Country Profiles

Republic of Albania
Parliamentary republic
Bujar Nishani
Edi Rama

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats)

Socialist Party of Albania (PSSH, social democrat)
Democratic Party of Albania (PDS, conservative)
Socialist Movement for Integration (LSI, social democrat)

66
49
16

Party for Justice and Integration (PDI, Albanian Chams minority)

Republican Party (PR, conservative)
Unity for Human Rights Party (PBDNJ, greek minority)
Christian Democratic Party (PKDSH)

4
3
1
1

ALBANIA

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

ALBANIA

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Tirana (0.42)
Durrs (0.12); Vlor (0.08)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

28,750
3.2
115
54
0.3

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

21
11
1.79
74/80
15

Economy

Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

12,261
9,207
1.6
62,4
-3.3
6,934
2.0
957
23
2,932
1,833
1,035
8.3
Imports

Exports

Balance

6,399
4,527
1,872
51.1

4,078
1,960
2,118
32.5

-2,321
-2,567
247
-18.5

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

18
16
66
45.0
14.7
26.5
41.5
20.8
37.7

145

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP):
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

1.5
2.2
689
32.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Italy (34%), Greece (11%), China (7%), Turkey (6%),
Germany (5%)
Export: Italy (49%), Spain (10%), China (7%), Greece (5%), Turkey (5%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

98.0/95.7
..
82.4
55.5
11.4
3.3
0.15
41.7
414
39
18
0
15
1.3

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.749
70
11.1
24.0
6.0
1.2
94
11.0
0.4
98.0
15.6
54.7

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles
ALGERIA

ALGERIA
Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Peoples Democratic Republic of Algeria

Semi-presidential republic
Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Abdelmalek Sellal

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (National Peoples Assembly )
National Liberation Front (FLN)
221
Workers Party (PT, communist)
National Rally for Democracy (RND)
70
Algerian National Front (FNA, nationalist/conservative)
Green Algeria Alliance (AVV, Islamist coalition)
47
Front for Justice and Development (FJD, Islamist)
Socialist Forces Front (FFS, social democrat)
21
Algerian Popular Movement (MPA, democrat)
Independents
19
Others

17
9
7
6
45

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):
Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

Algiers (2.92)
Oran (0.78); Constantine (0.45)
2,381,740
39.2
16
74
1.9

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

27
5
2.82
69/73
17

146

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

204,289
7,305
3.3
9.6
-4.2
5,643
8,9
1,484
-41
2,395
300
1,843
0.9
Imports

Exports

Balance

62,592
51,568
11,025
29.0

75,548
71,558
3,990
36.2

12,956
19,990
-7,035
7.2

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

9
49
42
15.0
9.8
21.6
10.8
30.9
58.4
145.8
41.9
1,108
-248.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: France (13%), China (12%), Italy (10%), Spain (9%),
Germany (5%)
Export: Italy (16%),United States (15%), Spain (11%), France (9%),
Netherlands (7%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

81.3/63.9
97
98
32
7.6
4.3
0.07
11.7
182
61
15
17
317
4.8

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.713
93
12.1
..
4.3
2.9
79
7.5
17.1
98.0
20.0
15.2

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Federal democratic republic
Neboja Radmanovic (Serb); Bakir Izetbegovic (Bosniak); Zeljko Komic (Croat)
Vjekoslav Bevanda

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives )

Social Democratic Party (SDP)
8
Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ, Croatian
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD)
8
nationalist and conservative)
Party of Democratic Action (SDA, centre-right)
7
Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SBH, conservative)
Union for a Better Future (SBB, centre-right)
4
Others
Serbian Democratic Party (SDS, Serbian nationalist)
4

3
2
6

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Sarajevo (0.39)
Banja Luka (0.20); Tuzla (0.10)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

51,210
3.8
75
49
-0.1

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

16
15
1.28
74/79
6

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Economy

Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

16,906
8,048
-0.7
44.6
-3.1
10,577
2.1
633
36
392
734
1.863
10.8
Imports

Exports

Balance

10,506
9,996
509
60.8

6,319
5,224
1,096
36.6

-4,186
-4,773
586
-24.2

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

8
25
67
34.1
28.2
57.5
20.5
30.3
49.0

147

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

4.6
7.1
1,848
35.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Croatia (18%), Serbia (14), Germany (11%), Slovenia (10%),
Italy (9%)
Export: Croatia (14%), Slovenia (13%), Italy (12%), Germany (12%),
Serbia (11%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

99.5/96.7
..
..
38
8.3
..
0.02
37.5
88
..
..
0
11
0.9

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.735
81
16.9
35.0
10.2
6.1
196
1.5
0.7
87.6
33.7
65.4

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles
CROATIA

CROATIA
Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Republic of Croatia
Parliamentary constitutional republic
Ivo Josipovi
Zoran Milanovi

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats)

Kukuriku coalition (KK)
Croatian Democratic Union and allies (HDZ, conservative)
Croatian Labourists - Labour Party (HL SR)
Croatian Democratic Assembly of Slavonija and Baranja
(HDSSB)
Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) (aboard district)

