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Structural elements
3D beam element
Lecture plan
node 1
node 2
Node 2
Node 2
N + bdx + N + dN = 0
dN
+b =0
dx
N = A
Material property or constitutive relation (Hooks law)
Kinematic relation or geometric relation
axial deformation equation
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boundary conditions
distributed load
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Nodes
coordinate
Node number
Elements
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Matrix notation
nodal values (dof)
shape functions
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u1=1
u7=1
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u3=1
u5=1
u9=1
u11=1
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Vertical equilibrium
Moment equilibrium around left end, counter clockwise
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Simple support
Fixed support
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Integrate by parts
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boundary conditions
distributed load
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C0 continuity
C1 continuity
We have four node values available, i.e. four shape functions giving
the deformation shape
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u3=1
u11=1
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FE approximation
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natural boundary
conditions, cancels
between elements.
Only at supports they
have a value
(reactions).
consistent load
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The local element dof are u3, u5, u9 and u11, i.e. the stiffness should be added
to rows and columns 3, 5, 9 and 11. This is easily done by
Kel([3 5 9 11],[3 5 9 11]) =
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u6=1
u5=1
u12=1
u11=1
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u4=1
u10=1
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Torsional stiffness
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Torsion
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The dofs are u4 and u10 , i.e. the stiffness matrix should enter the
corresponding rows and columns
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transformation matrix
This relation is valid for any vector, e.g. displacement, rotation, force
or moment vector.
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@ux
N = EA
@x
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Exercise: 3Dframe
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