Page 1 USAP Midterm Review Exam (Answers will be posted check back periodically)

1.

Compared to the British, the French in North America

a. Had much worse relations with the Indian populations.
b. Did not resort to violence or cruelty when confronted with Indian
opposition.
c. Tended to have better relations with the Indians.
d. Were more interested in expanding into Indian territories.

2.

The British colonial group most comfortable with religious and ethnic
pluralism were the
a. Puritans.
b. Anglicans.
c. Huguenots.
d. Quakers.

3.

The majority of farmers of eighteenth century North America were

interested in
a. Commercial farming.
b. Small self-sufficient communities.
c. Little diversity of activities.
d. Breaking free from farming.

4.

Which of the following did NOT play a role in the extraordinary

population growth in the British colonies?
a. A drastic increase in the amount of slaves taken from Africa.
b. Relatively low infant-mortality rate.
c. High birth rate.
d. Less restrictive immigration policies.

5.

The common objection of the delegates at the First Continental Congress

was
a. Against Parliament forcing them to accept their power.
b. To the Indian policy of the British government.
c. Against British attacks at Lexington and Concord.
d. To British behavior at the Boston Massacre.

6.

The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to

a. Prepare for the British invasion of Massachusetts.
b. Select a military leader for the colonial militia.
c. Draft a declaration of independence from Great Britain.
d. Develop a common colonial response to the Intolerable Acts.

7.

The common religious cultural traditions that were called upon by the
First Continental Congress in creating a national political community
were
a. A diverse collection from European immigrants.
b. From those of British Americans.
c. French, Spanish and British colonial tradition.
d. Catholic and Protestant.

8.

The Royal Proclamation of 1763

a. Established and expanded the province of Quebec.
b. Encouraged British land speculation.
c. Set aide an area west of the Appalachians as "Indian Country."
d. Forbade and Indian confederacies.

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9.

As a result of various experiences in the French and Indian (Seven

Years') War, many American colonists
a. Became more sympathetic to Indians.
b. Desired a strong empire to protect them.
c. Began to feel distinct from the British.
d. Experienced a weakening of intercolonial identity.

10. The Zenger case helped spur on this means of intercolonial connection:
a. Improved roads, stages and mail lines.
b. Increased commerce among colonies.
c. Committee of correspondence.
d. More newspapers and greater circulation.
11. The primary purpose of the Sugar Act was to
a. Raise revenue to defray expenses of the Seven Years' War.
b. Punish the colonists for their poor performance during the Seven
Years' War.
c. Regulate trade within the empire.
d. Eliminate colonial trade with other nations.
12. The primary weapon that colonial opponents of the various revenue acts
used to force their repeal was
a. Nonviolent civil disobedience.
b. Petitions to the crown.
c. Non-importation and non-consumption.
d. Meetings of colonial congresses.
13. Among the conditions that complicated relations between British
officials and the colonists on the eve of the Boston Massacre was
a. Stationing British soldiers in private residences.
b. Economic competition between British soldiers and the local working
population.
c. The presence of local militia in close proximity to British troops.
d. Organized protest demonstrations at British training posts.
14. A member of a Committee of Observation and Safety in 1775 had
responsibility for
a. Informing British officials of colonial smuggling.
b. Promoting British imports in the colonies.
c. Offering legal defense to those who violated the Intolerable Acts.
d. Enforcing economic sanctions against Great Britain.
15. Which one of the following was most characteristic of the Continental
Army encamped at Valley Forge?
a. It contained many who were drawn from the ranks of the poor and
disadvantaged.
b. No women were present with the army.
c. Most of its soldiers were well-trained professionals.
d. There were no positive results of its encampment there.

