SL TYPE I

Emelia Kasusky Zern

Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Puebla

Circles
Aim: The aim of this task is to investigate positions of points in intersecting circles.
The following diagram shows a circle C1 with center O and radius r, and any point P.

The circle C2 has center P and radius OP. Let A be one of the points of intersection of C1
and C2. Circle C3 has center A, and radius r. The point P is the intersection of C3 with
(OP). This is shown in the diagram below.

Let
what you notice and write a general statement to represent this.

AP=2

A0=1

OP=2

At first it can be seen how AO (That it is equal to r) is equal to 1. The second line that
has a value is the line OP, which value is 2. The line AP is symmetrical with the OP line;
both part from the center of the C2 circle and also have a value until the circles
ending. So it can be said that the value of the line AP is equal to 2 also because both
are radius from C2. Having two lines with the same values guides to the conclusion
that the triangle formed by the lines AO, OP and AP is isosceles.
By being an isosceles, in the triangle OPA it can be calculated the value of the angle O
by the use of the law of cosines, where a=AP, b=AO and c=OP.
The formula is:
By substituting it is obtained the next procedure:
CosC=(2^2+1^2-2^2)/2(2*1)
CosC=(4+14)/2(2)
CosC=1/4
CosC=.25
C= 75.522
AP=2
28.95

A0=1

75.522

OP=2

AP=1

It is relevant that the line AO is symmetrical with the AP line (In red). It can be said
that the value of the line AP is equal to 1. Having two lines with the same values
guides to the conclusion that the triangle formed by the lines AOP is isosceles.
Subtracting to 180 twice the quantity of the angle obtained, it is known the opposite
angle of the missing line OP. The angle is 28.95.
Taking into account that AO=1 and AP=1, it can be used the cosine law again. Where
a=AP, b=AO and c=OP.
The formula is:
By substituting the obtained values:
c^2=1^2+1^2-(2(1*1)(cos28.95))
c^2=1+1-(2(.87))
c^2=2-(1.75)
c=.25 .499
In conclusion, the value of the line OP when OP=2 is .499
Whenever OP and AP are equal to 3:
CosC=(3^2+1^23^2)/2(3*1)
CosC=(9+19)/2(3)
CosC=1/6
CosC=.166
C= 80.405
A0=1

AP=3
19.19
80.405

AP=1

OP=3

The line AO is symmetrical with the AP line (In red). Subtracting to 180 twice the
quantity of the angle obtained, it is known the opposite angle of the missing line OP.
The angle is 19.19.
Taking into account that AO=1 and AP=1, it can be used the cosine law. Where a=AP,
b=AO and c=OP.
By substituting the obtained values:
c^2=1^2+1^2-(2(1*1)(cos19.19))
c^2=1+1-(2(.944))

c^2=2-(1.88)
c=.12 .333
In conclusion the value of OP (represented with blue) when OP=3 is .333
Whenever OP and AP are equal to 4:
CosC=(4^2+1^2-4^2)/2(4*1)
CosC=(16+1-16)/2(4)
CosC=1/8
CosC=.125
C= 82.819
AP=4
A0=4

15.562
82.819

AP=1

OP=4

The line AO is symmetrical with the AP line (In red). Subtracting to 180 twice the
quantity of the angle obtained, it is known the opposite angle of the missing line OP.
This angle is 15.562.
Taking into account that AO=1 and AP=1, it can be used the cosine law. Where a=AP,
b=AO and c=OP.
By substituting the obtained values in the cosine law:
c^2=1^2+1^2-(2(1*1)(cos15.652))
c^2=1+1-(2(.962))
c^2=2-(1.925)
c=.074 .272
In conclusion, the value of the line OP when OP=4 is .272

General Statement
Whenever the line of OP increases its size, the angle of AOP gets closer to 90. When
the angle gets closer to 90 the smaller the line of OP is. By conclusion, it can be said
that when the angle of the AOP is near 90 the value of OP will be near to zero. When
the lines have finally a 90 angle, then theoretically the lines AO and AP will pass
through the same points forming a vertical line.

Let
OP=2.
OP,

Find
when
4.
AP=2
A0=[2,3,4]

OP=2

Describe what you notice and write a general statement to represent this. Comment
whether or not this statement is consistent with your earlier statement.

The properties now from the radius change from AO=1 to AO=2, AO=3 and AO=4. The
value of OP is 2 thus the value of AP its equal to 2. Through the law of cosines it is
obtain the AOP angle, where a=AP, b=AO and c=OP.
By substituting it is obtained that whenever OP and AP are equal to 2 and AO (r) is equal
to 2:
CosC=(2^2+2^2-2^2)/2(2*2)
CosC=(4+4-4)/2(4)

CosC=4/8
CosC=.5
C= 60

The line AO=2 is symmetrical with the AP line (In red), both are the radius of the C3
circle, so both have the same value, 2.
Subtracting to 180 twice the quantity of the angle obtained, it is known the value of
opposite angle of the missing line OP. The opposite angle is 60.
Taking into account that AO=2 and AP=2, it can be used the cosine law to obtain OP
value. Where a=AP, b=AO and c=OP.
By substituting the obtained values in the cosine law it is obtained:
c^2=2^2+2^2-(2(2*2)(cos60))
c^2=4+4-(2(4)(.5))
c^2=8-(4)
c=4 = 2.
In conclusion, the value of the line OP when AO=2 is 2.
Through the law
of cosines it is
obtain the AOP
angle,
where
a=AP, b=AO and
c=OP. Whenever
OP and AP are
equal to 2 and AO
(r) is equal to 3, by
substituting it is
obtained:
CosC=(2^2+3^2-2^2)/2(2*3)
CosC=(4+9-4)/2(6)

