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1. pH larutan asid/alkali (struktur)

2. garam terlarutkan dan tak terlarutkan (esei)
3. rate of reaction (factor mangkin) (struktur/esei)
4. rate of reaction (factor suhu) esei
5. pengaratan besi (struktur) + heat of
combustion(struktur)
6. reactivity of group 1 element with water (struktur)

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1
When 124g of copper(II) carbonate is heated, black colour of the residue and colourless gas
produced.
[Given that the relative atomic mass of Cu,64;O,16;C,12:
Volume of 1 mol of gas = 24 dm3 at room condition]
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
iv.
v.
vi.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

[2 marks]
Describe the chemical equation in (i).
[1 mark]
Name the residue and the colourless gas produced.
[2 marks]
State the physical properties of the residue.
[1 mark]
Calculate the number of mole of copper(II) carbonate used. [1 mark]
Calculate the volume of colourless gas produced.
[3 marks]
Write a chemical equation when the residue is reacted with
hydrochloric acid.
[2 marks]
Based on chemical equation in (vi),
Describe chemical test that can be used to verify the cation in the solution
For the salt formed.
[ 3 marks]

vii.

Zinc
carbonate

Diagram 2
2.

Limewater

Diagram 2 shows set-up of the apparatus for an experiment when 6.5 g of zinc carbonate powder is
heated strongly. A residue of Solid X which is yellow in colour when hot and white in colour when
cooled and the colourless gas Y are produced.
(a)

State the type of reaction for the preparation of zinc (II) carbonate in a laboratory.
Precipitation/double decomposition
[ 1mark]

(b)

(i)

Name gas Y.

(ii)

State the observation when gas Y passed through the limewater.

[2 marks]
(c)

Name solid X.

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[1 mark]
(d)

Write the chemical equation for a reaction above.

[2 marks]

(e)

Calculate :
(i)

the number of moles of zinc carbonate used.

[Relative formula mass for zinc carbonate = 125]

[1 mark]
(ii)

The mass for solid X produced

[Relative molecular mass: X,81]

(iii)

the volume of carbon dioxide gas obtained at room condition.

[1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition]

[2 marks]
(f) Calculate the number of ion in 1.0 mole of the chloride metal formed when Solid X is reacted
with hydrochloric acid.
[Avogadros constant = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1]

[2 mark]

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QUESTION 2

Burette

Dilute hydrochloric acid

25 cm3, 0.5 mol dm -3 sodium hydroxide solution

+ a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator
Diagram 2
Diagram 2 shows the apparatus setup to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid.

(a) (i)

State the colour change occurred in the conical flask when

the end point is reached.
Explain why.
[ 3 mark ]

(b) Name the analysis technique used and the type of reaction involved in
this experiment.
[ 2 marks ]

(c) The average volume of hydrochloric acid used in this experiment is 12.50 cm3.
Calculate the molarity of hydrochloric acid used.

[ 3 marks ]
(d) You are given copper(II) nitrate solution.
(i)

Describe how you would test for the presence of cation and anion in the solution.

[ 6 marks ]
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QUESTION 3

Hydrogen
gas

Chlorine gas

1.0 mol dm -3 of
Sodium chloride solution
Carbon
electrode X

Carbon
electrode Y

Explain the reactions at electrodes, X and Y based on the statements below:

Statement

Electrode X

List of Ions that attracted to

electrodes

Names of the ion selectively

discharged
The reason why the ion are
selectively discharged

Half equation for the reaction

Observation

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Electrode Y

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QUESTION 4

Diagram 9
Diagram 9 shows the apparatus set-up for electrochemical cell.
(a) What is the role of Part X in the electrochemical cell ?
To produce electricity
[ 1 mark]
(b) State the energy change that occurs in Part X and Part Y.
(i)

Part X:

(ii)

Part Y :
[ 2 marks]

(c) On Diagram 9, mark the

(i)

(ii)
(d) (i)

Positive terminal of Part X.

