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Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS

grupo B

CUESTIONES Y PROBLEMAS DE MECNICA Y ONDAS


2 CURSO LICENCIATURA EN FSICA
UNIVERSITAT DE VALNCIA

SEGUNDO CUATRIMESTRE
Profesores:

Gabriela Barenboim (Dep. Fsica Terica)


Chantal Ferrer Roca (Dep. Fsica Aplicada)
Julio Pellicer Porres (Dep. Fsica Aplicada)
Jose A. Pearrocha Gantes (Dep. Fsica Terica)

INTRODUCCIN
Estas cuestiones y problemas provienen fundamentalmente de preguntas aparecidas en exmenes
de cursos anteriores, y se han recopilado y estructurado por temas con la intencin de que sean
utilizadas por los estudiantes en el estudio y reflexin sobre los contenidos fundamentales de la
materia. La intencin de este cuestionario es que sea abordado por los estudiantes de forma
autnoma, y se utilice como material de trabajo y discusin en las sesiones de problemas en
grupos reducidos. Es fundamental que los estudiantes no slo realicen los clculos que conducen
a la resolucin de las cuestiones, sino que tambin sean capaces de justificar y formular
adecuadamente los razonamientos involucrados, en base a los conceptos y principios
fundamentales de la Mecnica que se estudian en esta materia.

Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B

SEGUNDO CUATRIMESTRE

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Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

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Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B


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Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

22


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B

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G6=@4:525 56 $
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@3D6CG25@C $>:56 6= EC:2?8F=@ 6? >@G:>:6?E@
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3 QF2= 6D =2 >65:52 56= =25@  A2C2 6= @3D6CG25@C 6? $
4 QF2= 6D =2 >65:52 56= =25@  A2C2 6= @3D6CG25@C 6? $



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

23


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B


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A2C2 6= @3D6CG25@C 6? $
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>@G:>:6?E@ A2C2 6= @3D6CG25@C 6? $
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2 '3E6?6C 6= >V5F=@ 56= EC:>@>6?E@ C6=2E:G:DE2
3 QFR?E@ G2=6 6?6C8T2 C6=2E:G:DE2

4 Q BFS G6=@4:525 D6 AC@A282 =2 A2CET4F=2


5 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 >2D2 56 =2 A2CET4F=2

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D6 56D:?E68C2 6? GF6=@ 6>:E:6?5@ 5@D 7@E@?6D 4@? =2 >:D>2 6?6C8T2



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

24


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B

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5 = >@>6?E@ 56 F? AC@EV? 6? 6= 46?EC@ 56 >2D2D


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+F86C6?4:2 FE:=:K2C :?G2C:2?E6D

Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

25


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B

9. y 10.

     
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56= 5:D4@ 4@? G6=@4:525 2?8F=2C 

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=2 8C2G6525 6? 6= A=2?@ 01 56= 5:D4@

6 Q FR?E@ G2=6 6= A6C:@5@ 56 A6BF6U2D @D4:=24:@?6D 6? 6= A=2?@ 56=


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7 Q 04FR?E@ G2=6 6= A6C:@5@ D: 6= A=2?@ 56= 5:D4@ @D4:=2 2=C6565@C 56= 6;6
JN 

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= 6IEC6>@ 6?
6= @C:86? 6DE2 DF;6E@ A@C F? >F6==6 56 4@?DE2?E6 4 6 :?:4:2 DF >@G:>:6?E@
563:5@ 2 =2 8C2G6525 2 =@ =2C8@ 56= 6;6 J >:6?EC2D BF6 6= @EC@ 6IEC6>@ D6
56D=:K2 A@C 6= 6;6 I

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6;6 A6CA6?5:4F=2C 2= A=2?@ /0 BF6 A2D2 A@C 6= 46?EC@ 56 >2D2D G2=6
   
3 '3E6?6C =2 6?6C8T2 4:?6E:42 J A@E6?4:2= 56 =2 G2C:==2 6? F? :?DE2?E6 56
DF >@G:>:6?E@
4 '3E6?6C =2 64F24:V? 56 >@G:>:6?E@
5 (2C2 A6BF6U2D @D4:=24:@?6D Q4FR?E@ G2=6 =2 G6=@4:525 2?8F=2C 56 =2
G2C:==2 QJ 6= A6C:@5@ 56= >@G:>:6?E@

Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

26


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B


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56 =@?8:EF5 E2C52  9@C2D 6? 52C F?2 GF6=2 4@>A=6E2 6? 6= D6?E:5@ 56 =2D
28F;2D 56= C6=@;
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3 Q? BFS 4@=2E:EF5 6DER F3:425@ 6= AS?5F=@


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F?2 A2CET4F=2 A2C2 BF6 563:5@ 2 =2 7F6CK2 56 @C:@=:D DF7C2 =2 D:8F:6?E6
56DG:24:V?
2