80
42
6
7
3

Independent Democratic Serb Party (SDSS) - Serb

national minority
Independent list Ivan Grubisic
Other (domestic district)

Other national minority representatives

2
2

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Zagreb (0.69)
Split (0.17); Rijeka (0.13)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

56,590
4.3
76
58
-0.3

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

15
18
1.50
74/80
4

148

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

56,162
18,102
-2.0
54.0
-3.9
..
3.4
1,251
-99
9,927
9,638
1,389
2.4
Imports

Exports

Balance

24,014
20,373
3,641
42.0

24,539
12,606
11,933
42.9

526
-7,767
8,293
0.9

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

5
26
68
44.8
15.8
44.2
13.7
27.4
58.7
3,8
8.4
1,971
55.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Italy (17%), Germany (13%), Russia (8%), China (7%),
Slovenia (6%)
Export: Italy (15%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (13%), Germany (10%),
Slovenia (9%), Austria (7%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

99.5/98.3
88
98
62
9,8
4.3
0.73
105.5
143
1
14
0
20
1.6

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.805
47
27.2
56.0
7.8
4.3
345
14.1
7.6
115.4
68.0
63.0

Republic of Cyprus
Presidential constitutional republic
Nicos Anastasiades
..

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives)

Democratic Coalition (DISY, conservative)
20
Movement of Social Democracy (EDEK)
Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL, socialist)
19
European Party (EVRO.KO, centre)
Democratic Party (DIKO, liberal)
8
Ecological and Environmental Movement (ecologist)
Independents

5
1
1
2

CYPRUS

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

CYPRUS

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Nicosia (0.25)
Limassol (0.23); Larnacca (0.07)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

9,250
1.1
121
71
1.1

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

17
12
1.46
78/82
3

Economy

Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

22,995
26,773
-2,4
85.5
-6.4
..
3.1
849
-1,929
2,392
2,751
110
0.5
Imports

Exports

Balance

10,408
6,808
3,673
45.1

9,778
1,851
7,927
42.5

-702
-4,957
4,255
-2.5

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

2
20
78
55.8
11.8
26.8

149

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

2.9
20.2
74.9
0.1
2.4
2,121
96.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Greece (21%), Israel (12%), Italy (8%), United Kingdom (7%),
Germany (7%)
Export: Greece (14%), Republic of Korea (14%), Israel (13%),
United Kingdom (5%), Germany (3%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

99.3/98.1
99
95
46
9.8
7.3
0.50
0.8
163
86
3
34
13
2.1

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.848
31
27.5
35.0
7.4
8.6
421
40.9
0.6
98.4
75.0
61.0

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Arab Republic of Egypt

Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Ibrahim Mahlab

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (Peoples Assembly) (dissolved)

EGYPT

Country Profiles

EGYPT

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Cairo (11.17*)* [including the population of Giza (3.63) and Shubra El-Khema (1.10)]
Alexandria (4.49); Port Said (0.60)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

1,001,450
82.1
80
44
1.7

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

31
6
2.79
69/73
18

150

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

262,263
6,474
2.2
78.9
-10.5
40,000
8.7
2,798
211
9,497
9,333
20,515
8.1
Imports

Exports

Balance

68,801
52,350
16,450
26.9

48,601
26,835
21,767
19.2

-20,200
-25,516
5,316
-7.7

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

14
39
46
23.6
1.9
35.7
29.2
23.5
47.1
88.2
77.6
978
14.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: China (11%), United States (8%), Germany (6%), Turkey (5%),
Italy (5%)
Export: United States (8%), India (7%), Italy (7%), Saudi Arabia (6%),
Libya (5%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

81.7/65.8
95
86
30
6.4
3.8
0.21
58.3
973
86
6
100
836
1.7

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.662
112
28.3
17.0
4.7
2.3
34
11.2
9.5
119.9
37.9
44.7

French Republic
Semi-presidential constitutional republic
Franois Hollande
Manuel Valls

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (National Assembly)

Socialist, Republican, and Citizen Group (centre-left,
292
Radical Party of the Left (centre-left, social liberal)
social democrat)
Democratic and Republican Left (left coalition)
Union for a Popular Movement (UMP, liberal conservative)
199
Non registered
Union of Democrats and Independents (centre-right, liberal)
31
Ecologists
17

16
15
7

FRANCE

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

FRANCE

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Paris (11.17)
Marseille-Aix-en-Provence (1.49); Lyon (1.49); Lille (1.04); Nice-Cannes (0.99); Toulouse (0.93)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

549,190
64.3
119
86
0.5

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

18
17
1.98
79/86
3

Economy
2,612,667
35,312
0.0
90.2
-4.8
..
2.2
25,093
37,197
81,552
65,959
19,451
0.8

Total trade

Imports

Exports

Balance

in goods and services (millions $)

in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

827,917
653,536
174,381
31.6

779,137
562,809
216,327
29.6

-48,781
-90,726
41,946
-2.0

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

2
19
79
50.9
9.9
23.7
2.9
21.7
74.9

151

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

133.1
251.7
3,831
47.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Germany (17%), China (8%), Belgium (8%), Italy (7%),
United States (6%)
Export: Germany (17%), Italy (7%), Belgium (7%), Spain (7%),
United Kingdom (7%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

