Tripoli University

Faculty of Engineering- Civil Engineering Department

CE 564 Concrete Technology
Fall 2014 Monday and Thursday
Time 800 to 930
Textbook: 1. Properties of Concrete Fourth Edition A. M. Neville, 2011
2. Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures. 15th Edition Portland Cement
Association, 2011
3. Journals - American Concrete Institute (ACI) , American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE), Magazine of Concrete Research (MCR), India Concrete Journal (ICJ),
Elsevier journals (Cement and Concrete Research (CCR), Case Studies in
Construction Materials (CSCM), Construction and Building Materials (CBM))

4. Conferences (Local and International).

Contents:
1. Definition of Cement, Types of Portland cement.
2. Aggregates for Concrete. Lightweight concrete. Porous concrete--No fine Concrete.
Normal weight concrete and Heavy weight concrete.
3. Concrete Mix Design. (Proportioning of Concrete Mixes).
Properties of Hardened Concrete:
3.1 Compressive strength.
3.2 Tensile strength (Split test and Double Punch test).
3.3 Flexure strength.
3.4 Elasticity.
3.5 Core Test. (Destructive Testing).
4. Volume Changes of Concrete. Deformation
4.1 Plastic Shrinkage. (Plastic Settlement).
4.2 Drying Shrinkage.
5. Durability of Concrete. Problems
5.1 Sulfate Attack.
5.2 Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity.
5.3 Chloride Attack.
5.4 Carbonation.
6. In-situ Testing of Concrete. (Non-Destructive Testing) and (Destructive Testing).
6.1 Rebound Hammer. (Schmidt Hammer).
6.2 Ultrasonic pulse velocity method.
6.3 half cell.
6.4 Test Core. (Destructive Testing).
6.5 Concrete Dust.
6.6 Loading Test.
7. Guide to Implementation of Concrete Repair.
Professor Hakim Abdelgader
Department of Civil Engineering, Tripoli University
hakimsa@poczta.onet.pl
Voting member ACI 221, 237, 304,444 555 and 706
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/case-studies-in-construction-materials/editorialboard/http://revue.ummto.dz/index.php/JMES/about/editorialPolicies#custom0http://www.columbia.edu/cu/civileng/announcements/hakim/index.html

1. Fundamentals of concrete.
1) Concrete Components (Cement, Water, Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate )

2. Manufacture of Portland cement.

2) Portland cement was first patented in 1824
3) North America
4) Canada

1871 Coplay, Pennsylvania

1889 Hull, Quebec

5) Primary Components of Raw Materials Necessary for Portland Cement Manufacture

1. Calcium 2. Silica 3. Alumina 4. Iron

3. Hydration of Portland cement.

Hydration begins as soon as cement comes in contact with water.

4. Types of Portland cement ASTM C 150 (AASHTO M 85)

1) Normal I
2) Moderate sulfate resistance II
3) High early strength III
4) Low heat of hydration IV
5) High sulfate resistance

6) Normal, air-entraining
7)

White Portland Cement

8) Portland blast-furnace slag cement ASTM C 595 (AASHTO M 240)

5. Chemical Composition.
Type of Portland
cement

Chemical composition, %
SiO2

A l2O3

F e2O3

18.7-22.0 4.7-6.3

1.6-4.4

CaO

MgO

S O3

N a2O

1.8-4.6

0.11-1.20

3.0

0.61

2.1-4.0

0.05-1.12

2.7

0.51

2.5-4.6

0.14-1.20

3.5

0.56

1.7-2.5

0.29-0.42

2.2

0.36

1.8-3.6

0.24-0.76

2.3

0.48

Normal
I

(min-max)

(mean)
Moderate sulfate resistance
II

(min-max)

(mean)
High early strength
III

(min-max)

(mean)
Low heat of hydration
IV

(min-max)

(mean)
High sulfate resistance
V

(min-max)
(mean)

20.5

5.4

20.0-23.2 3.4-5.5
21.2

4.6

18.6-22.2 2.8-6.3
20.6

4.9

21.5-22.8 3.5-5.3
22.2

4.6

20.3-23.4 2.4-5.5
21.9

3.9

2.6
2.4-4.8
3.5
1.3-4.9
2.8
3.7-5.9
5.0

3.2-6.1
4.2

60.6-66.3 0.7-4.2
63.9

2.1

60.2-65.9 0.6-4.8
63.8

2.1

60.6-65.9 0.6-4.6
63.4

2.2

62.0-63.4 1.0-3.8
62.5

1.9

61.8-66.3 0.6-4.6
63.8

2.2

White (min-max)

22.0-24.4

2.2-5.0

0.2-0.6

22.7

4.1

0.3

(mean)

63.9-68.7 0.3-1.4
66.7

0.9

2.3-3.1

0.09-0.38

2.7

0.18

The approximate percentage of each compound can be calculated from a chemical oxide
analysis (ASTM C 114 or AASHTO T 105). The equations suggested by Bogue for calculating
the percentage of major compounds are given below.
C3S %=4.07 (CaO)-7.6 ( SiO2)-6.72 (A l2O3) -1.43 (F e2O3) -2.85 (S O3)
C2S %=2.87 (SiO2)-0.754 ( 3 CaO* SiO2)
C3A %=2.65 (A l2O3)-1.69 (Fe2O3)
C4AF %=3.04 (Fe2O3)
Type of Portland
cement

Potential compound composition,%,

C3S

C2S

C3A

C4AF

Blaine fineness m2/kg

40-63

9-31

6-14

5-13

300-421

54

18

10

369

37-68

6-32

2-8

7-15

318-480

55

19

11

377

III (min-max)

46-71

4-27

0-13

4-14

390-644

(mean)
Low heat of

55

17

548

IV (min-max)

21.5-22.8

27-36

3-4

11-18

319-362

(mean)
High sulfate

42

32

15

340

V (min-max)

43-70

11-31

0-5

10-19

275-430

(mean)
White

54

22

13

373

(min-max)

51-72

9-25

5-13

1-2

384-564

(mean)

63

18

10

482

Normal
I (min-max)
(mean)
Moderate sulfate
resistance
II (min-max)
(mean)
High early
strength

hydration

resistance

Portland Cement

Tricalcium silicate 3CaOSiO2 = C3S

Dicalcium silicate 2CaOSiO2 = C2S
Tricalcium aluminate 3CaOAl2O3 = C3A

Tetracalcium aluminoferrite 4CaOAl2O3Fe2O3 = C4AF

6. Testing of cement.
a.

Consistency of Cement Paste (Vicat plunger) (ASTM C 187 )

(AASHTO T 129)
b.

Setting Time Vicat apparatus (ASTM C 191) (AASHTO M 131)

c.

Soundness Test (ASTM C 151) (AASHTO T 107 )

d.

Fineness of Cement (ASTM C 204 and ASTM C 115)

e.

Specific Gravity of cement.

f.

Bulk density of cement varies between 830 kg/m3 and 1650 kg/m3

g.

Mortar Cubes Compressive strength (ASTM C 109) (AASHTO T 106) .