24:2 6= @6DE6 E2?E@ 6? 6= 96>:D76C:@ ?@CE6 4@>@ 6? 6= 96>:D76C:@ DFC

3

24:2 6= @6DE6 6? 6= 96>:D76C:@ ?@CE6 J 924:2 6= 6DE6 6? 6= 96>:D76C:@


DFC


-? D:DE6>2 56 C676C6?4:2 246=6C25@ + 8:C2 4@? C6DA64E@ 2 @EC@ L;@ + 



BF6 E:6?6 6= >:D>@ @C:86? 4@? G6=@4:525 2?8F=2C G2=6 
?  < 4
+: =2


4



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: <
  2 <
2 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 G6=@4:525 6? 6= D:DE6>2 :?6C4:2=

3 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 G6=@4:525 2?8F=2C 6? 6= D:DE6>2 :?6C4:2=

4 D4C:36 =@D G64E@C6D 56 =2 32D6 ?@ :?6C4:2= 6? 7F?4:V? 56 =2 32D6 :?6C4:2=



-?2 3@=:E2 56 >2D2 6 D6 >F6G6 D:? C@K2>:6?E@ D@3C6 F? 5:D4@ BF6 8:C2



4@? G6=@4:525 2?8F=2C 4@?DE2?E6 
?   4
= >@G:>:6?E@ D6 :?:4:2 4@?



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>  > 2  924:2 6= 46?EC@ 56= 5:D4@ A2CE:6?5@ 56 @  # D68F?
6= D:DE6>2 56 C676C6?4:2 =:825@ 2= 5:D4@ 4@? @C:86? 6? DF 46?EC@
2 Q 24:2 BF6 5:C644:V? D6 56DGT2 :?:4:2=>6?E6 =2 3@=:E2 D68F? 6= D:DE6>2
56 C676C6?4:2 =:825@ 2= 5:D4@

3 QFR= 6D =2 246=6C24:V? :?:4:2= 56 =2 3@=:E2 56D56 6= D:DE6>2 =:825@ 2=


5:D4@
4 Q)F6 7F6CK2D ?@ :?6C4:2=6D 24EW2? J 4FR?E@ G2=6?



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

27


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B


@?D:56C6D6 6= D:8F:6?E6 D:DE6>2 56 >2D2D 6? F? A=2?@ C6DA64E@ 56 F?2
C676C6?4:2 =:8252 2= D:DE6>2 4@? =2D A@D:4:@?6D :?5:4252D 6?EC6 A2CS?E6D:D
6 + +
 6 + +
 6 + +
 6 + +

2 D4C:3:C 6= E6?D@C 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =2 C676C6?4:2 :?5:4252

3 ?4@?EC2C =@D 6;6D AC:?4:A2=6D

4 Q? BFS A@D:4:V? + A


92J BF6 2U25:C F?2 >2D2 6 A2C2 BF6 6=
E6?D@C 56 :?6C4:2 D62 5:28@?2=

-?2 ?@C:2 56 76C:2 56  > 56 C25:@ 8:C2 2 C2KV? 56 5@D GF6=E2D A@C >:?FE@

'3E6?6C 6= A6D@ 2A2C6?E6 56 F? A2D2;6C@ 56  #8 6? =@D D:8F:6?E6D 42D@D


2 ? 6= AF?E@ >2D 2=E@ 56 =2 ?@C:2
3 ? 6= AF?E@ >2D 32;@ 56 =2 ?@C:2
4 ? =@D =25@D 56 =2 ?@C:2 Q4FR?5@ A6D2 >RD 6= A2D2;6C@ 2= DF3:C 2=
32;2C @ :8F2=

+6A  +62 F?2 A=242 4F25C252 56 >2D2 6 J =25@ + D:EF252 6? 6= A=2?@
() 4@? =25@D A2C2=6=@D 2 =@D 6;6D J 46?EC@ 6? 6= @C:86?
+23:6?5@ BF6 6=
>@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 2=C6565@C 56= 6;6 ( G2=6 6+ 
2 QFR?E@ G2=6? =@D >@>6?E@D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =@D 6;6D
*

) J

3 QFR?E@ G2=6? =@D >@>6?E@D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =2D 5:28@?2=6D 56


=2 A=242
4 QFR?E@ G2=6? =@D >@>6?E@D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =@D =25@D 56 =2
A=242

+6A  ? F? AF?E@ 56 =2 DFA6CL4:6 E6CC6DEC6 2  56 =2E:EF5 ?@CE6 F?
42U@? :?4=:?25@  D@3C6 =2 DFA6CL4:6 6? 5:C644:@? ?@CE6 =2?K2 AC@J64E:=6D
2 F?2 G6=@4:525 56  > D