AP=2
60

A0=2

60

AP=2

OP=2

CosC=9/12
CosC=.75
C= 41.409

AP=2
40

A0=4

90

OP=2

The line AO=3 is

symmetrical with

AP=2

the AP line (In

97.18
40

A0=3

41.409

AP=3

OP=2
red). So both lines
have the same
value,
3.
Subtracting to 180
twice the quantity of the angle obtained, it is known the value of opposite angle of the
missing line OP. The opposite angle is 97.18.
Taking into account that AO=3 and AP=3, it can be used the cosine law to obtain OP
value. Where a=AP, b=AO and c=OP.
By substituting the obtained values in the cosine law it is obtained:
c^2=3^2+3^2-(2(3*3)(cos97.18))
c^2=9+9+(2.249)
c^2=20.249
c=20.249 4.499
In conclusion, the value of the line OP when AO=3 is 4.499
Through the law of cosines it is obtain the AOP angle, where a=AP, b=AO and c=OP.
By substituting it is obtained that whenever OP and AP are equal to 2 and AO (r) is equal
to 4:
CosC=(2^2+4^2-2^2)/2(2*4)
CosC=(4+16-4)/2(8)
CosC=16/16

CosC=1
C= 0

AP=4
The line AO=4 is symmetrical with the AP line (In red). So both lines have the same
value, 4. Subtracting to 180 twice the quantity of the angle obtained, it is known the
value of opposite angle of the missing line OP. The opposite angle is 0.
Taking into account that AO=4 and AP=4, it can be used the cosine law to obtain OP
value. Where a=AP, b=AO and c=OP.
By substituting the obtained values in the cosine law it is obtained:
c^2=4^2+4^2-(2(4*4)(cos180))
c^2=32-(2(16)(-1))
c^2=32+32=0
c=64 = 8.
In conclusion, the value of the line OP when AO=4 is 8.

General Statement
The bigger the number is in the change of AO (radius) the greater the OAP angle
becomes. When the OAP angle grows, the angle of AOP and APO become smaller and
thus the line OP becomes bigger.
The lines arrive to a point where the lines AO and AP form a perfectly alined and
continuous horizontal line, in which the line OP passes. OP and the union of AO and AP
form a horizontal line, coexisting in the same points.
Use technology to investigate other values of r and OP. Find the general statement for
OP.
Thinking about how we have being using the variables OP, OP and OA (r) it can be
said that are considered as independent and dependent variables. With the use of the
page WolframAlpha.com the different values are analyzed in order to verify or refute
the statements already given. For all the exercises a formula could be proposed:
y=r^2/x.
At first it is considered an accurate formula because in the first statement r had a
value 1 that in this formula elevated to the second power does not change. OP values
are the independent variables because they have a direct effect in the measure of OP.
In the first type of variables OP is x and OP is y. OP=1^2/OP, if we start testing
numbers that were already used, it can be seen that for example, after computing

y=1^2/2, the value obtained of y is or .5, this differs only by .001 with the actual
result obtained in the first exercise.
After plotting several points the next table was created:
x
values y values (OP)
(OP)
4
.25
7
.142
11
.0909
16
.0625
19
.0526
23
.0434
30
.0333
Through the observation of these points and their sequence the general statement of
the first OP and OP relationship is accomplished. The greater the value of OP, the
smaller the value of OP will be creating wide angles in the base with the limit of
having 90 each and a narrower angle in the top of the triangle, which is essential in
this case, for having the value of OP.
This graph made in Grapher represents the function of the first way o f seeing the
variables, first of all it can be seen the presence of an asymptote in the y and x axis, so
the values of OP or OP could never be zero. Again the higher the x points are in the
graph, the closer they are to the x-axis and so the lower y values are. Also the lower
the y-values are, the higher x values we encounter. The first five coordinates of the list
are encountered in the right part of the graph.
Secondly it was made the plot of different points where the formula was OP=x^2/2,

leaving as an independent variable the values of r, making static the value of OP, by
working only with the number 2 and using again the y values to represent the OP.

x
values
(OP)
1.2
By seeing this 2
to mention is the 7
equation form a 11
values. This acts as 15
usable
the 19
be seen that no 27
values are going to 31

y
values
(OP)
.72
graph the first thing that is important
2
limit of it. The values obtained by this
24.5
parabola that does not have negative
60.5
a limit for the PO values, only are
112.5
numbers above the x- axis. Also it can
180.5
mattering the sign of the x values, y
364.5
be always positive and grow in number
480.5

when the x-values grow. The first four points of the graph are located in the right part
of the parabola.

General Statement

The PO is dependent of the changes produced in each variable, for example the value
of PO and the value of r in the C3, which is AO. First of all they depend of the factor PO,

this dictates that the value of PO cannot be 0 when treating with a longer line (PO)
that de PO. The second restriction is that depending of an adjacent line, that forms an
isosceles triangle with another one and the base. This type of variable dictates that it
negative value of PO are inexistent. This however does not have a limit in x-values so
PO considers every number.

Explain how you arrived at the general statement. 11

Use technology to investigate other values of r and OP. Find the general statement for
OP.
Test the validity of your general statement by using different values of OP and r.
Discuss the scope and/or limitations of the general statement.
Explain how you arrived at the general statement.
At first it can be seen how A0 (That it is equal to r) is equal to 1. This line is
symmetrical with the AP line, so it can be said that the value of the line AP is equal to
one also. Having two lines with the same values guides to the conclusion that the
triangle formed by the lines AO, OP and AP is isosceles.