../..
98
110
58
10.6
5.9
2.25
211.0
512
12
69
12
326
2.2

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.893
20
33.8
66.0
11.7
5.0
482
24.7
12.1
97.4
81.0
83.0

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles
GREECE

GREECE
Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Hellenic Republic
Parliamentary constitutional republic
Karolos Papoulias
Antonis Samaras

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats)

New Democracy (ND, conservative)
Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA)
Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK)
Independent Greeks (AE, right)
Golden Dawn (XA, far-right xenophobic)

125
71
27
13
16

Democratic Left (DIMAR)

Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
Independent Democratic MPs
Independents

13
12
17
6

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Athens (3.41)
Thessaloniki (0.88): Patras (0.21); Herakliom (0.17); Larissa (01.6); Volos (0.14)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

131,960
11.1
88
62
-0.3

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

15
19
1.52
78/83
4

152

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

248,562
24,469
-6.4
157.2
-6.3
..
1.5
2,945
-39
16,427
14,984
618
0.2
Imports

Exports

Balance

69,444
53,520
15,924
26.9

63,693
28,307
35,386
24.3

-5,751
-25,213
19,462
-2.7

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

3
16
80
44.2
24.2
54.8
13.0
16.7
70.3
10.1
26.0
2,343
61.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Russian Federation (12%), Germany (9%), Italy (8%),
Saudi Arabia (6%), Netherlands (5%)
Export: Turkey (11%), Italy (8%), Germany (6%), Bulgaria (6%),
Cyprus (5%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

98.4/96.3
100
108
114
10.1
4.1
0.60
74.3
841
89
2
10
147
2.0

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.860
29
..
48.0
10.8
7.4
460
34.7
36.7
120.0
57.4
56.0

State of Israel
Parliamentary democracy
Shimon Peres
Benjamin Netanyahu

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats)

Likud (neo-conservatives) - Yisrael Beiteinu
(far-right ultranationalist)
Yesh Atid (centre, laics)
Labour Party (centre-left)
The Jewish Home (religious far-right)

31
19
15
12

Shas (ultraorthodox Sephardis)

United Torah Judaism (ultraorthodox Ashkenazis)
Hatnuah (centre)
Meretz (social democrats, ecologists)
Others

11
7
6
6
13

ISRAEL

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

ISRAEL

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Jerusalem (0.79)
Tel Aviv-Jaffa (3.38) [includes Rishon LeZion (0.23) and Petah Tikva (0.20)]; Haifa (1.05);

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

22,070
7.7
359
92
1.8

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

28
11
2.91
80/84
3

Economy

Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

257,621
33,878
3.4
68.2
-3.9
..
1.7
10,414
3,174
2,820
6,029
1,300
0.5
Imports

Exports

Balance

92,712
71,667
21,045
38.3

93,203
62,320
30,883
38.0

491
-9,346
9,838
-0.3

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

..
..
..
58.1
6.9
12.2
1.7
20.4
77.1

153

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

3.3
24.1
3,044
86.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: United States (13%), China (7%), Germany (6%),
Switzerland (6%), Belgium (5%)
Export: United States (28%), Hong Kong (8%), United Kingdom (6%),
Belgium (5%), China (4%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

../..
97
102
66
11.9
5.6
4.40
1.8
282
58
6
140
185
5.6

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.900
16
31.1
34.0
7.7
8.7
282
17.4
19.9
120.7
82.1
73.4

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles
ITALY

ITALY
Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Italian Republic
Parliamentary constitutional republic
Giorgio Napolitano
Mateo Renzi

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (Chamber of Deputies)

Democratic Party (social democrat)
296
Left Ecology Freedom (eco-socialism)
Five Star Movement (M5S, populist movement)
104
Northern League (LN, regionalists, populist right)
Forza Italia- The People of Freedom (PdL, conservative)
69
For Italy (Christian-democratic )
New Centre-Right (centre-right)
28
Brothers of Italy National Alliance (national consevative)
Civic choice (centre-liberal)
27
Others

25
20
18
9
34

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):
Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

Rome (3.30)
Milan (2.91); Naples (2.37); Torino (1.61); Palermo (0.92); Bergamo (0.78)
301,340
61.0
206
69
-2.0

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

14
21
1.48
80/86
3

154

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

2,014,382
30,551
-2.5
127.0
-2.9
..
3.3
9,625
30,397
46,119
45,368
7,226
0.4

Total trade

Imports

Exports

Balance

in goods and services (millions $)

in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

585,049
478,910
106,139
29.1

607,021
501,834
105,187
30.1

21,972
22,924
-951
1.0

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

2
24
74
39.4
10.7
35.3
3.7
27.8
68.5
32.7
158.6
2,664
79.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Germany (15%), France (8%), China (7%), Netherlands (5%),
Russian Federation (5%)
Export: Germany (13%), France (11%), United States (7%),
Switzerland (6%), United Kingdom (5%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