2 +FA@?:6?5@ BF6 =2 ,:6CC2 ?@ 8:C2D6 @3E6?6C =2 2=EFC2 >RI:>2 BF6


DF36? =@D AC@J64E:=6D J DF 2=42?46 D@3C6 =2 DFA6CL4:6 A=2?2

3 ,6?:6?5@ 6? 4F6?E2 =2 C@E24:@? E6CC6DEC6 @3E6?6C =2 246=6C24:V? :?:4:2=


56 =@D AC@J64E:=6D @3D6CG252 56D56 F? D:DE6>2 56 C676C6?4:2 =:825@ 2
=2 ,:6CC2



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

28


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B

4 Q 24:2 BFS AF?E@ 42C5:?2= D6 56DG:2? =@D AC@J64E:=6D 563:5@ 2 =2


246=6C24:@? 56 @C:@=:D 6? 6= :?DE2?E6 :?:4:2=


%2J  Q 24:2 BFS AF?E@ 42C5:?2= 56 =2 DFA6CL4:6 E6CC6DEC6 D6 56DGT2
563:5@ 2 =2 7F6CK2 56 @C:@=:D F? AC@J64E:= =2?K25@ 6? =2D D:8F:6?E6D 4@?5:
4:@?6D C2K@?25
2

24:2 6= ?@CE6 6? 6= 96>:D76C:@ ?@CE6

3

24:2 6= @6DE6 6? 6= 96>:D76C:@ DFC

4

24:2 232;@ 6? 6= 96>:D76C:@ ?@CE6


+6A  +6 5:DA2C2 F? AC@J64E:= 6? 5:C644:V? 924:2 6= (@=@ &@CE6 4@?
G6=@4:525 56 #> D68 56D56 F? AF?E@ 56 =2 DFA6CL4:6 E6CC6DEC6 D:EF25@ 2
  56 =2E:EF5 ?@CE6     56 4@=2E:EF5

2 Q 24:2 5@?56 D6 56DG:2 6= 5:DA2C@ 2 42FD2 56 =2 C@E24:V? E6CC6DEC6

3 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 246=6C24:V? 56 @C:@=:D 6? 6= >@>6?E@ 56= 5:DA2C@


"F?  $2 7F6CK2 56 @C:@=:D 6? =2 DFA6CL4:6 E6CC6DEC6 A2C2 F?2 A2CET4F=2
56 >2D2 6 J G6=@4:525 E> G2=6 6E
  E>  D:6?5@  =2 G6=@4:525 2?8F=2C
56 =2 ,:6CC2
+62 F? D:DE6>2 D@=:52C:@ 6? =2 DFA6CL4:6 56 =2 ,:6CC2 4@?
6;6 E4 D68W? =2 G6CE:42= J 6;6 ED 2AF?E2?5@ 924:2 6= ?@CE6 6?E@?46D 6? 6=
96>:D76C:@ DFC 924:2 5@?56 D6 56DG:2 =2 A2CET4F=2
2 +: >  5:C644:V? DFC
3 +: >  5:C644:V? 924:2 2CC:32
4 +: >  5:C644:V? 924:2 232;@


"F?  +6 5:DA2C2 F? AC@J64E:= 6? 5:C644:V? 924:2 6= (@=@ &@CE6 4@?
G6=@4:525 56 #> D68 56D56 F? AF?E@ 56 =2 DFA6CL4:6 E6CC6DEC6 D:EF25@ 2
  56 =2E:EF5 ?@CE6     56 4@=2E:EF5

2 Q 24:2 5@?56 D6 56DG:2 6= 5:DA2C@ 2 42FD2 56 =2 C@E24:V? E6CC6DEC6

3 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 246=6C24:V? 56 @C:@=:D 6? 6= >@>6?E@ 56= 5:DA2C@


"F?  Q 24:2 BFS AF?E@ 42C5:?2= 56 =2 DFA6CL4:6 E6CC6DEC6 5636>@D
=2?K2C F? AC@J64E:= A2C2 BF6 563:5@ 2 =2 7F6CK2 56 @C:@=:D D6 56DGT6



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

29


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B

2

24:2 6= @6DE6 6? 6= 96>:D76C:@ ?@CE6

3

24:2 6= @6DE6 6? 6= 96>:D76C:@ DFC


"F?  @?D:56C2C F? AS?5F=@ 56 @F42F=E 56 >6EC@D 56 =@?8:EF5
D:EF25@ 2   56 =2E:EF5 ?@CE6
*25:@ 56 =2 ,:6CC2   #>
C2G6525
6? 6= A@=@ ?@CE6  
 > D 

2 QFR= 6D =2 G2C:24:V? C6=2E:G2 56 =2 8C2G6525 6764E:G2 563:5@ 2 =2


C@E24:V? 56 =2 ,:6CC2

3 DE:>25 6= C6EC2D@ 56= AS?5F=@ 6? F? 5T2

4 QFR?E@ G2=6 6= A6C:@5@ 56 C@E24:V? 56= A=2?@ 56= AS?5F=@ 6? 5:492
=2E:EF5
5 Q? BFS D6?E:5@ 8:C2 5:49@ A=2?@


"F?  @?D:56C2C F? AS?5F=@ 56 @F42F=E 56  >6EC@D 56 =@?8:EF5
D:EF25@ 2   56 =2E:EF5 +FC
2 2=4F=2C 6= A6C:@5@ 56 4252 @D4:=24:V?

