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Lecture 47+48

1)
2)

Brain stem
Cerebellum

Brain Stem anterior view


1. Optic chiasm
2. Optic nerve
3. Optic tract
4. Medial sulcus of the crus cerebri
5. Oculomotor nerve
6. Pons
7. Pyramidal eminence of the pons
8. Retroolivary fossa
9. Oliva
10. Posterolateral sulcus
11. Decusssation of the pyramids
12. Anterolateral sulcus
13. Lateral funiculus
14. Pyramid
15. Foramen caecum
16. Middle cerebellar pedunculus
17. Trigeminal nerve
18. Crus cerebri
19. Interpeduncular fossa, posterior perforate
substance
20. Mammillary body

21. Tuber cinereum


22. Infundibulum

Brain stem
{

Motor and sensory nuclei for cranial


nerves
Motor and sensory nerve fiber tracts
between the forbrain and the spinal
cord
Reticular formation

Reticular formation
{

Contains the
respiratory
center located at
the border
between the
medulla and
pons
Reticular
activating center
(RAS) located in
the
mesencephalon.
Sends
projections via
the thalamus to
activate the
neocortex.

Brain stem. Dorsal view.

Cranial nerver important for human


biologists
{

Nr.5, nervus trigeminus (ganglion


semilunare Gasseri)
Nr.10, nervus vagus. Contains
parasympathetic fibers to the neck,
thorax, and 2/3s of the abdomen.
Nr.3, nervus oculomotorius.
Contains parasympathetic fibers to
the constrictor muscle of the pupil.

Cerebellum

Surface covered by folia (folium), which are covered by cortex cerebelli

Cortex cerebelli
{

Molecular
layer
Punkinje
cell layer
Granular
layer

The cerebellum is connected with the brain stem with 3


paired pedunculi (legs), pedunculus cerebellaris superior,
medius et inferior.

Cerebellum receives an afferent input from neocortex and


sends an efferent input back.

Cerebellum receives
Proprioceptive
information from the
muscles via the spinal
cord (spinocerebellar
Tracts)

Cerebellum is involved in coordination of


movements.
Cerebellar lesions give the following symptoms:
{
{
{

Vertigo (positive Rombers test


Ataxia (uncoordinates muscle
movements
Hypotonia (low blood pressure)

Lecture 47+48
1)
2)

Brain stem
Cerebellum

Brain Stem anterior view


1. Optic chiasm
2. Optic nerve
3. Optic tract
4. Medial sulcus of the crus cerebri
5. Oculomotor nerve
6. Pons
7. Pyramidal eminence of the pons
8. Retroolivary fossa
9. Oliva
10. Posterolateral sulcus
11. Decusssation of the pyramids
12. Anterolateral sulcus
13. Lateral funiculus
14. Pyramid
15. Foramen caecum
16. Middle cerebellar pedunculus
17. Trigeminal nerve
18. Crus cerebri
19. Interpeduncular fossa, posterior perforate
substance
20. Mammillary body

21. Tuber cinereum


22. Infundibulum

Brain stem
{

Motor and sensory nuclei for cranial


nerves
Motor and sensory nerve fiber tracts
between the forbrain and the spinal
cord
Reticular formation

Reticular formation
{

Contains the
respiratory
center located at
the border
between the
medulla and
pons
Reticular
activating center
(RAS) located in
the
mesencephalon.
Sends
projections via
the thalamus to
activate the
neocortex.

Brain stem. Dorsal view.

Cranial nerver important for human


biologists
{

Nr.5, nervus trigeminus (ganglion


semilunare Gasseri)
Nr.10, nervus vagus. Contains
parasympathetic fibers to the neck,
thorax, and 2/3s of the abdomen.
Nr.3, nervus oculomotorius.
Contains parasympathetic fibers to
the constrictor muscle of the pupil.

Cerebellum

Surface covered by folia (folium), which are covered by cortex cerebelli

Cortex cerebelli
{

Molecular
layer
Punkinje
cell layer
Granular
layer

The cerebellum is connected with the brain stem with 3


paired pedunculi (legs), pedunculus cerebellaris superior,
medius et inferior.

Cerebellum receives an afferent input from neocortex and


sends an efferent input back.

Cerebellum receives
Proprioceptive
information from the
muscles via the spinal
cord (spinocerebellar
Tracts)

Cerebellum is involved in coordination of


movements.
Cerebellar lesions give the following symptoms:
{
{
{

Vertigo (positive Rombers test


Ataxia (uncoordinates muscle
movements
Hypotonia (low blood pressure)

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