Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Worked Design Examples Using Strut-and-Tie Method Single Corbel (ACI 318-02 Appendix A)
is less than the bearing stress limit, i.e. f cu = (0.85 n f c' )= 0.75[0.85(0.80 )(35)] = 17.8 MPa,
the bearing size is adequate.
150 mm
25 mm
225 mm
450 mm
225 mm
225 mm
350 mm
Figure 1
http://www.cee.uiuc.edu/kuchma/strut_and_tie/STM/examples/corbel/corbel.htm
Page 1 of 5
N DD '
N DD '
=
'
0.85 n f c b 17.8(350 )
10 mm
Vu = 250 kN
100 mm
Result
ant Lin
This fixes the geometry of the truss and means that member CD has a horizontal projection
of 10 + 125 + 79/2 = 175 mm while member BC has a horizontal projection of 300 - 79/2 =
260 mm.
125 mm
Nu = 50 kN
kN
.5
66
.0
57
225 mm
2k
N
273
450 mm
B
245 kN
159 kN
29
50 mm
225 mm
50 kN
495 kN
A
50 mm
D'
225 mm
350 mm
fcu
a = 79 mm
Figure 2
http://www.cee.uiuc.edu/kuchma/strut_and_tie/STM/examples/corbel/corbel.htm
Page 2 of 5
Member
Force (kN)
CD
-273
CB
+159
BD
-292
BA
+245
DA
+50
N CB 159(1000)
=
= 505 mm.2
f y 0.75(420)
f c'
35
(350)(400) = 467 mm.2 Choose 4 No. 13 mm bars,
= 0.04 bd = 0.04
fy
420
As shown in the above table, tie BA has a larger tension than tie CB. However, this tie force
should be resisted by column longitudinal reinforcement. Therefore, continue the 4 No. 13
mm bars down the column just to have a sufficient development length.
N
50(1000)
= 159 mm.2
The area of reinforcement required for tie DA is As required = DA =
f y 0.75(420)
Choose 2 No. 10 mm additional column ties at location DA, As = 2(2 )(71) = 284 mm.2
This limit is easily satisfied since the nodal zone available is 100 mm.
100db
100(13)
= 0 .7
= 154 mm. Since this
The required anchorage length for tie AA is ldh =
35
f c'
is less than the available length, i.e. 50 + 150 (25 + 10) = 165 mm, the anchorage length is
adequate.
http://www.cee.uiuc.edu/kuchma/strut_and_tie/STM/examples/corbel/corbel.htm
Page 3 of 5
Choose 50 mm width for both struts CD and BD. The required width for strut DD is equal to
a, i.e. 79 mm.
As shown in Figure 3, all the strut widths fit into the outline of the corbel region. Thus, this
solution is accepted. Figure 3 also shows a summary of the stress demand for each strut and
its corresponding stress limit (in brackets).
17.8 MPa
(22.3 MPa)
245 kN
Pa
)
7M
15. MPa
.7
(16
16
(16 .7 M
P
.7
MP a
a)
50 kN
D'
Figure 3
vi
sin i 0.0030
to be able to take s as 0.75 for the diagonal struts, and the minimum spacing for the vertical
reinforcement is the smallest of 300 mm or d/2.
In addition, the code requires closed stirrups or ties parallel to the reinforcement required for
tie CB to be uniformly distributed with 2/3 of the effective depth adjacent to tie CB, i.e. 2/3
(400) = 267 mm; use 275 mm. The area of these ties must exceed 0.5( As An ) , where An is
the area of reinforcement resisting the tensile force N uc . Hence, the minimum area required
50(1000 )
is 0.5( As An ) = 0.5 As uc = 0.5 516
= 179 mm.2
fy
0.75(420 )
Since this amount of reinforcement satisfies both requirements, provide 3 No. 10 closed
stirrups distributed over a depth of 275 mm from tie CB with a concrete cover of 25 mm.
http://www.cee.uiuc.edu/kuchma/strut_and_tie/STM/examples/corbel/corbel.htm
Page 4 of 5
3 No. 10 hoops
150 mm
25 mm
50 mm
225 mm
450 mm
225 mm
125 mm
2 No. 10 hoops
225 mm
350 mm
Elevation View
2 No. 13 with horizontal loop
2 No. 13 framing bars
350 mm
Top View
Figure 4
Last Update: March 20, 2003
http://www.cee.uiuc.edu/kuchma/strut_and_tie/STM/examples/corbel/corbel.htm
Page 5 of 5