99.2/98.7
97
101
62
10.1
4.5
1.26
191.3
790
44
36
97
360
1.6

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.881
25
38.0
35.0
9.5
6.5
605
21.6
4.6
159.8
67.0
58.0

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
King Abdullah II
Abdullah Ensour

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (Chamber of Deputies)

Independents
123
National Union Party
Islamic Centrist Party (ICP, Islamists)
3
Stronger Jordan
Homeland
2
Others

2
2
18

JORDAN

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

JORDAN

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Amman (1.18)
Zarqa (0.70); Irbid (0.60)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

89,320
7.3
70
83
2.2

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

34
3
3.27
72/75
16

Economy

Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

30,981
5,968
2.7
80.2
-8.2
18,632
4.6
1,403
5
3,960
3,860
3,643
11.7

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

3
30
67
15.3
12.2
21.3
2.0
17.5
80.5

155

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

0.3
7.1
1,191
96.0

Imports

Exports

Balance

Main Trading Partners

22,975
18,431
4,544
73.5

13,572
7,887
5,686
43.5

-9,403
-10,544
1,141
-30.0

Import: Saudi Arabia (24%), China (9%), United States (7%), Italy (5%),
Turkey (5%)
Export: Iraq (14%), United States (14%), India (13%), Saudi Arabia (9%),
Lebanon (4%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

97.7/93.9
98
88
47
8.6
..
0.43
1.0
166
65
4
10
116
3.5

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.700
100
25.6
18.0
8.3
3.2
131
1.9
30.0
128.2
54.6
41.0

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles
LEBANON

LEBANON
Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Lebanese Republic
Confessionalist parliamentary republic
Tammam Salam (acting President)
Tammam Salam (designated)

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats)

Change and Reform bloc (Free Patriotic Movemen [19];
Lebanese Democratic Party [4]; Marada [3]; Others [3])
March 8 Alliance (Amal Movement [13]; Hezbollah [12];
Syrian Social Nationalist Party [2]; Arab Socialist
Baath Party [2])

29
29

Pro-Government Independents (Progressive

Socialist Party [7]; Glory Movement [2]; Other [1])
March 14 Alliance (Future Movement [26]; Lebanese
Forces [8]; Kataeb Party [5]; Murr Bloc [2];
Others [6]; Independents [11])

10
60

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Beirut (2.02)
Tripoli (0.19); Sidon (0.08)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

10,450
4.8
428
87
1.0

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

22
9
1.51
78/82
8

156

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

42,519
14,618
1.4
135.7
-8.7
28,950
4.9
3,787
611
1,655
6,797
7,472
18.0
Imports

Exports

Balance

33,093
20,827
12,266
84.2

28,373
6,234
22,139
68.9

-4,721
-14,593
9,872
-15.3

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

6
20
73
22.8
5.9
22.8
..
..
..
0.2
6.3
1,449
55.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: China (8%), United States (8%), France (8%), Italy (8%),
Germany (5%)
Export: Switzerland (11%), South Africa (10%), United Arab Emirates (10%),
Saudi Arabia (9%), Syria (7%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

93.4/86.0
93
74
46
7.9
2.2
..
4.5
317
60
11
47
80
4.4

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.745
72
35.4
35.0
11.5
4.3
..
0.6
0.1
80.8
71.5
61.3

State of Libya
Provisional parliamentary republic
Nouri Abusahmain (President of the General National Congress)
Abdullah al-Thani

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (General National Congress)
National Forces Alliance (NFA, nationalist and liberal)
39
National Centrist Party
Justice and Construction Party (JCP, Islamist)
17
Wadi Al-Hayah Rally
National Front Party (NFP, liberal and progressive)
3
Other parties
Union for the Homeland Party (liberal)
2
Independents

2
2
15
120

LIBYA

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

LIBYA

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Tripoli (2.20)
Benghazi (1.00); Misrata (0.35); Zawiya (0.20)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

1,759,540
6.2
3
78
0.8

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

29
5
2.38
73/77
13

Economy

Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

81,915
12,686
2.1
..
25.9
..
6.1
..
2,509
..
..
..
..
Imports

Exports

Balance

32,586
25,590
6,996
..

61,178
61,026
152
..

28,592
35,436
-6,844

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

2
78
20
30.0
8.9
23.9
..
..
..

157

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

31.0
13.3
2,186
-132.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: China (12%), Italy (11%), Turkey (11%), Egypt (7%),
Republic of Korea (6%)
Export: Italy (28%), Germany (11%),China (10%), France (10%),
Spain (8%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

95.8/83.3
..
104
..
7.3
..
..
0.7
796
83
3
18
7
3.3

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.769
64
19.0
37.0
3.0
5.4
230
0.1
0.1
155.8
..
14.0

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles
MALTA

MALTA
Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Republic of Malta
Parliamentary republic
Marie Louise Coleiro Preca
Joseph Muscat

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) House of Representatives

Malta Labour Party (MLP, social democracy)
39
Nationalist Party (NP, centre-right)

30

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Valleta (0.006)
Birkirkara (0.02); Qormi (0.01)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