Direction of the electron flow.

[ 2 marks ]

What can be observed on the zinc plate of Part X ?

[1 mark]

(iii)

Write the half-equation of the reaction that occurs at (d)(i).

[1 mark ]

(e) (i)
(ii)

In Diagram 9 , label the anode of Part Y by writting the word anode. [1 mark]
Write the half-equation of the reaction that occurs at the anode in Part Y.
[ 1 mark]

(f) State the colour changed of copper(II) sulphate solution in part X.

Explain why.
[2 marks]
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QUESTION 5

Compound J

Solid M + Gas K [Brown colour and acidified] +Gas L [Colourless]

Heat

White
precipitate Q
Dissolved in
excess sodium
hydroxide
solution

Dissolved in
water
Reaction I

Colourless J
solution

+ NaOH (aq)

Reaction II

+ H2SO4 (aq)

White
precipitate R

Diagram 4
Diagram 4 shows a series of process done by a student to identify a compound J.
(a)

With refer to reaction I, white precipitate Q is formed which is soluble in excess sodium hydroxide
solution. Name all the ions which are probably presence in solution J.

(b)

Referring to reaction I and II, name the cation presence in solution J.

(c )

Write down the ionic equation for the reaction forming the white precipitate, R.

(d)

(i)

Name two cations which produced white precipitate that will not dissolve
in excess sodium hydroxide solution.

(ii)

State one confirmatory test for one cations presence in (d)(ii).

[3 marks]
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QUESTION 6
Table 1 shows the observations from some test carried out on salt Y.
Test
Ujian
I: Heating of solid salt Y and test with moist
blue litmus paper

Observation
Pemerhatian
A metal oxide is formed and acidified
brown gas released.

II: Salt Y solution is mixed with excess

sodium hydroxide solution

A white precipitate which is insoluble in

excess sodium hydroxide is formed

Table 1
i.

Identify an anion that is present in Test I and describe a chemical test to verify the anion .
[4
marks]

ii.

Identify cation that are present in Test II and describe a chemical test to verify the cations.
[4 marks]

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QUESTION 7:
Compound J

Oxide M
[Brown when hot,
yellow when cooled]

Heat

Gas L
[Colourless]

+ dilute nitric
acid

White
precipitate Q
Dissolved in
excess sodium
hydroxide
solution

Reaction I

Colourless J
solution

+ NH3 (aq)

Reaction II

White
precipitate R
+ Na2SO4 (aq)

Diagram 2
Diagram 2 shows a series of process done by a student to identify a compound J.
(a)

(b)

With refer to reaction I, white precipitate Q is formed which is soluble in excess sodium
hydroxide solution.
Name all the ions which are probably presence in solution J.
......................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
Referring to reaction I and II,
name the cation presence in solution J.
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c )

Write the ionic equation for the reaction forming the white precipitate, R.

[2 marks]

(d)

Name two cations which produced white precipitate that

will not dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide solution.

[1 mark]

(e)

State one confirmatory test for one cations presence in (d).

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................
[4 marks]
QUESTION 8

Carbon

Carbon
Bromine water

Iron(II) sulphate solution

Dilute sulphuric acid

Diagram 3
Diagram 3 shows the set up of the apparatus of an experiment to investigate the transfer of
electrons at a distance.
(a)

State the colour change of iron(II) sulphate solution.

........................................................
..........................................................................
[1 mark]

(b)

Write the half equation for the reaction in (3)(a).

..
[1 mark]

(c)

State the change in oxidation number of iron.

.
[1 mark]

(d)

Referring to the reaction that takes place in bromine water.

(i)

State the type of reaction that occurs.

.
[1 mark]

(ii)

Write the half equation for the reaction .

.........................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii)

What is the function of bromine water?

[1 mark]

(e)

Show the direction of the electron flows in the diagram 3.

(f)

What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid?

