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-The F(t) curve for a system consisting of a plug flow reactor followed by a
continuous stirred tank reactor is identical. to that of system in which the CSTR
precedes the PFR. Show that the overall fraction conversions obtained in these
two combinations are different when the reactions are other than first-order.
Derive appropriate expressions for the case or second-order irreversible reactions
and indicate how the reactor should be ordered so as to maximize the conversion
achieved
Solucin
Representan los tiempos de espacio en el reactor del flujo de pistn en el
reactor continuo de tanque agitado respectivamente considerando el siguiente
diagrama.
Fig.1
fAi
a
fA2
Que es igual a
Resolviendo
Donde
De la ecuacin de CSTR.
O
ECUACION A
Ecuacin de diseo PFR
ecuacin B
Que es igual a
Fig3.
Reordenando.
Despejando CAi
8.-Levenspiel and Smith [Chem. Eng. Sci., 6 (227), 1957] have reported the data below for
a residence time experiment involving a length of 2.85 cm diameter pyrex tubing. A
volume of KMnO4 solution that would fill 2.54 cm of the tube was rapidly injected into a
water stream with a linear velocity of 35.7 cm/sec. A photoelectric cell 2.74 m
downstream from the injection point is used to monitor the local KMnO4 concentration.
Use slope, variance, and maximum concentration approaches to determine the dispersion
parameter. What is the mean residence time of the fluid?
Time, (sec)
t
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
Solucin
Para el clculo del tiempo medio de residencia de fluido, se debe hacer lo siguiente:
Por medio de la Regla de Simpson obtendremos los valores de E(t), a partir de los datos de
tiempo y concentracin.
Regla de Simpson para cuando N+1 puntos, donde N es par
Para E(t)
Para varianza
10. Use F(t) curve for two identical CSTRs in series and segregated flow model to predict the
conversion archived for a first order reaction with k=0.4 sec-1. The space time for an individual
reactor is 0.9 sec. Check your results using an analisis for two CSTRs in series.
Sea una reaccion de primer orden donde :
A
Sustitiyendo
X=1-
= 0.2818
14.- The following data have been reported as a result of an effort to determine the distribution of
residence times in a packed bed reactor. Use these data to generate an F(t) curve and to
determine the average residence time in the reactor.
A pulse of tracer is fed to the reactor at time zero
Tiempo (t),
min.
Concentracin
del efluente en
trazas
0
0
4
3
8
5
12
5
16
4
20
2
24
1
28
0
32
0
If one desires to utilize this reactor to carry out a first-order isomerization reaction of the type
And if rate constant for the reaction is 0.045 min-1, dertermine the average convertion that one
expects in this reactor.
For the residence time distribution of part (a), what value of DL/uL gives an adequate fit of the
dispersion model to the data?
d.- what integer value of n gives the most accurate fit of the data in part (a) when we have n equal
volume CSTRs in series? What conversion is expected on the basis of this model?
E.- it has been proposed that we model the residence time distribution by an ideal CSTR followed
by a PFR. The volumetric flow rate and combined volumes of the two reactors will be the same as
in part (a) what ratio of reactor volumes gives a good representation of F(t) curve? What
conversion is expected on the basis of this model? Comment on the suitability of the model.
f.- prepare a table summarizing the fraction convertions predicted by the varius models.
In parts c), (d), and e) draw the F(t) curves predicted on the basis of the various models so that
they may be compared with the experimental data.
A R,
X=1-
=1-
=0.090087
=1.77
Como se habla de modelos no ideales, las conversiones dependen mucho del desempeo
del reactor, ya que este nos expresara la calidad de mezclado.
e)cuando un pfr es seguido de un cstr no es mucha la diferencia, y el perfil nos queda de la
suiguiente manera , aunque la diferencia n es mucha si existe.
F)
E(t)
0,07
0,06
E(t) (min-1)
0,05
0,04
0,03
0,02
0,01
0,00
-5
10
15
tiempo (min)
20
25
30
35
16. Las tcnicas que hemos desarrollado en este captulo para el anlisis de las funciones de
distribucin de tiempo de residencia se pueden utilizar en el anlisis de las condiciones de flujo en
un arroyo o ro donde se desea determinar la dispersin de los contaminantes de una fuente
determinada. Los siguientes datos son tomados de una encuesta USGS del ro Platte Sur [R. E.
Glover, "Dispersin de materiales disueltos o suspendidos en corrientes de agua," Servicio
Geolgico de Papel Profesional 433-B (1964)].
Caudal medio: 554 ft3 / seg
Longitud de alcance: 19.900 pies
De origen natural concentracin de K + en la corriente: 8,2 mg / litro
En el tiempo cero, 1,000 libras de K2CO3 se vierten en el extremo corriente arriba del alcance.
Peridicamente se tomaron muestras en el extremo de aguas abajo del alcance y se analizaron
para iones K + con los resultados tabulados a continuacin:
Inciso (A)
= 135.8
Para saber la cantidad que se recupero calcularemos la cantidad que sale del reactor basndonos
en donde se forma la campana de nuestra curva aproximadamente es en 138 y 165 con eso
realizamos lo siguiente :
Inciso (B) graficar f(T) en nuestro caso usamos a C para nombrar a F(t)
Inciso ( C )
Para calcular
Usamos la frmula de
t
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0
50
100
150
200
250