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16. Which one of the following is NOT true of American men who fought in the
Revolution?
a. More soldiers died of disease than of battle wounds.
b. Continental Army regiments had the highest casualties.
c. The casualty ratio was higher than in any other American conflict
except the Civil War.
d. Patriot militia were the most important group in winning battles.
17. The biggest British defeat before Yorktown occurred at
a. Trenton, New Jersey
b. Saratoga, New York
c. Fort Ticonderoga
d. Brandywine Creek
18. When the Revolutionary War moved to the South, the British shifted to a
strategy of
a. Military conquest and occupation of territory.
b. Turning the military conflict over to German mercenaries.
c. Taking territory and turning it over to Loyalists.
d. Relying on the use of naval forced to cut off supplies.
19. Most Indian peoples during the American Revolution
a. United to support the American cause.
b. United within and across tribal lines to support the British.
c. Suffered a disastrous defeat with the American victory.
d. Stayed neutral.
20. In taking the position he did in the wake of the issuance of the
Newburgh address, George Washington
a. Officially declared himself a candidate for the presidency.
b. Established the principle of separation of church and state.
c. Set a precedent for the subordination of the military to civil
authority.
d. Revealed his hostility toward the British.
21. Which one of the following was NOT a provision of the Northwest
Ordinance of 1787?
a. It prohibited slavery.
b. New states had equal footing with the original ones.
c. A territorial governor and assembly was provided.
d. Land would be divided into 640 acre sections, 36 to a township.
22. For women, the most important effect of the Revolution and reform was to
a. Expand the vote to women in most states.
b. Obtain more rights.
c. Increase expectation.
d. Radically change women's legal role in society.
23. The first state to abolish slavery was
a. Vermont.
b. Rhode Island.
c. Delaware.
d. Pennsylvania.

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24. Which one of the following is the RESULT of the other three?
a. Economic depression following the Revolution.
b. Conservative nationalists want to strengthen national government.
c. Debtors sued and jailed for debt.
d. Shays' Rebellion and other uprisings spread.
25. Approximately what fraction of the American public was likely to remain
Loyalist during the Revolution?
a. One-fifteenth.
b. One-fifth.
c. One-fourth.
d. One-third.
26. The expression "not worth a Continental" referred to the
a. Lack of training and poor fighting ability of Continental soldiers.
b. Disorganization and incompetence of the Continental Congress.
c. Depreciated value of Continental currency by 1781.
d. British Whig view that they should not be fighting the Americans.
27. Shays' Rebellion and other similar rebellions were protests over
a. Settlement methods on western land claims.
b. Congress' failure to pay Continental soldiers' pensions.
c. Economic depression and enforcement of debtor laws.
d. Attempts to end slavery and the slave trade.
28. The British strategy in 1776 and 1777 was to move north up the Hudson
and south from Canada in order to
a. Isolate New England.
b. Combine strength with Iroquois allies.
c. Protect the Great Lakes.
d. Gain the strategic New York harbor.
29. The delegates who met in Philadelphia in 1787 included all of the
following EXCEPT
a. Slave owners.
b. Revolutionary War officers
c. Craftsmen and artisans.
d. Land speculators.
30. It is clear that the most important influence on popular voting for
state delegates for the state ratification conventions of the
Constitution was
a. One's position on economic issues debated since the Revolution.
b. The persuasiveness of sophisticated arguments presented by the
Federalists and anti-Federalists.
c. The logic of arguments presented b Revolutionary heroes.
d. The impact of the French Revolution.