320
0.4
1,302
95
0.8

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

15
16
1.36
79/83
6

158

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

8,845
26,821
1.0
70.8
-3.3
..
3.2
157
-89
1,425
1,465
33
0.4
Imports

Exports

Balance

8,513
5,466
3,047
98.7

9,103
4,216
4,887
105.0

590
-1,249
1,840
6.3

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

2
33
65
38.0
6.4
14.4
1.0
22.1
76.4
0,0
0.9
2,060
94.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Italy (21%), Republic of Korea (12%), China (10%),
Russian Federation (10%), Singapore (5%)
Export: China (8%), Germany (8%), Singapore (7%), France (6%),
Hong Kong (5%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

91.2/93.5
81
86
41
9.9
6.9
0.63
0.1
134
35
1
19
2
0.6

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.847
32
32.5
44.0
8.5
5.9
595
21.5
0.7
127.0
78.0
70.0

Montenegro
Parliamentary republic
Filip Vujanovi
Milo Dukanovi

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats)

Democratic Party of Socialists (centre-left)
Democratic Front (centre-right)
Socialist Peoples Party of Montenegro (SNP, social
democrat)
Social Democratic Party (social-democracy)

31
20
9
8

Positive Montenegro (PCG, Social democrats, ecologists)

Bosniak Party (BS)
Liberal Party of Montenegro (LPCG)
Albanian Coalition
Croatian Civic Initiative (HGI)

7
3
1
1
1

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

MONTENEGRO

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

MONTENEGRO

Podgorica (0.16)
Niksic (0.06); Pljevlja (0.02)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

13,810
0.6
46
63
0.1

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

19
13
1.67
72/77
6

Economy

Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

4,048
11,377
-0.5
54.0
-5.9
2,833
3.6
610
27
1,201
926
327
7.5
Imports

Exports

Balance

2,780
2,286
498
63.9

1,767
503
1,264
38.6

-1,013
-1,783
769
-25.3

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

10
20
70
43.0
19.6
41.3
5.7
18.1
76.2

159

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

0.8
1.2
1,900
33.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Serbia (29%), Greece (9%), China (7%),
Bosnia and Herzegovina (7%), Germany (6%)
Export: Croatia (23%), Serbia (23%), Slovenia (8%),
Bosnia and Herzegovina (8%), Hungary (5%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

99.4/97.6
98
91
56
10.5
..
1.15
..
254
1
39
..
12
1.5

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.791
52
20.3
40.0
9.0
4.0
272
14.8
0.0
181.3
51.3
56.8

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles
MOROCCO

MOROCCO
Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Kingdom of Morocco
Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
King Mohammed VI
Abdelilah Benkirane

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives)

Justice and Development Party (PJD, Islamist)
107
Popular Movement (MP, conservative)
Istiqlal Party (PI, Centre-right, nationalism)
60
Constitutional Union (UC, centrist)
National Rally of Independents (RNI, centre-right, liberal)
52
Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS, communist)
Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM, liberal)
47
Labour Party (PT, Centre-left)
Socialist Union of Peoples Forces (USFP)
39
Others

32
23
18
4
13

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Rabat (1.84)
Casablanca (3.05); Fes (1.09); Marrakech (0.94); Tanger (0.81); Agadir (0.81)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

446,550
33.0
72
57
1.4

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

28
5
2,78
69/72
27

160

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

95,981
5,193
4.2
60.2
-7.3
33,816
1.3
2,836
361
9,342
9,101
6,894
7.0
Imports

Exports

Balance

49,551
41,414
8,136
50.6

34,876
21,410
13,466
35.5

-14,675
-20,004
5,330
-15.1

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

15
30
55
26.3
9.0
17.4
39.2
21.4
39.3
0.8
17.3
539
96.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Spain (16%), France (12%), China (7%), United States (6%),
Saudi Arabia (6%)
Export: France (19%), Spain (16%), India (6%), Brazil (6%),
United States (4%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

71.6/57.6
98
69
16
4.4
5.4
0.64
29.0
428
87
3
7
246
3.8

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.591
130
6.2
11.0
5.4
1.6
65
21.5
2.4
120.0
43.1
55.0

Occupied Palestinian Territories

De jure parliamentary democracy operating de facto as a semi-presidential system
Mahmoud Abbas
Rami Hamdallah

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (Palestinian legislative council has been unable to meet and govern since 2007)
Hamas (Islamists)
74
The Alternative (socialist alliance)
Fatah (nationalists, socialists)
45
Independent Palestine (centre-left)
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP,
3
Third Way (centre)
nationalists, Marxists)
Independents

2
2
2
4

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Ramallah (0.08)[Administrative capital]

Gaza City (0.65); Hebron (0.26); Nablus (0.23); Jenin (0.16); Khan Yunis (0.14)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

6,020
4.3
652
75
3.0

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

41
3
4.05
71/75
19

PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES

Name (UN use):

Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES

Economy

Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
244
-2
449
795
3,895
1.8
Imports

Exports

Balance

6,590
5,426
1,164
..

1,598
695
903
..

