regime"
or "authoritarian". So, what is it that lets France down? France is up there with the top democracies in regard to its
electoral process, civil liberties, and political participation - which refers to such things as voter turnout, the
number of women MPs and preparedness to participate in lawful demonstrations. It is let down by its relatively
poor showing in terms of functioning of government and political culture. Consider the power of the French parliament.
In a country such as Norway, ranked first, or Australia, ranked sixth, the legislature is the supreme decision-making
body. France's legislature, by contrast, is one of the weakest in Europe. Because the president wields huge power, it is
difficult for the legislature to shape legislation and hold the government to account . The president is elected too,
of course, but there is a greater risk of action being taken by a single decision-maker against citizens' wishes than a
legislature composed of hundreds of elected officials, which has its own inherent checks and balances. This is one reason
France performs badly with regard to "functioning of government". Here's another example. French citizens, by their
own admission, have very low trust in government or political parties - surveys show them to be some of the most
disaffected in Europe. The autumn 2013 Eurobarometer survey, for example, revealed that only 7% of French people
trust their political parties, while only 14% trust the national government - both well below the European average. This
may be one factor contributing to the defeat of mainstream parties in last month's European election. It is also one
reason why France is not ranked highly for "political culture". In the first version of the Democracy Index, eight years
ago, France may have been rated as a full democracy, but was downgraded in the third edition, in 2010, due to the
decline in public confidence in politicians and because of its low levels of political engagement. In the latest World
Values Survey for France, only 37% of people were somewhat or very interested in politics, as compared to 44% in the
UK and 58% in the US. There are other European countries - including Italy (31st), Portugal (34th) and Poland (44th) languishing further down the ranks of flawed democracies. Romania, the lowest-ranked member of the EU, comes in
at 60th. What The Economist Intelligence Unit's Democracy Index shows is that free and fair elections and civil
liberties are necessary conditions for democracy, but they are unlikely to be sufficient for a full and consolidated
democracy if unaccompanied by transparent and at least minimally efficient government, sufficient political
participation and a supportive democratic political culture. A sturdy democracy is not easy to build. Even in longestablished ones, democracy can corrode if not nurtured and protected
II. LANGUAGE IN USE (9 p + 1 = 10)
2.1.Analyze the clauses ( type and syntactic function of the clauses): 1)that there is a straightforward
answer; 2)from being classified as a "hybrid regime" or "authoritarian"; 3)which refers to such things as voter
turnout, the number of women MPs and preparedness to participate in lawful demonstrations ;4) for the legislature
to shape legislation and hold the government to account; 5)surveys show them to be some of the most disaffected in
Europe;6)languishing further down the ranks of flawed democracies.;7)What The Economist Intelligence Unit's
Democracy Index shows; 8)they are unlikely to be sufficient for a full and consolidated democracy; 9)A sturdy
democracy is not easy to build ;10) if not nurtured and protected (3 p)
2.2 Identify the auxiliary and specify its function, identify the type of predicates (copulative, transitive, intransitive in
terms of the number of arguments) as well as the semantic modal function of the modal verbs in the following: would
assume; has had; is a democracy; gives; refers to; is let down; wields; being taken; may be one factor;
can corrode (0,3 x 10 = 3 p).
2.3.Provide synonyms to the following words in the text above: flawed democracy; score; authoritarian
regime; voter turnout; lawful; legislature; hold somebody to account; to downgrade; fair elections;
to nurture (0,3o x 10 = 3 p)
III.TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH (9p +1 =10): Alegerile din Partidul Miscarea Populara au scos la iveala fata urata
a unor intelectuali vazuti pana acum cativa ani mari sperante ale politicii dar pun in discutie, in general, prezenta celor
numiti reformisti in politica. Dintre toti se detaseaza Teodor Baconschi si Cristian Preda, doua figuri vazute pana mai
ieri mari sperante, din categoria reformistilor. Se visau la un moment dat viitori presedinti. Nu doar ca n-au reformat
nimic pe unde au trecut, dar s-au pretat la cele mai ridicole compromisuri pentru micul confort personal. Lui Preda i-au
iesit socotelile, lui Baconschi nu prea. Pe cat de admirabil se manifesta ca oameni de idei, pe atat de dezamagitor se
comporta ca politicieni disperati sa se aranjeze. Si nici asta n-ar fi de blamat daca la capatul sirului lung de abdicari am
fi vazut cu totii un proiect, o idee, un scop dedicate binelui public, interesului general, nu doar alti sinecuristi ceva mai
sofisticati pusi pe treaba. Preda si-a atins obiectivul de a castiga un nou mandat de europarlamentar si nu-l mai
intereseaza, desigur, ca partidul sau a incaput pe mana unor anti-reformisti pur sange. Va fi, probabil, un
europarlamentar corect (la fel ca in primul mandat), dar s-a dovedit un politician cu mari slabiciuni si
incoerente.Baconschi, in schimb, a ratat la mustata un loc caldut in PE, iar acum, la spartul targului, tipa in gura mare
impotriva celor carora le-a ciugulit din palma noua luni fara sa mai strambe atata din nas. Asa ceva nu se face oricata
dreptate are cand crtica mariniantonii din jurul sau. Intelectualii din politica romaneasca nu sunt toti atat de fatarnici,
de mititei la caracter. Gradele lor de oportunism, egoism sau eficienta arata foarte diferit. Cativa s-au dedicat binelui
public si au ramas consecventi in ciuda compromisurilor facute pentru a ramane in politica, locul de unde, pana la
urma, pot face ceva pentru ceilalti. Pentru ca, in definitiv, ce inseamna a fi reformist? Simplu spus, a avea viziunea si
puterea de a schimba o stare de lucruri osificata, de a inota contra curentului si de a lupta impotriva conformismului,
inertiei si rezistentei sistemului. Reformistii nu cauta sa se puna bine cu toata lumea, ci isi apara ideile chiar cu riscul de
a ramane singuri, de a esua partial in lupta lor. Dar orice victorie a lor, cat de mica, lucreaza spre binele nostru.Traian
Ungureanu, de la PDL, a ramas langa Blaga tot din oportunism si calcul personal. A dovedit o disponibilitate la
compromis cel putin egala cu a lui Preda sau Baconschi. Din fericire, umorul si inteligenta il fac ceva mai simpatic. TRU
cel putin n-a visat sa ajunga presedinte, s-a multumit cu rolul de bufon al regelui in partid si de ganditor public absolut
seducator in scris si viziune. Ca politician, nu va lasa nici el mare lucru in urma lui.