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31. In the ratification debate, a Federalist would have agreed with which of
the following statements in the debate over ratification of the
Constitution:
a. The Articles of Confederation is the true "federal" government,
sharing powers between the national and state governments.
b. The safest depository for the rights of the people lies in local
governments.
c. A strong national government is less susceptible to control by a
single faction intent on limiting the rights of others.
d. The nation is too large for a single powerful government.
32. The first ten amendments were quickly added to the newly-ratified
Constitution to
a. Expand the power of the federal government over its citizens.
b. Fulfill the promise made to Federalists who had opposed ratification.
c. Limit the expressed rights of citizens in the face of national
governmental power.
d. Reassure those who feared the power of the national government to
restrict citizens' rights.
33. The MOST important piece of legislation passed by the first session of
Congress was the
a. Coercive Act of 1789.
b. Report on the Public Credit 1790.
c. Judiciary Act of 1789.
d. Bill moving the federal capital to Washington D.C.
34. In his first "Report on the Public Credit," Alexander Hamilton proposed
a. The establishment of a centralized Bank of the United States.
b. That the federal government assume remaining state Revolutionary War
debts.
c. Funding the domestic debt and sharing the profits with its original
holders.
d. High protective tariffs.
35. The Intercourse Act of 1790 established the precedent in relations
between the United States government and the Indian tribes of
a. Treating Indian tribes as wards of the United States government.
b. Denying the independence of so-called Indian "nations".
c. Using the military to force acquisition of Indian land by the United
States government.
d. Using treaties to establish and maintain relations between the two.
36. Pickney's Treaty helped resolve the debate over Jay's Treaty by
a. Renouncing Spanish claims in North America.
b. Opening the Mississippi to American shipping.
c. Purchasing the Louisiana Territory from France.
d. Saving face for Thomas Jefferson who had opposed both.

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37. Political supporters of Thomas Jefferson used the name Democratic
Republicans to emphasize that the Federalists were
a. Pro-French.
b. Pro-monarchy.
c. Localists.
d. For European political ties.
38. Passage of the Naturalization Act, the Alien Act, the Alien Enemies Act,
and the Sedition Act by Federalists in 1798 reflected their primary
intent to
a. Eliminate British Loyalist influence in the United States once and
for all.
b. Limited foreign immigration to the United States.
c. Force John Adams to take a stand on the issue of French-American
relations.
d. Defeat the Republican opposition in Congress.
39. A response to the problem that emerged in the election of 1800, the
twelfth amendment
a. Created separate ballots for president and vice-president.
b. Limited campaign spending.
c. Created an electoral college for the election of president and vicepresident.
d. Listed candidates on ballot according to party affiliation.
40. Which one of the following was LEAST likely to be nationalist?
a. Merchants.
b. Conservative.
c. Continental Army officers.
d. Farmers.
41. The period between 1800 and 1850 in the United States was characterized
by
a. A decline in the overall population.
b. A dramatic expansion of population to the west.
c. The tremendous growth of Atlantic seaboard cities.
d. A decrease in the birth rate across the nation as a whole.
42. Which one of the following was the LEAST true of migration of American
population from 1790 to 1824?
a. Most moves were of families from neighboring communities.
b. The vast majority was from Virginia and North Carolina.
c. They moved west along river systems.
d. Very few families migrated in his time period.
43. The Atlantic seaports that would continue to thrive in the mid-19th
century were those that developed the strongest ties with
a. Each other.
b. European trade.
c. Pacific Coast ports.
d. Trans-Appalachian West.

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44. Which one of the following was NOT true of Jefferson's political
philosophy?
a. America's room to grow ensured a republican form of government.
b. Yeoman rural communities were essential for a republic.
c. America's resources would overcome Malthusian predictions.
d. Manufacturing and industrialization would enrich America.
45. Which one of the following was NOT true of the decisions of Chief
Justice John Marshall and the Supreme Court?
a. Marbury v. Madison reinforced the independence of the judiciary.
b. The court favored strict construction of the Constitution.
c. The federal government was strengthened over the state governments.
d. The Supreme Court was a nationalizing force.
46. Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. because
a. He met defeat in the Caribbean and was in need of money for Europe.
b. Jefferson threatened to ally with England and help Haitian
revolutionaries.
c. The English were blockading him to prevent his armies from landing in
New Orleans.
d. He wanted to punish the Spanish for not aiding him in America.
47. Americans found British actions with regard to naturalization and
impressment particularly objectionable because
a. They seemed too favorable to the Spanish, Canadians, and Indians.
b. They resulted in disruptions which lessened profits in shipping.
c. They demonstrated Great Britain's failure to recognize American
citizenship.
d. They hoped their objections would please Napoleon.
48. Both Handsome Lake of the Senecas and Tenskatwa of the Shawnees promoted
this powerful message:
a. Give up white ways, return to tradition and whites will disappear.
b. Unite all the Indian tribes east and west of the Mississippi into a
powerful military confederation.
c. Exploit English-French conflicts with the United States to the Indian
advantage in land and arms.
d. Convert white Christianity and appeal to their deity to be just.
49. The United States entered the War of 1812 deeply divided along sectional
lines. The sections most prowar were the
a. Middle States and South.
b. West and South.
c. Middle States and New England.
d. West and New England.
50. At
a.
b.
c.
d.