-4,992
-4,731
-262
..

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

..
..
..
.
15.2
23.0
34.6
11.5
26.3
62.2

161

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

..
..
..
..

Main Trading Partners

Import: Israel (76%), Turkey (3%), China (3%), Jordan (3%),
Germany (2%)
Export: Israel (88%), Jordan (5%), United States (1%),
Saudi Arabia (1%), Kuwait (1%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

97.9/92.6
90
83
49
8.0
..
..
0.8
112
45
7
0
56
..

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.670
110
..
..
..
..
28
0.6

75.6
53.9
41.1

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles
PORTUGAL

PORTUGAL
Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Portuguese Republic
Semi-presidential constitutional republic
Anbal Cavaco Silva
Pedro Passos Coelho

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (Assembly of the Republic)
Social Democratic Party (PSD)
108
Democratic Unity Coalition (CDU, Portuguese
Socialist Party (PS)
74
Communist Party - Ecologist Party The Greens)
Democratic and Social Centre - Peoples Party (CDS/
24
Left Bloc (BE, socialism / Trotskyism / communism)
PP, Christian democracy)

16
8

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Lisbon (2.84)
Porto (1.37); Vilanova de Gaia (0.29); Amadora (0.18); Braga (0.18)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

92,090
10.6
115
62
-0.4

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

15
19
1.32
77/84
3

162

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

212,257
23,059
-3.2
124.1
-6.5
..
2.8
8,916
1,915
7,412
14,882
3,895
1.8
Imports

Exports

Balance

83,147
69,764
13,383
39.0

82,956
58,406
24,550
39.1

-191
-11,358
11,167
0.1

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

2
23
74
55.4
15.6
37.7
10.5
25.6
63.8
4.8
21.9
2,087
78.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Spain (29%), Germany (11%), France (6%), Italy (5%),
Netherlands (5%)
Export: Spain (22%), Germany (12%), France (12%), Angola (7%),
United Kingdom (4%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

97.0/94.0
99
113
69
7.7
5.6
1.59
68.7
812
73
8
2
90
2.2

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.816
43
..
33.0
10.7
4.5
446
22.3
1.7
116.1
66.0
64.0

Republic of Serbia
Parliamentary republic
Tomislav Nikolic
Aleksandar Vui

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (National Assembly of Serbia)
Serbian Progressive Party (conservatism, pro-european)
136
Social Democratic Party of Serbia (centre-left)
Socialist Party of Serbia (socialism)
25
United Serbia (conservatism, populism)
Democrtic Party (social democracy)
17
Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (regionalism, Minority rights)
New Democrtic Party Coalition (greens, social democracy)
12
League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina (regionalism, centre-left)
Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (left, pensioners interests)
12
Others

10
7
6
6
19

SERBIA

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

SERBIA

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Belgrade (1.66)
Novi Sad (0.34); Nis (0.26); Kragujevac (0.18); Subotica (0.14)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

88,360
9.5
83
57
-0.5

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

16
14
1.37
73/78
6

Economy

Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

38,094
10,835
-1.7
62.4
-7.2
34,438
7.3
650
75
764
1,149
2,754
6.7
Imports

Exports

Balance

..
21,297
..
60.9

..
11,703
..
39.8

..
-9,593
..
-21.0

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

9
27
64
44.3
19.6
45.9
21.0
26.5
52.6

163

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

11.2
16.2
2,230
31.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Russian Federation (11%), Germany (11%), Italy (10%),
China (7%), Hungary (5%)
Export: Germany (12%), Italy (11%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (10%),
Romania (8%), Russian Federation (8%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

99.2/97.0
91
92
52
10.2
4.8
0.92
..
418
2
82
0
28
2.2

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.769
64
21.1
..
10.4
6.9
196
6.3

117.9
50.9
48.1

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles
SLOVENIA

SLOVENIA
Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Republic of Slovenia
Parliamentary constitutional republic
Borut Pahor
Alenka Bratuek

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats)

Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS, conservative)
Positive Slovenia (PS, Social liberalism)
Unaffiliated group
Social Democrats (SD)
Civic List (DL, liberal)

26
13
11
10
8

Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia (DeSUS)

Slovenian Peoples Party (SLS)
New Slovenia - Christian Peoples Party (NSi)
Independents

6
6
4
4

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Ljubljana (0.27)
Maribor (0.13); Celje (0.06); Kranj (0.05)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

20,270
2.1
102
50
0.2

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

14
17
1.50
77/83
3

164

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

45,405
27,837
-2.5
54.3
-3.2
..
2.6
145
-94
2,037
2,953
536
1.2
Imports

Exports

Balance

32,270
27,947
4,323
71.0

34,446
27,804
6,641
74.9

2,175
-143
2,318
3.9

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

2
32
66
52.3
8.8
20.7
8.3
30.8
60.3
3.6
7.1
3,472
50.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Italy (15%), Germany (14%), Austria (7%), China (5%),
Croatia (4%)
Export: Germany (18%), Italy (10%), Austria (7%), Croatia (5%),
France (5%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