3 Q? BF6 D6?E:5@ 8:C2 6= A=2?@ 56 @D4:=24:V?


4 QFR?E2D 9@C2D E2C52 6= A=2?@ 56 @D4:=24:@? 6? 52C F?2 GF6=E2

+6A  +62 F? 5:D4@ 56 >2D2  J C25:@ #
'3E6?6C
2 = >@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 2= 6;6 A6CA6?5:4F=2C BF6 A2D2 A@C 6=
46?EC@ 56= 5:D4@

3 = >@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 2 F? 6;6 BF6 4@?E:6?6 2= 5:R>6EC@

4 = >@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 4@? C6DA64E@ 2 F? 6;6 6? 6= A=2?@ 56= 5:D4@ J


E2?86?E6 2= 3@C56 56= >:D>@
5 +: 6= 5:D4@ 426 C@52?5@ A@C F? A=2?@ :?4=:?25@ C2K@?2C D: DF G6=@4:525
6D >2J@C BF6 D: 42J6D6 56D=:KR?5@D6 D:? C@K2>:6?E@

+6A  +62 F?2 A=242 4F25C252 56 >2D2 6 J =25@ + D:EF252 6? 6= A=2?@
() 4@? =25@D A2C2=6=@D 2 =@D 6;6D J 46?EC@ 6? 6= @C:86?
+23:6?5@ BF6 6=
>@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 2=C6565@C 56= 6;6 ( G2=6 6+ 
2 QFR?E@ G2=6? =@D >@>6?E@D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =@D 6;6D
*

) J



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

30


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B

3 QFR?E@ G2=6? =@D >@>6?E@D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =2D 5:28@?2=6D 56


=2 A=242
4 QFR?E@ G2=6? =@D >@>6?E@D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =@D =25@D 56 =2
A=242

"F?  +62 F?2 A=242 4F25C252 56 >2D2 6 J =25@ + D:EF252 6? 6= A=2?@
() 4@? =25@D A2C2=6=@D 2 =@D 6;6D J 46?EC@ 6? 6= @C:86?
+23:6?5@ BF6 6=
>@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 2=C6565@C 56= 6;6 * G2=6 6+ 
2 QFR?E@ G2=6? =@D >@>6?E@D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =@D 6;6D
)

( J

3 QFR?E@ G2=6? =@D >@>6?E@D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =@D 6;6D ( )

J * A2C2=6=@D 2 =@D 2?E6C:@C6D 4@?
  + +

4 QD 6= D:DE6>2 56 C676C6?4:2 ()*F? D:DE6>2 56 6;6D AC:?4:A2=6D
5 QFR?E@ G2=6? =@D 6=6>6?E@D ?@ 5:28@?2=6D 56= E6?D@C 56 :?6C4:2 C6
DA64E@ 56 =2 C676C6?4:2 ()*

%2J  @?D:56C2C F?2 6DA:C2 4F25C252 D:? >2D2 56 =25@ + 6? 4FJ@D
GSCE:46D D6 4@=@42? 4F2EC@ >2D2D 6 AF?EF2=6D

2 Q4FR?E@ G2=6? =@D >@>6?E@D AC:?4:A2=6D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56= 46?EC@
56 >2D2D 56 =2 6DA:C2

3 D4C:3:C =2 >2EC:K 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =@D 6;6D EC2D=2525@D 56= 46?EC@
56 >2D2D 2 F? GSCE:46 56 =2 6DA:C2

4 QFR?E@ G2=6? =@D >@>6?E@D AC:?4:A2=6D 56 :?6C4:2 6? F? GSCE:46 56
=2 6DA:C2


"F?  @?D:56C2C F?2 6DA:C2 4F25C252 D:? >2D2 56 D6>:=25@ + 6? =2
BF6 D6 4@=@42? 5@D >2D2D 6 AF?EF2=6D 6? 5@D GSCE:46D @AF6DE@D 56 =2 6DA:C2
J 5@D >2D2D 6 6? =@D @EC@D 5@D GSCE:46D

2 D4C:3:C =2 >2EC:K 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56= D:DE6>2 4@? @C:86? 6? 6=


46?EC@ 56 >2D2D 56 =2 6DA:C2 J 6;6D /0 A2C2=6=@D 2 =@D =25@D

3 D4C:3:C =2 >2EC:K 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56= D:DE6>2 4@? @C:86? 6? 6=


46?EC@ 56 >2D2D 56 =2 6DA:C2 J 6;6D /0 D68F? =2D 5:28@?2=6D

4 +: 7@CK2>@D =2 6DA:C2 2 8:C2C 4@? G6=@4:525 4@?DE2?E6 ? 2=C6565@C 56


F? 6;6 A2C2=6=@ 2 F? =25@ 56 =2 6DA:C2 Q4FR= 6D 6= >@>6?E@ 56 =2D
7F6CK2D 6? 6= D:DE6>2 56 6;6D AC:?4:A2=6D 64F24:@?6D 56 6F=6C