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[1 mark]

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.
[1 mark]
QUESTION 9

Butane

Process I

But-1-ene
Process II

Butan-1-ol
Process IV
Process III

Compound Q

Butanoic acid

Diagram 4
Diagram 4 shows a flow chart for a series of changes of organic compounds from one homologous
series to another homologous series.
(a)

Draw the structural formulae of the isomer of butane.

[2 marks]
(b)

But-1-ene can be used to produce butane in Process I.

(i)

Name the type of reaction for process I.

..
[1 mark]

(ii)

State the condition required for Process I to occur.

.
[1 mark]

(c)

Process II converts but-1-ol to but-1-ene.

(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction

.........................................................................................
[2 marks]

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(ii)

State the condition required for reaction I to occur.

.
[1 mark]

(iii)

Draw a label diagram for the set up of apparatus required for

proses II.

[2 marks]

(d)

Name the reagent used for conversion of butan-1-ol to butanoic acid.

[1 mark]

(e)

(i)

Write the chemical equation for the production of

compound Q in process IV.
.........................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii)

Name the compound Q produced.

..
[1 mark]

(c)

Draw the graph of total volume of gas collected against time. [4 marks]

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QUESTION 9
A student carried out the electrolysis of dilute silver nitrate solution by using carbon
electrodes. Table 5.1 below shows the result of the experiment.
Experiment Description

Observation

Electrolysis of dilute silver nitrate solution.

Gas bubbles are released at the anode.

Table 5.1
(a)

(i)

What is meant by anion?

[1 mark ]

(ii)

What is the energy change that occurs in this electrolysis process?

[1 mark ]

(iii)

In the Table 5.2 below, give all the formula of the ions in the electrolysis
process of dilute silver nitrate solution which moved to the anode and cathode.
[2 marks]
Anode

Cathode

Table 5.2
(b)

(i)

Write the ionic equation at :

Anode

:
[1 mark ]

(ii)

State how would you verify the gas released at the anode.
..

[2 marks]

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(c)

Draw the set up of the apparatus to carry out this experiment.

In your diagram, show how the gas is collected.

[3 marks]
QUESTION 10

Process I

Propene, C3H6

Process II

Alcohol P

Carbon dioxide gas + water

DIAGRAM 6
6.

Diagram 6 shows the conversion of propene, C3H6 to carbon dioxide gas and water.
(a)

Process I is a hydration process.

What are the three conditions needed for the process I.
i.

ii.

iii.

[ 3 marks ]

(b)

In Process II, Alcohol P burns in excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
(i)

Name process II.

.
[ 1 mark ]

(ii)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction in Process II.

.
[ 2 marks ]

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(c )

Alcohol P produced in the reaction has two isomers.

Draw the structural formula of one the isomers and name the isomer..

[ 2 marks ]
(d)

Propene, C3H6 can be converted back to Alcohol P by dehydration process. Draw a

labelled diagram to show the set up of apparatus used in the process.

[ 2 marks ]
QUESTION 11

2. The research and development of chemistry has led to the production of useful manufactured
substances to improve our quality of life. Table 2 shows some examples of these substances.
Types of substance

Examples

Polymer

Polyvinyl chloride

Composite

Reinforced concrete

Glass

Soda- lime glass

Ceramic

Cement
Table 2

(a)

(i)

What is meant by a polymer?

...............................................................................................................................

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...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Polyvinyl chloride is often used in the making of water pipes. State one
advantage of this type of pipe compared to iron pipe.
........................................................................................................
.......................
[1 mark]
(iii) Draw a structural formula of polyvinyl chloride.

[1 mark]
(b)

Reinforced concrete is the composite material used in the construction of framework

of highways, bridges and high-rise building.
(i) What substance is added to concrete to make reinforced concrete?
..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) What is the advantage of using reinforced concrete compared to concrete?
.....................................................................................................................

