Professional Documents
Culture Documents
April 9, 2014
Handout #8
1. Operations on signals (Lathi & Ding 2.3-3). For the signal g(t) shown below, sketch:
a. g(t 4);
b. g(t/1.5);
c. g(2t 4);
d. g(2 t).
Hint: Recall that replacing t with t T delays the signal by T . Thus g(2t 4) is g(2t) with t
replaced by t 2. Similarly, g(2 t) is g(t) with t replaced by t 2.
2. Orthogonal signals (Lathi & Ding 2.5-5). The energies of two energy signals x(t) and y(t) are Ex
and Ey , respectively.
a. If x(t) and y(t) are orthogonal, then show that the energy of the signal x(t) + y(t) is identical
to the energy of the signal x(t) y(t) and is given by Ex + Ey .
b. If x(t) and y(t) are orthogonal, find the energies of the signals c1 x(t)+c2 y(t) and c1 x(t)c2 y(t).
c. We define Exy , the correlation of the two energy signals x(t) and y(t), as
Z
Exy =
x(t)y (t) dt .
j2f
e
1
.
(2f )2
Use this information, and time-shifting and time-scaling properties, to find the Fourier transforms
of the signals shown is Fig. P3.3-2b, c, d, e, and f.
c. A similar relationship can be found for x(t) = m(t) sin(2fc t). Find it, and use it to find the
Fourier transform of
(
sin(2t) |t| < 1/2
x(t) =
0
|t| > 1/2
without performing any integration. Does the Fourier transform have the properties you would
expect (even/odd/neither, real/imaginary/complex)?
d. Show that m(t) can be recovered from x(t) = m(t) cos(2fc t) by multiplying by 2 cos(2fc t)
and passing the product through a low-pass filter of bandwidth B Hz, where B is the bandwidth
of m(t). Assume that B fc .
5. Essential bandwidth (Lathi & Ding 3.7-4). For the signal
g(t) =
t2
2a
+ a2
determine in hertz the essential bandwidth B of g(t) such that the energy contained in the spectral
components of g(t) of frequencies below B Hz is 99% of the signal energy Eg . Hint: determine
G(f ) by applying the duality property [Eq. (3.26)] to pair 3 of Table 3.1.
6. Autocorrelation and PSD. Show that the autocorrelation function of g(t) = A cos(2f0 t + 0 ) is
Rg ( ) = 12 A2 cos(2f0 ) and that the corresponding PSD is Sg (f ) = 14 A (f f0 ) + (f + f0 ) .
7. Output SNR of linear system (Lathi & Ding 3.8-5). Consider a linear system with impulse response
e2t u(t). The linear system input is
b. Find the output power of the signal component due to the sinusoidal input.
c. Find the output power of the noise component.
d. Determine the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in decibels.
Page 2 of 2