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

31


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B


"F?  +62 F?2 6DA:C2 4F25C252 56 >6EC@ 56 =25@ J  <:=@D 56 >2D2

+23:6?5@ BF6 6= >@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 56 F?2 G2C:==2 56 =@?8:EF5  J >2D2



6 
6 C6DA64E@ 56 F? 6;6 A6CA6?5:4F=2C BF6 A2D2 A@C 6= 46?EC@ G2=6 
2 QFR?E@ G2=6 6= >@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 56 =2 6DA:C2 C6DA64E@ 2= 6;6 A6C
A6?5:4F=2C 2 =2 >:D>2 BF6 A2D2 A@C DF 46?EC@

3 QFR?E@ G2=6 6= >@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 =2 5:28@?2= 56 =2


6DA:C2

4 QFR?E@ G2=6 6= >@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 2= 6;6 A6CA6?5:4F=2C BF6


A2D2 A@C F? G6CE:46

5 QFR?E@ G2=6 6= >@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56 F? =25@ 56 =2 6DA:C2


"F?  +62 F? 2?:==@ 56 C25:@  > J >2D2 6 46?EC25@ 6? 6= A=2?@ @A

2 '3E6?6C =@D >@>6?E@D AC:?4:A2=6D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56= 46?EC@ 56=
2?:==@
3 '3E6?6C =@D >@>6?E@D AC:?4:A2=6D 56 :?6C4:2 C6DA64E@ 56= AF?E@    
4 QFR=6D D@? =@D 6;6D AC:?4:A2=6D 6? 6= 2A2CE25@ 2?E6C:@C

"F?  @?D:56C6>@D 6= >@G:>:6?E@ 56 F? DV=:5@ =:3C6

2 *2K@?2C D: 6= >@>6?E@ 2?8F=2C 6D F?2 4@?DE2?E6 56= >@G:>:6?E@

3 +: =@D EC6D >@>6?E@D AC:?4:A2=6D 56 :?6C4:2 D@? :8F2=6D C2K@?2C D:


6= >@G:>:6?E@ 56= DV=:5@ 2=C6565@C 56 F? 6;6 4F2=BF:6C2 6D D:6>AC6
6DE23=6

4 +:       C2K@?2C D: 6= >@G:>:6?E@ 56= DV=:5@ 2=C6565@C 56 


6D :?6DE23=6

5 +:       C2K@?2C D: 6= >@G:>:6?E@ 56= DV=:5@ 2=C6565@C 56 


6D :?6DE23=6


+6A  -?2 A6@?K2 4V?:42 56 >2D2 6 C25:@ : J 2=EFC2 1 D6 >F6G6 6?
F? 42>A@ 8C2G:E2E@C:@ >2?E6?:6?5@ 6= GSCE:46 L;@
2 QFR?E@ G2=6 6= >@>6?E@ 56 :?6C4:2 2=C6565@C 56= 6;6 56 C6G@=F4:V?

3 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 5:DE2?4:2 56= G6CE:46 2= 46?EC@ 56 >2D2D 56 =2 A6@?K2


4 D4C:36 =2 6?6C8:2 A@E6?4:2= A2C2 F?2 56E6C>:?252 :?4=:?24:V?  56
=2 A6@?K2



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

32


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B


%2J  ? F?2 A@=62 5:D4@ 56 >2D2  D6 6?C@==2 F? 9:=@ D:? >2D2
56 4FJ@ 6IEC6>@ A6?56 F?2 >2D2 AF?EF2= 6

2 '3E6?6C =2 6?6C8T2 4:?SE:42 =2 6?6C8T2 A@E6?4:2= J 6= =28C2?8:2?@ 56=


D:DE6>2 6? 6= >@G:>:6?E@ 56 42:52 56 =2 >2D2 AF?EF2=

3 QF2?E@ G2=6 =2 246=6C24:V? =:?62= 56 =2 >2D2 6 J =2 246=6C24:V? 2?


8F=2C 56 =2 A@=62



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

33


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B

11., 12. y 13

  -
  .   /  
 

   


"F?  -?2 >2D2 6 6DER 4@=8252 6? F? AF?E@ 56 DF;64:V? A@C >65:@ 56
F? >F6==6 56 4@?DE2?E6 4 J =@?8:EF5 ?F=2 6? C6=2;24:V?
 DF G6K @EC2
>2D2 6 4F6=82 F?:52 56 =2 AC:>6C2 A@C F? >F6==6 56 4@?DE2?E6 4
=
D:DE6>2 :?:4:2 6= >@G:>:6?E@ 6? =2 5:C644:V? G6CE:42= 4@? G6=@4:5256D ?F=2D
J A@D:4:@?6D A  6 A  .