99.7/99.7
98
98
86
11.7
5.7
2.11
31.9
462
0
82
0
14
1.2

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.892
21
25.4
46.0
9.0
7.4
520
54.5
0.9
108.6
76.0
74.0

Kingdom of Spain
Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
King Felipe VI
Mariano Rajoy

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (Congress of Deputies)

Peoples Party (PP, conservative)
186
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPD, liberal)
Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE, social democrat)
110
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV, conservative regional)
Convergence and Union (CiU, conservative regional)
16
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC, independentist regional)
United Left (IU-ICV-CHA, left wing)
11
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG, left independentist regional)
Amaiur (left wing independentist regional)
7
Others

5
5
5
2
5

SPAIN

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

SPAIN

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):
Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

Madrid (6.57)
Barcelona (5.57); Valencia (0.80); Sevilla (0.70); Zaragoza (0.67)
505,600
46.9
93
78
0.2

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

15
18
1.50
80/85
4

Economy
1,323,214
29,670
-1.6
85.9
-10.6
..
2.4
27,750
-4,869
56,177
67,698
10,133
0.8

Total trade

Imports

Exports

Balance

in goods and services (millions $)

in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

420,201
329,947
90,253
31.1

434,744
296,951
137,793
32.1

14,544
-32,966
47,540
1.0

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

2
26
72
52.6
25.2
54.3
4.4
20.7
74.9

165

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

32.2
124.7
2,666
74.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Germany (11%), France (11%), China (7%), Italy (6%),
Netherlands (4%)
Export: France (16%), Germany (10%), Italy (7%), Portugal (7%),
United Kingdom (6%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

98.5/97.0
100
131
86
10.4
5.0
1.39
111.5
964
61
22
100
216
0.9

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.885
23
39.6
32.0
9.6
5.9
482
29.0
1.3
108.6
74.0
72.0

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles

SYRIA

SYRIA

National Progressive Front (NFP, coalition led by the

Baath Party)

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Syrian Arab Republic

Dominant-party semi-presidential state
Bashar al-Assad
Wael Nader al-Halqi

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (Peoples Council of Syria)
168

Popular Front for Change and Liberation

(coalition of opponents of the regime)
Independents

5
77

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Damascus (2.65)
Aleppo (3.16); Homs (1.37); Hamah (0.93); Latakia (0.43)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

185,180
21.9
120
56
2.0

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

35
4
3.00
72/78
12

166

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

..
..
..
..
..
4,736
..
..
..
5,070
..
2,079
3.8
Imports

Exports

Balance

..
7,893
..
..

..
4,202
..
..

..
-3,691
..
..

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

..
..
..
13.4
8.3
19.3
14.3
32.7
53.0
23.6
20.0
910
18.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: China (11%), Saudi Arabia (10%), Turkey (8%), Italy (6%),
Russian Federation (6%)
Export: Iraq (47%), Saudi Arabia (11%), Kuwait (7%),
United Arab Emirates (6%), Lebanon (4%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

90.3/77.7
93
74
26
5.7
5.1
..
16.8
867
88
4
0
178
4.1

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.648
116
15.0
15.0
3.4
2.6
36
0.7
0.6
59.3
40.4
24.3

the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Parliamentary republic
Gjorge Ivanov
Nikola Gruevski

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (Assembly of the Republic)
Coalition: Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
56
Democratic Union for Integration (BDI/DUI,
Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian
Albanian minority)
National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE) and allies
Democratic Party of Albanians (PDS/DPA,
Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (SDSM) and allies
42
Albanian minority)
National Democratic Revival (NDR, centre-left)

15
8

FYROM

Provisional reference:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

FYROM

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Skopje (0.50)
Bitola (0.12); Kumanovo (0.10)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

2,571
2.1
83
59
0.1

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

17
12
1.44
73/77
7

Economy

Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

9,585
10,442
-0.3
34.1
-3.9
6,678
3.3
135
-8
327
242
393
4.2
Imports

Exports

Balance

7,240
6,247
993
77.6

5,042
3,990
1,052
53.6

-2,198
-2,257
59
-24.0

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

11
26
63
42.9
23.1
53.8
17.3
29.9
52.8

167

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

1,8
3.1
1,484
43.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Greece (12%), Germany (10%), United Kingdom (9%),
Serbia (8%), Bulgaria (6&)
Export: Germany (29%), Serbia (17%), Bulgaria (7%), Italy (7%),
Greece (5%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

98.7/96.0
88
83
39
8.2
..
0.23
6.4
502
12
21
67
8
1.2

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.740
78
26.2
46.0
6.6
4.4
152
7.3

106.2
53.6
63.2

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society

Country Profiles
TUNISIA

TUNISIA
Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Republic of Tunisia
Semi-Presidential Republic
Moncef Marzouki
Mehdi Jomaa

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (National Constituent Assembly)
Ennahda (Islamist)
89
Republican Party (securalism, liberalism)
Congress for the Republic (social democratic)
17
Call for Tunisia (big tent, secularism)
Popular Petition (populism)
14
Democratic Alliance Party
Wafa Movement (secularism, leftism)
12
Social Democratic Path (centre-left)
Ettakatol (social democratic)
11
Others