.......................
[1 mark]
(c)

Preserved food is usually stored in glass containers.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Explain why glass containers are more suitable for storing preserved food than
metal containers.
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
List the chemical composition of soda lime glass.
...............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
Soda lime glass cannot withstand high temperature. Name another type of glass
that is more heat-resistant.
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(d)

Cement is an example of ceramic used as building materials. Name another ceramic

that is also used as building materials.

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........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
QUESTION 12
(a)

What is an alloy?
[1 mark]

(b)

Diagram below shows the arrangement of atoms in pure metal.

Pure metal X
(i)

Pure metal Y

Draw the arrangement of atoms when pure metal X and pure

Metal Y are mixed together.

[2 marks]
(ii)

An alloy is harder than its pure metal. Explain why.

[2 marks]
(c )

Diagram 3 shows the flow chart for the industrial manufacture of sulphuric acid.

Sulphur

Sulphur dioxide
Heat
V2O5, 1 atm
450 0C 500 0C

Sulphuric acid

Concentrated
H2SO4,

Oleum

Diagram 3

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Based on Diagram 3, answer the following questions.

(i )

Name the process of manufacturing sulphuric acid

[1 mark]

(ii)

Name the substance X.

[1 mark]

(iii)

Write the chemical equation when oleum reacts with water to form sulphuric
acid.
[2 marks]

(d)

There are four types of glasses that are used in our daily lives.
(i)

Name the major component of glass.

[1 mark]

(ii)

Table 2 shows three types of glasses and their uses.

Complete the table.

Type of glass
Borosilicate glass

Uses
Cookware
Laboratory glassware

.............................................

Decorative lamp
Prism

Bottle
Mirrors
Table 2
[2 marks]

(iii)

Why is borosilicate glass suitable to make cookware and laboratory glassware?

.
[1 mark]

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QUESTION 13

Process
C
State 3
Process
A

Process
B
Process
D
State 4

State 1

State 2

The experiment in diagram above shows the change of matter from one state to another state.
(a) Name the process:
(i)

Process A : ..

(ii)

Process B : ..

(iii)

Process C:

(iv)

Process D : ..

(b)

Draw the arrangement of particles for state 1, state 2 and state 3.

State 1
(c)

(d)

State 2

Compare the water particles in solid and liquid forms in terms of:
(i)

Attrative force between the particles

(ii)

Energy content

(iii)

Movement of particles
State whether energy is absorbed or released when ice melts.

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State 3

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QUESTION 14
Diagram 2 shows the symbols of atom for element U, V, W and X.
23
11

24
12

35
17

40
18

12
6

DIAGRAM 2
(a) Write the electron arrangement of atom W.
.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) (i)

Element U, V ,W and X are placed in the same period in the Periodic Table.
State the period for the elements.
Period: ...................................
[2 marks]

(ii)

Explain why the elements are place in the same period.

................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
[2 marks ]

(ii) Arrange the elements in decreasing order in state of the atomic size.
.................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv)

Explain why element Y can exist as a monoatomic atom.

[2 marks]

(c)

Element V can react with element W to form a compound.

(i)

Write the chemical formula for the compound.

..............................................................................................................
[1 mark ]

(ii)

State one physical property for the compound formed.

....
[1 mark ]

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(d)

When element Y react with element W, a compound is produced.

(i)

State the type of the compound produced.

..............................................................................................................
[1 mark ]

(ii)

State one physical property for the compound formed.

....
[1 mark ]

(ii)

Draw the electron arrangement for the compound in (d) (i).

[2 marks]
(e)

State a compound that can conduct electricity.

Explain why.

[2 marks]
QUESTION 15
Table 1 shows the atomic structure of six elements. A,B,C,D,E and F are not the actual symbols of the
elements.
Element

Proton

Neutron

Electrons

A
B
C
D
E
F

6
6
8
11
18
20

6
8
10
12
22
20

6
6
8
10
18
18

Table 1
Use information from Table 1 to answer the following questions.
(a) State three types of subatomic particles in an atoms
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[1 mark]

(b) (i)

State one element that exists as a positive ion?