2 '3E6?6C =2 6?6C8T2 A@E6?4:2= 56= D:DE6>2


3 '3E6?6C =2D A@D:4:@?6D 56 6BF:=:3C:@ 56 =2D >2D2D

4 D4C:3:C 6= $28C2?8:2?@ 56= D:DE6>2 A2C2 =2D 56DG:24:@?6D  J  4@?


C6DA64E@ 2= 6BF:=:3C:@
5 +: 4   J 4   Q4FR=6D D@? =2D 7C64F6?4:2D AC@A:2D 56 @D4:=24:V?
6 '3E6?6C =2D 2>A=:EF56D 56 @D4:=24:V? 56 =@D >@5@D ?@C>2=6D   J  
A2C2 =2D 4@?5:4:@?6D :?:4:2=6D :?5:4252D

7 D4C:3:C =2D A@D:4:@?6D A 6 A 6? 7F?4:V? 56 =@D >@5@D ?@C>2=6D 56


@D4:=24:V?


"F?  $2 7F?4:V? 56 @?52 A2C2 F?2 4F6C52 6D
A @ <
   @  <

4@? @ A 6? >6EC@D J < 6? D68F?5@D

2 Q? BF6 D6?E:5@ D6 AC@A282 =2 @?52


3 '3E6?6C =2 =@?8:EF5 56 @?52 J =2 G6=@4:525 56 AC@A2824:V?
4 '3E6?6C =@D AF?E@D 56 >RI:>2 @D4:=24:V? 6? 6= :?DE2?E6 <  ;
5 +: DFA6CA@?6>@D =2 @?52 2?E6C:@C 4@?
A @ <
   @ <

@3E6?6C =2 G6=@4:525 56= 8CFA@ 56 @?52D 7@C>25@ J =2 G6=@4:525 56


72D6 56 =2D @?52D 56= 8CFA@


"F?  @?D:56C2C F?2 @?52 6DE24:@?2C:2 7@C>252 A@C 5@D @?52D D:?F
D@:52=6D 4@? G6=@4:525 56 72D6 56  > D J G6=@4:525 56 8CFA@ 56  > D

= A6C:@5@ 56 F?2 56 =2D @?52D D:?FD@:52=6D G2=6  D J DF =@?8:EF5 56


@?52  >

2 ?4@?EC2C 6= A6C:@5@ J =2 =@?8:EF5 56 @?52 56 =2 @EC2 @?52 D:?FD@:52=




Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

34

3 ?4@?EC2C =2 A@D:4:V? 56 =@D ?@5@D J =@D G:6?EC6D 56 =2 @?52 6DE2


4:@?2C:2


"F?  @?D:56C2C F? D:DE6>2 56 5@D >2D2D :8F2=6D 6
-?2 56 6==2D D6
>F6G6 6? =2 5:C644:V? 9@C:K@?E2= @  F?:52 2 F? >F6==6 4@? F? 6IEC6>@
L;@ 56 4@?DE2?E6 4  605
6 6DE2 >2D2 4F6=82 =2 @EC2 A@C >65:@ 56
F?2 G2C:==2 D:? >2D2 56 =@?8:EF5 5 BF6 =6 A6C>:E6 C62=:K2C F? >@G:>:6?E@
A6?5F=2C 4@? 2?8F=@  C6DA64E@ 56 =2 G6CE:42=

2 (2C2 A6BF6U2D @D4:=24:@?6D 6D4C:3:C =2D >2EC:46D 6?6C8T2 4:?SE:42 J


A@E6?4:2= J =2 64F24:V? 56 >@G:>:6?E@ FE:=:K2?5@ 4@>@ =2D 4@@C56
?252D @ J @  5

3 '3E6?6C =2D 7C64F6?4:2D AC@A:2D 56 @D4:=24:V?

4 '3E6?6C =2D 4@@C56?252D ?@C>2=6D 4@?G6?:6?E6>6?E6 ?@C>2=:K252D




5 @? =2D 4@?5:4:@?6D :?:4:2=6D @  . J @  @  @   @3E6?6C =@D


>@5@D ?@C>2=6D 56 @D4:=24:V?


+6A  @?D:56C2C F? A2BF6E6 56 @?52D 6? F? >65:@ 5:DA6CD:G@ 4FJ2
C6=24:V? 56 5:DA6CD:V?  4
6D , 4      + D:6?5@ , J + 4@?DE2?E6D

2 2=4F=25 =2 G6=@4:525 56 72D6

3 2=4F=25 =2 G6=@4:525 56 8CFA@

4 @>6?E2C 6= D:8?:L425@ 56 5:492D G6=@4:5256D


+6A  @?D:56C25 F?2 >@=S4F=2 56 
@3D6CG252 56D56 6= 46?EC@ 56 >2D2D

=:?62= EC:2E@>:42 2:D=252

2 6D4C:3:C 6= >@G:>:6?E@ 56 =@D >@5@D ?@C>2=6D

3 ? 6= >@5@ ?@C>2= 2?E:D:>SEC:4@ @3E6?6C =2 C6=24:V? 6?EC6 =2D G6


=@4:5256D 56 G:3C24:V? 56= ?:ECV86?@ J 56= @IT86?@ 6   F
2

6   F
2


4 Q)FS >@5@ G:3C2 4@? >2J@C 7C64F6?4:2 6= D:>SEC:4@ @ 6= 2?E:D:>SEC:4@


"F?  @?D:56C6>@D =2 AC@A2824:V? 6? F?2 5:>6?D:V? 56 F?2 A6CEFC
324:V?  @ <
   <  @

2 '3E6?6C =2 G6=@4:525 J D6?E:5@ 56 =2 A6CEFC324:V?