11
11
10
7
40

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):

Tunis (0.98)
Sfax (0.86); Sousse (0.54); Ettadhamen (0.42); Gabs (0.34)

Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

163,610
11.0
69
77
1.0

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

23
7
2.02
73/77
14

168

Economy
GDP & Debt
GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):
Total trade
in goods and services (millions $)
in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

45,425
9,650
3.6
44.3
-5.2
25,475
5.6
1,918
13
4,782
2,529
2,198
4.8
Imports

Exports

Balance

26,452
23,102
3,350
58.0

22,250
16,997
5,253
48.9

-4,202
-6,105
1,903
-9.1

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

9
30
61
25.1
12.8
29.3
16.2
33.5
49.3
7.5
9.5
890
21.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: France (20%), Italy (17%), Germany (9%), China (6%),
Spain (5%)
Export: France (26%), Italy (16%), Germany (9%), Libya (8%),
United States (4%)

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society
Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

87.4/71.1
99
91
35
6.5
6.2
1.10
4.6
296
76
4
13
48
2.0

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.712
94
12.2
21.0
5.7
2.0
91
5.4
2.7
118.1
19.1
41.4

Republic of Turkey
Parliamentary republic
Abdullah Gl
Recep Tayyip Erdoan

Political Parties represented in the current Parliament (seats) (Grand National Assembly)
Justice and Development Party (AKP, Islamism, conservatism)
318
Peace and Democracy Party (BDP, Democratic
Republican Peoples Party (CHP, social democracy, laicism)
134
socialism, Kurdish)
Nationalist Movement Party (MHP, Turkish nationalism)
52
Democratic Party of the people
Others

26
4
16

TURKEY

Official Name:
Form of Government:
Head of State:
Head of Government:

Country Profiles

TURKEY

Population
Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions):
Main urban agglomerations (population in millions):
Area km2:
Population (millions):
Population density (hab/km2):
Urban population (%):
Average annual population growth rate (%):

Ankara (4.19)
Istanbul (11.25); Izmir (2.93); Bursa (1.71); Adana (1.46); Gaziantep (1.20); Konya (1.06)
783,560
74.9
95
72
1.3

Population age <15 (%):

Population age >64 (%):
Total fertility rate (births per woman):
Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years):
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive):

26
7
2.05
72/78
12

Economy
788,042
14,812
2.2
36.2
-1.8
337,492
8.9
12,419
4,073
34,654
30,093
940
0.1

Total trade

Imports

Exports

Balance

in goods and services (millions $)

in goods (millions $)
in services (millions $)
in goods and services (% GDP)

249,702
228,698
21,004
31.6

204,722
163,331
41,319
26.1

-44,980
-65,367
20,386
-5.5

Economic Sectors
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP):
Industry, value added (% of GDP):
Services, value added (% of GDP):
Labour market
Labour participation rate, female (%):
Unemployment rate (%):
Youth unemployment rate (%):
Employment in
Agriculture (% of total employment):
Industry (% of total employment):
Services (% of total employment):
Energy
Production (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption (millions mt oil eq):
Consumption per capita (kg oil eq):
Import (% energy used):

9
27
64
29.4
9.2
17.0
23.6
26.0
50.4

169

GDP & Debt

GDP (millions $):
GDP per capita ($, PPP) :
GDP growth (%):
Public Debt (in % GDP):
Public Deficit (in % of GDP):
External Debt (millions $):
Inflation Rate (%):
FDI
Inflows (millions $):
Outflows (millions $):
International tourism
Tourists arrivals (000):
Tourism receipts (million $):
Migrant remittances
Receipts (millions $):
Receipts (in % GDP):

31.1
115.7
1,564
73.0

Main Trading Partners

Import: Russian Federation (11%), Germany (9%), China (9%),
United States (6%), Italy (6%)
Export: Germany (9%), Iraq (7%), Iran (7%), United Kingdom (6%),
United Arab Emirates (4%)

Education
Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%):
Net enrolment rate (primary):
Gross enrolment rate (secondary):
Gross enrolment rate (tertiary):
Mean years of schooling:
Public expenditure jn education (% of GDP):
R&D expenditure (% of GDP):
Water
Water resources (km3):
Water withdrawal (m3 per capita):
Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture):
Water withdrawal by sector (% industry):
Desalinated water production (millions m3):
Security
Total armed forces (000):
Military expenditure (% GDP):

97.9/90.3
96
86
69
6.5
2.9
0.84
211.6
573
74
11
1
613
2.3

Development
Human Development Index (Value):
Human Development Index (Position in ranking):
Health
Physicians density (per 10,000):
Hospital beds (per 10,000):
Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP):
Emissions
CO2 Emissions (mt per capita):
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people):
Protected areas
Terrestrial (% of total land area) :
Marine (% of territorial waters):
ICT
Mobile subscriptions (per 100):
Households with computer (per 100):
Internet users (per 100):

0.722
90
17.1
25.0
6.7
3.9
110
2.1
2.4
91.5
50.2
45.1

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014

Society