the Hartford Convention, representatives from five New England states

Insisted states could nullify unconstitutional federal actions.
Passed a secession resolution to go into effect by 1815.
Condemned the term of the Treaty of Ghent.
Criticized American Indian policy.

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51. The Second Great Awakening is LEAST associated with which one of the
following?
a. Women.
b. Eastern seaboard.
c. Protestants.
d. Camp meetings.
52. The three elements of Henry Clay's American System were also supported
by Madison and Monroe:
a. Indian Removal, national bank, income tax.
b. Neutrality, limited construction, larger Army and Navy.
c. National bank, tariff, roads and canals.
d. Support of farmers, liberal land laws and state banks.
53. The "stay laws" passed by state legislatures
a. Limited immigration from their states.
b. Prevented banks from foreclosing on farmers.
c. Forced Indians into small reservations.
d. Kept out foreign goods.
54. The Panic of 1819 reflected the nation's
a. Concern over the institution of slavery.
b. Transition from a farming to a more commercial economy.
c. Negative international response to the Monroe Doctrine.
d. The impact of the Second Great Awakening on commercial endeavors.
55. The Russian attraction to North America was motivated by
a. The desire for gold.
b. Fishing and whaling.
c. The fur trade.
d. A North Pacific base against Japan.
56. Of the settlements of the other European powers in 1800, the one most
crucial to American trade was
a. Sitka.
b. New Orleans.
c. Los Angeles.
d. Quebec.
57. In
a.
b.
c.
d.

1800, the United Sties economy and population was predominately

Agricultural and rural.
Commercial and urban.
Product exporter.
Industrialized.

58. In Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall established the

principle that
a. Only the federal judiciary could decide what was constitutional.
b. Interstate commerce could only be regulated by the national
government.
c. A president can exercise executive privilege in foreign policy.
d. Indians can have redress in the federal courts.

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59. Which one of the following is NOT true of the presidential election of
1816?
a. Monroe, last of the Virginia dynasty, was elected.
b. It was the last one in which the Federalists had a candidate.
c. An "Era of Good Feelings" was the new mood.
d. Jeffersonian economic policy was continued.
60. This area was gained in the Adams-Onis Treaty:
a. Oregon.
b. Alta California.
c. Maine.
d. Florida.
61. Which one of the following was NOT part of the principles of political
community represented by Van Buren's Bucktails?
a. Party loyalty.
b. Organization & discipline.
c. Majority rule.
d. Restricting suffrage.
62. The extension of suffrage to all white males first was done by
a. New England states.
b. New western states.
c. The lower South.
d. Pennsylvania.
63. The "corrupt bargain" was
a. Van Buren's denunciation of rich patronage to friends and relatives.
b. Jackson's ignoring of Supreme Court decisions.
c. Jackson's objections to Clay becoming Adams" secretary of state.
d. Jackson' supporters' view of the Second Bank of the United States.
64. Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, and Henry Clay were examples of
a. Leading sectional politicians.
b. Crafty deal makers.
c. Men from the West who had the "common touch."
d. Candidates with family money to finance new mass campaigning.
65. Jackson vetoed the Maysville Road Bill of 1830 because he
a. Disapproved of any federal funding for internal improvements.
b. Felt it infringed on state powers.
c. Objected to it being funded by the Second Bank of the United States.
d. Knew it was unpopular with western voters.
66. The Supreme Court's decision in Gibbons v. Ogden and Dartmouth College
v. Woodward
a. Asserted the broad power of the federal government over interstate
commerce.
b. Questioned the constitutionality of federal law limited the expansion
of slavery.
c. Strengthened the power of state governments in commercial matters.
d. Denied the states the right to tax branches of the Second Bank of the
United States.