3 QFR?E@ G2=6 6= A6C:@5@

Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

35


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B

4 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 =@?8:EF5 56 @?52



%2J  +62 F?2 4F6C52 E6?D2 A@C =2 BF6 D6 AC@A282 F?2 A6CEFC324:V? D:
?FD@:52=
? =2 A@D:4:V? @  =2 A6CEFC324:V? G2=6 A @  <
   <
>:6?EC2D BF6 6? @   =2 A6CEFC324:V? G2=6 A @  <
   < 

=2D =@?8:EF56D 6DER? 5252D 6? >6EC@D


2 '3E6?6C 6= A6C:@5@ J =2 7C64F6?4:2 56 =2 A6CEFC324:V?

3 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 =@?8:EF5 56 @?52

4 Q? BFS D6?E:5@ D6 AC@A282 =2 A6CEFC324:V? J 4@? BFS G6=@4:525


+6A  @?D:56C2C F?2 A6CEFC324:V? 6? F? 6DA24:@ F?:5:>6?D:@?2= BF6
G2CT2 4@? 6= E:6>A@ D68W? =2 7F?4:V?  @ <
   <  @

2 Q@? BFS G6=@4:525 D6 AC@A282 =2 A6CEFC324:V?


3 Q$2 A6CEFC324:V? 6D A6C:V5:42
4 ? 6= :?DE2?E6 :?:4:2= <  QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 A6CEFC324:V? 6? 6= @C:86?

"F?  @?D:56C6>@D =2 AC@A2824:V? 6? F?2 5:>6?D:V? 56 F?2 A6CEFC
324:V?  @ <
   <  @

2 '3E6?6C =2 G6=@4:525 56 AC@A2824:V?


3 '3E6?6C 6= A6CT@5@ 56 =2 A6CEFC324:V? 6? F? AF?E@ 2C3:EC2C:@ @

4 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 =@?8:EF5 56 @?52



+6A  @?D:56C2C F?2 @?52 G:2;6C2 5252 A@C =2 7F?4:@? 56 @?52D  +@ ,<

D:6?5@ + J , 4@?DE2?E6D
2 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 G6=@4:525 56 72D6

3 D4C:3:C =2 64F24:V? 56 @?52D

4 :D4FE6 6= D6?E:5@ 56 AC@A2824:V? 56 =2 @?52 56A6?5:6?5@ 56 =@D


D:8?@D 56 + J ,

Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

36


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B


"F?  +62 F?2 4F6C52 E6?D2 A@C =2 BF6 D6 AC@A282 F?2 A6CEFC324:V?
D:?FD@:52= A @ <

$2 A6CEFC324:V? G2=6 A 
     J A 

   

=2D =@?8:EF56D 6DER? 5252D 6? >6EC@D J =@D E:6>A@D 6? D68F?5@D


2 '3E6?6C =2 A6CEFC324:V? A @ <

3 Q? BFS D6?E:5@ D6 AC@A282 =2 A6CEFC324:V? J 4@? BFS G6=@4:525


+6A  @?D:56C2C =2D @?52D A=2?2D  @ <
   @   <
J  @ <

  @  <
+
!

2 2=4F=2 =2 =@?8:EF5 56 @?52 J 6= A6C:@5@

3 2=4F=2 =2 G6=@4:525 56 72D6


Q4FR= 6D 6= D6?E:5@ 56= >@G:>:6?E@ 56
5:492D @?52D
4 +: DFA6CA@?6>@D =2D 5@D @?52D Q6? BF6 A@D:4:@?6D D6 2?F=2 =2 A6C
EFC324:V?
5 +: DFA6CA@?6>@D =2D 5@D @?52D Q6? BF6 A@D:4:@?6D =2 A6CEFC324:V?
6D >RI:>2

"F?  @?D:56C2C F? A2BF6E6 56 @?52D 4@? 7C64F6?4:2D 4@>AC6?5:52D
6?EC6 ?   
:+.; J ?   
:+.; BF6 D6 AC@A282 6?
F? >65:@ 4@? C6=24:V? 56 5:DA6CD:V?  4   ? ? ? 
:+.; J
 
6;

2 QFR= 6D 6= C2?8@ 56 =2D =@?8:EF56D 56 @?52 56= A2BF6E6


3 '3E6?6C =2 G6=@4:525 56 72D6 A2C2 =2 7C64F6?4:2 46?EC2= H
4 QFR= 6D =2 G6=@4:525 56 8CFA@ A2C2 =2 7C64F6?4:2 46?EC2= H 
5 Q+6 EC2E2 56 F? >65:@ 5:DA6CD:G@ 2?V>2=@