[ 1 mark]

(ii)

State the electron arrangement of the element mentioned in 1(i).

.
[ 1 mark]

(c) (i)

State the element that exist as a noble gas?

[ 1 mark]

(ii)

Explain why element in 1(iii) does not react with other elements.
.
.................................................................................................
................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]

(d)

Which elements exists as diatomic molecule?

[ 1 mark]

(e)

Write the ionic equation for the compound formed between element C and D.

[ 2 mark]

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ESSAY
QUESTION 1
(a) Salts can be classified into soluble and insoluble salt.
(i)

Name one example of an insoluble chloride salt.

[ 1 mark ]

(ii)

Name the chemical needed to prepare salt in (a) and name the reaction.
[ 3 marks]

(b) Diagram 8 shows a flow chart of the qualitative analysis of substance X.

Black powder of X
+ H2SO4

Blue solution of Y
+ NaOH
solution

Blue Precipitate

Diagram 8
Based on Diagram 8, identify the
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Black powder of X
Blue solution of Y
Cation and anion of Y solution
[ 4 marks]

(c )

An experiment is carried out to construct an ionic equation for an insoluble salts, lead(II)
chromate (VI).
A fixed volume of 5.0 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm -3 lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 solution is
placed into each of the eight test tube of the same size.
Different volume of 1.0 mol dm -3 potassium chromate (VI), K2CrO4 solution is
added to each test tube.
The height of the yellow precipitate, lead(II) chromate(VI) formed into each test
tube is measured, recorded and plotted in graph 8.

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Graph 8
Based on graph 8:
(i)

Calculate

(ii)

The number of moles of lead(II) ions used

The number of moles of potassium chromate(IV) that has reacted
completely with 5.0 cm 3 of lead(II) nitrate.
[ 4 marks]

Based on the answer in (c )(i), construct an ionic equation for the formation of
lead(II) chromate(VI)

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[ 2 marks]

QUESTION 2
(a)

(i)
(ii)

What is meant by an electrolyte?

Give one examples of electrolyte solution with the formula of XY2 and
describe a chemical test for a cations in the solution.
[5 marks]

(b) A student intends to electroplate the iron spoon that is easily to rust with a silver metal to make
it look more attractive and more resistant to corrosion. Design a laboratory experiment to
electroplate the iron spoon.
Your answer should consist of the following:

Chemicals required
Procedures of the experiment
Diagram showing the set up of apparatus
Half equations at anode and cathode

Observation at anode and cathode

[10 marks]
QUESTION 3
(a)
(a)

What is meant by heat of neutralization?

[2 marks]

An experiment was carried out to determine heat of neutralization

between acids and an alkali. Table 7 shows the results of the experiment for two
types of acids.
( Specific heat capacity of water; 4.2 J g-1 oC-1 ; Density of water : 1 g cm-3)
Experiment

Substance

Volume
/ cm3

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Concentration
/ mol dm-3

Heat of
neutralization, H

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(kJ/mol)
Hydrochloric acid

sodium hydroxide
II

25.0
25.0

Ethanoic acid

25.0

sodium hydroxide

25.0

2.0
-57
2.0
2.0
-55
2.0

Table 7
For experiment I,
(i)

Write a chemical equation for the reactions in experiment I

and experiment II.
[4 marks]
(ii) Calculate the heat change for both experiments
[4 marks]
(iii) Draw an energy level diagram for both reactions.
[4 marks]

(b)

Based on the data provided in Table 7, explain why heat of neutralization for
Experiment II is lower than in Experiment I.
[2 marks]

(d)

Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the heat of neutralization

between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Your answer should consist of the following:

List of materials and apparatus

Procedures of the experiment

Precaution step
[10 marks]

QUESTION 4
A student carried out an experiment to determine the value of heat of neutralization. Diagram 3 shows the
set-up apparatus used in the experiment.