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67. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves and the Hartford Convention had
considered this issue which came up again in tariff debates:
a. Nullification.
b. Presidential veto power.
c. Universal manhood suffrage.
d. Slavery.
68. The "Trail of Tears" describes the removal of this group to Oklahoma:
a. Creeks.
b. Choctaws.
c. Cherokees.
d. Seminoles.
69. An opponent of the Second Bank of the United States during the Bank War
would most likely have argued that
a. The bank lacked the power to stabilize the economy.
b. The bank pursued an excessively loose credit policy.
c. The bank's issuance of paper money caused inflation.
d. Bankers were manipulative, elitist, and untrustworthy.
70. Which one of these is the RESULT of the others?
a. Cotton boom.
b. Huge increase in domestic slave trade.
c. Whitney-Greene cotton gin.
d. British and Americans ban international slave trade.
71. Which one of the following is the MOST true of the South in regard to
industrialization
a. Urban growth kept pace with the North.
b. They failed to recognize industrial and transportation potential.
c. Southerners chose to concentrate on cotton.
d. They had 75 percent of the nation's railroads to transport cotton.
72. Both enslaved and free blacks had more opportunity to do skilled
occupations in the South than in the North because
a. The South failed to attract much immigrant labor.
b. Southerners felt blacks were more intelligent than northerners did.
c. Southern whites wouldn't do them.
d. Southerners preferred their loyalty compared to white laborers.
73. A common defense of the institution of slavery by slave owners was that
a. Slaves were treated better than northern industrial workers.
b. Slave children played with white children.
c. Slaves lived better on southern plantations than the natives in
Africa.
d. Slaves lived much longer than whites.

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74. As a result of the uncovering of the Denmark Vesey conspiracy in 1822,
a. South Carolina passed legislation making it easier to free one's
slaves.
b. Whites appealed to the African Methodist Episcopal church to restrain
its members from encouraging slave rebellion.
c. Black seamen were seized and jailed while in port at Charleston.
d. Immigration from Haiti was halted.
75. When a slave was "sold down the river," it meant that he was
a. Sold to a riverboat captain.
b. Betrayed by a fellow slave as a conspirator in rebellion.
c. Sold to an owner in the deep South.
d. Being punished for trying to escape down the river.
76. Prior to the Civil War, only this fraction of white families owned
slaves
a. 2/3
b. 3/4
c. 1/3
d. 1/10
77. The word "yeoman" was often applied to
a. Independent farmers who lived on family size farms.
b. Large plantation owners.
c. Slaves who worked on the riverboats.
d. Slaves who had families.
78. The planter elite consciously worked to create a lifestyle that
resembled the
a. French aristocracy.
b. Creole aristocracy.
c. English aristocracy.
d. Spanish Grandees.
79. A "Gag Rule" can be invoked by Congress to
a. Prevent consideration of sensitive issues.
b. Prevent the media from publishing accounts of congressional debates.
c. Censor mailed material.
d. Limit free speech.
80. The organization of a family business in the pre-industrial era was
a. A rigid factory system.
b. Equalitarian.
c. Patriarchal.
d. Strictly divided between work and leisure.
81. As an early 1800s Cincinnati merchant, you were most likely to be
financing
a. Cotton textile manufacturing.
b. Canal construction.
c. Steamboat construction.
d. Railroads.

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82. In
be
a.
b.
c.
d.

New England, these two conditions for rapid industrialization could

found:
Canals and railroads.
Swift rivers and wealthy investors.
Education population and shipping.
Commercial farms and mining.