%2J  $2 C6=24:V? 56 5:DA6CD:V? A2C2 @?52D DFA6CL4:2=6D 6? F? MF:5@
6DER 5252 A@C =2 6IAC6D:V? ?  +4 ,4   5@?56 ? 6D =2 7C64F6?4:2 2?8F=2C
4 6D 6= ?W>6C@ 56 @?52D J +   4>
D J ,  4>
D D@? 4@?DE2?E6D

+: 6>:E:>@D F? A2BF6E6 56 @?52D 6? E@C?@ 2 =2 =@?8:EF5 56 @?52D   


4>
2 ,6?:6?5@ 6? 4F6?E2 BF6 6= A2BF6E6 D6 >F6G6 4@? =2 G6=@4:525 56
8CFA@ 42=4F=2C 6= E:6>A@ BF6 E2C52 6? C64@CC6C F?2 5:DE2?4:2 56 F?
>6EC@



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

37


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B

m1

m2

3 QFR?E@ G2=6 =2 G6=@4:525 56 72D6 56 =2D @?52D 56= A2BF6E6


"F?  @?D:56C2C F? A2BF6E6 56 @?52D 6? F? >65:@ 5:DA6CD:G@ 4FJ2
C6=24:V? 56 5:DA6CD:V?  4
6D >  4      + D:6?5@ > J + 4@?DE2?E6D

2 2=4F=25 =2 G6=@4:525 56 72D6

3 2=4F=25 =2 G6=@4:525 56 8CFA@

4 @>6?E2C 6= D:8?:L425@ 56 5:492D G6=@4:5256D


"F?  +62? 5@D >2D2D 6  6 J 6  6 F?:52D 9@C:K@?E2=>6?E6
6?EC6 DT A@C F? >F6==6 56 4@?DE2?E6 4
 DF G6K =2 AC:>6C2 56 6==2D 6DER
F?:52 2 =2 A2C65 >65:2?E6 @EC@ >F6==6 2=:?625@ 4@? 6= 2?E6C:@C E2>3:6?
56 4@?DE2?E6 4
2 '3E6?6C =2 6?6C8T2 4:?SE:42 =2 6?6C8T2 A@E6?4:2= J 6= =28C2?8:2?@ 56=
D:DE6>2

3 '3E6?6C =2D 7C64F6?4:2D AC@A:2D


4 '3E6?6C =@D >@5@D ?@C>2=6D

5 *6D@=G6C 6= >@G:>:6?E@ 4@? =2D 4@?5:4:@?6D :?:4:2=6D @


 @


@
 J @
 
=@D >F6==6D E:6?6? =@?8:EF5 ?F=2 6? C6A@D@ J
=2 A2C65 6DER 6? @  

+6A  @?D:56C25 F?2 >@=S4F=2 56 
@3D6CG252 56D56 6= 46?EC@ 56 >2D2D

=:?62= EC:2E@>:42 2:D=252

2 *2K@?2C D: 6? 6= >@5@ ?@C>2= D:>SEC:4@ 6= @I:86?@ A6C>2?646 6?


C6A@D@

3 ? 6= >@5@ ?@C>2= 2?E:D:>SEC:4@ @3E6?6C =2 C6=24:V? 6?EC6 =2D G6


=@4:5256D 56 G:3C24:V? 56= ?:ECV86?@ J 56= @IT86?@ 6   F
2

6   F
2


4 Q)FS >@5@ G:3C2 4@? >2J@C 7C64F6?4:2 6= D:>SEC:4@ @ 6= 2?E:D:>SEC:4@



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

38


Cuestiones y Problemas de MECANICA Y ONDAS grupo B


%2J  +62? 5@D >2D2D :8F2=6D F?:52D 9@C:K@?E2=>6?E6 6?EC6 DT A@C F?
>F6==6 56 4@?DE2?E6 4
 DF G6K F?2 56 6==2D 6DER F?:52 2 =2 A2C65
>65:2?E6 @EC@ >F6==6 2=:?625@ 4@? 6= 2?E6C:@C 56 4@?DE2?E6 4
2 '3E6?6C =2 6?6C8T2 4:?SE:42 =2 6?6C8T2 A@E6?4:2= J 6= =28C2?8:2?@ 56=
D:DE6>2

3 '3E6?6C =2D 7C64F6?4:2D AC@A:2D J =@D >@5@D ?@C>2=6D

4 *6D@=G6C 6= >@G:>:6?E@ 4@? =2D 4@?5:4:@?6D :?:4:2=6D @


 @


@
 J @
 
=@D >F6==6D E:6?6? =@?8:EF5 ?F=2 6? C6A@D@ J
=2 A2C65 6DER 6? @  



Facultat de Fsica de la Universitat de Valncia

39

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