SWITCHYARD Presentation Transcript:

1. What is a Switchyard ?
It is a switching station which has the following credits :
(i) Main link between Generating plant and Transmission system, which has a
large influence on the security of the supply.
(ii) Step-up and/or Step-down the voltage levels depending upon the Network
Node.
(iii) Switching ON/OFF Reactive Power Control devices, which has effect on
Quality of power.
2. SWITCHYARD EQUIPMENTS
Equipments commonly found in switchyard :
Lightening arrestor
Current transformer
Voltage transformer
Power transformers / I.C.T.
Bus bar and clamp fittings
Support structure
Isolators
Circuit Breaker
Wave traps
Earthing switch
3. Functions of various equipment :
* Transformers : - Transforms the voltage levels from higher to lower level or
vice versa, keeping the power constant.
* Circuit breakers : - Makes or automatically breaks the electrical circuits under
Loaded condition.
* Isolators : - Opens or closes the electrical circuits under No-load conditions.
* Instrument transformers : - For stepping-down the electrical parameter
(Voltage or Current) to a lower and safe value for Metering and Protection
logics.
* Earth switch : - Used to connect the charged body to ground to discharge the
trapped charge to have a safe maintenance zone.
4. Functions of various equipment :
* Lightning arrestors : - Safe guards the equipment by discharging the high
currents due to Lightning.
* Overhead earth wire : - Protects the O/H transmission line from Lightning
strokes.
* Bus bar : - Conductors to which a number of circuits are connected.
* Wave Traps/Line traps : - Used in PLCC circuits for Communication and
Protection of Transmission lines * Reactive Power control devices : - Controls
the reactive power imbalance in the grid by switching ON/OFF the Shunt
Reactors, Shunt Capacitors etc.,
* Current Limiting Reactors : - Limits the Short circuit currents in case of faulty

conditions.
5. Bus Switching Schemes :
Bus Bar Schemes
* Single Sectionalised bus
* Main & Transfer bus
* Sectionalised Main bus with Transfer bus
* Sectionalised Double Main & Transfer bus
Breaker Schemes
* Ring bus
* One and Half breaker
* Double bus Double breaker
6. Factors effecting the selection of Switching Scheme :
* System Security
* Operational Flexibility
* Simplicity of Protection arrangements
* Ability to limit the Short Circuit levels
* Maintenance
* Ease of extension
* Total land area
* Cost
7. What is a Switchgear ?
The apparatus used for Switching, Controlling and Protecting the Electrical
Circuits and equipment.
Need of Switchgear :
* Switching during normal operating conditions for the purpose of Operation
and Maintenance.
* Switching during Faults and Abnormal conditions and interrupting the fault
currents.
8. Relay :
A device that detects the fault and initiates the operation of the Circuit breaker
to isolate the defective element from the rest of the system.
* The relays detect the abnormal conditions in the electrical circuits by
constantly measuring the electrical quantities which are different under normal
and faulty conditions.
9. Requirements of Protecting relaying :
Selectivity - Ability to select the faulty part and isolate that part without
disturbing the rest of the system. Speed - Ability to disconnect the faulty part at
the earliest possible time.
Sensitivity - Ability of the relay to operate with low value of actuating quantity.
Reliability - Ability of the system to operate under pre-determined conditions

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