83. Typical textile mills that developed across New England employed
primarily
a. Male textile apprentices.
b. Women and children.
c. Master craftsmen and their sons.
d. Unemployed ship workers.
84. The British dubbed this "the American system of manufactures":
a. Unionized factories.
b. Family mills.
c. Interchangeable parts.
d. Precise timekeeping.
85. The breakdown of the family work system may have had a liberating effect
on
a. Free African Americans.
b. Farm women and children.
c. Apprentices.
d. Wage slaves.
86. Many of the first strikes in American labor history were led by
a. Apprentices.
b. Middle class reformers.
c. Irish immigrants.
d. Rural women workers.
87. The major factor sending waves of Irish immigrants to the United States
between 1845 and 1849 was
a. The Irish Potato Famine.
b. Parliament's passage of anti-Catholic legislation.
c. The collapse of the Irish government.
d. Major flooding that destroyed Irish corps and livestock.
88. German immigrants would be LEAST likely to settle
a. In the cities of Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis.
b. On farms of Ohio, Indiana, and Missouri.
c. In Texas.
d. In northeastern cities.
89. What contributed toward orienting the attention of each of the major
seaports away from the oceans and toward trade with the nation's
interior?
a. The market revolution.
b. The industrial revolution.
c. Immigration.
d. Urbanization.

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90. Most early nineteenth century cities lacked
a. Municipal water supplies, sewers, and garbage collection.
b. Places for wealthy people to live.
c. Streetcars.
d. "Rookeries."
91. A famous French nobleman who visited the United States in the 1830's and
made many astute observations about the young nation was
a. Citizen Genet.
b. Alexis De Tocqueville.
c. John Locke.
d. M. Condorcet.
92. The political organization that became the center of the new mass
politics in the mid-nineteenth century American city was the
a. Citywide workingmen's association.
b. Political machine.
c. Ethnic reform association.
d. Mutual aid society.
93. The Lewis and Clark expedition was financed by
a. The federal government.
b. The personal fortune of Thomas Jefferson.
c. Subscriptions from land speculators.
d. Fur traders.
94. Prior to the 1830's the dominant industry in the Oregon Territory was
a. Fishing.
b. Whaling.
c. The fur trade.
d. Farming.
95. The United States gained the Oregon Territory south of the 49th parallel
by
a. A treaty with Great Britain.
b. Defeating the British in a war.
c. A treaty with Russia.
d. Defeating the Mexicans in a war.
96. In the early nineteenth century, these Indian tribes dominated the
southern high plains:
a. Navajos and Hopis.
b. Cherokees and Creeks.
c. Comanches and Apaches.
d. Seminoles and Crows.
97. Stephen F. Austin and his hand-picked fellow colonists in Texas agreed
to Mexican terms that they
a. Sever all ties with the United States.
b. Bring no slaves into Mexican territory.
c. Accept the Catholic faith.
d. Irrigate the land on which they settled.

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98. Austin's Texas colonists most represented what region of the United
States?
a. New England.
b. The South.
c. The Old Northwest.
d. The Pacific Northwest.
99. All of the following were reasons why Texans rebelled against the
Mexican government EXCEPT:
a. The government outlawed slavery.
b. The Mexicans began raising the price of land.
c. The government began to restrict American immigration.
d. The government began to levy customs duties and taxes.
100. The Republic of Texas was not immediately annexed by the United States
largely because of
a. The fact that Texas would have to be admitted as a slave state.
b. The opposition of Stephen F. Austin.
c. Fear that there were too many outlaws residing in the republic.
d. The isolationist policies of the Democratic Party.
101. During the Mexican War, northern Whigs began to characterize the war as
a/an
a. Unwinnable conflict.
b. Racist plot against a weaker nation.
c. Part of a southern conspiracy to expand slavery.
d. Mexican scheme to claim disputed gold fields on the Colorado.