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Diagram 3
The following data obtained:
Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid, 1
= 30 0C
Highest temperature of the mixture of product, 2 = 43.5 0C
In this experiment, 50 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm -3 of sodium hydroxide solution is added to 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm3
of hydrochloric acid.
Given that the specific heat of capacity of the solution is 4.2 J g -1 0C-1 and the density of the solution is 1.0 g
cm-3 .
Based on the informations given above:
(a) Calculate:
(i)
(ii)

Heat released from the experiment.

Heat of neutralization for the reaction.

(b) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction.

QUESTION 5:
Diagram below shows changes of a carbon compound involving a series of reactions.

+ H2
Propane

Heat

acidified
Potassium
dichromate(VI)

Alumina
Propene

Heat

Alcohol Y

Propanoic acid

(a) The information below is regarding alcohol Y:

Carbon 60.00%
Hydrogen 13.33%
Oxygen 26.67%
Relative molecular mass = 60
Relative atomic mass of H = 1 , O= 16 and C = 12

Based on the information of the alcohol Y:

(i) Determine the empirical formula
(ii) Determine the molecular formula
(iii) Name the alcohol Y
(iv) Write the general formula for its homologous series
(b) Draw the structural formula of two Alcohol Y isomers.
Name both isomers.

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[7 marks]
[4 marks]

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(c ) (i) The information below is regarding alkene Y.

Carbon 85.7%
Hydrogen 14.3%
Relative molecular mass = 42
Relative atomic mass of H = 1 ,and C = 12

Based on the information of the alcohol Y:

(i) Determine the molecular formula
(ii) Draw the structural formula
(iii) Name the alkene
(iv) Write the general formula for its homologous series
(d) Comparing the difference in the physical properties of hexane,C2H14 and cyclohexene , C6H10
in terms of their sootiness of the flame.
Given that relative atomic mass for H=1 and C=2.
[5 marks]

(e) Table below shows the results of a test to differentiate between propene and propane.
Procedure
Bromine water is added to propene
Bromine water is added to propane

Observation
Brown colour is decolourized
Brown colour remains

Explain why there is difference in these observations.

[4 marks]

QUESTION 6:
(a)

Diagram 1 shows two reagent bottles each containing an aqueous solution.

Diagram 1
Qualitative analysis can be used to determine the presence of cations and anions in solutions.
Describe chemical test that can be used to verify the ions in each solution.
[10 marks]
(b)

A pupil carried out an experiment to investigate the chemical changes that occur to copper (II)
chloride as a result of reaction P.
The result of the experiment is shown in Diagram 2

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Diagram 2
(i) The chemical equation for reaction P is as follows:
PbCl2 + Na2CO3

2NaCl + PbCO3

Excess sodium carbonate is added to 50 cm3 of mol dm-3 lead(II) chloride. Given that the
relative molecular mass of PbCO3= 267.
Calculate the mass of lead(II) carbonate precipitate formed.
[2 marks]
(ii) Name solid X and state its colour.

[2 marks]

(iii) Name gas Y and describe a method to verify its identity.

[2 marks]

QUESTION 7
(a)

(a)

(i)

Explain why pure copper is softer than its alloy.

[ 3 marks]

(ii)

Draw the arrangement of atoms in pure copper and its alloy.

[ 2 marks]

(iii)

State the aim of alloying.

[3 marks]

(ii)

State the alloy suitable for building bodies of planes and give reasons for your answer.
[3 marks]

Describe a laboratory experiment to compare the hardness between an alloy

and its pure metal.
Your answer should consist of the following:

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Diagram showing the set-up of apparatus
List of apparatus
Procedures of the experiment
[10 marks

QUESTION 8
A group of pupils carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of a reaction.
Table 3 shows information about the reactants and the temperature used in each experiment.
Experiment

Temperature /0C

Reactants
Excess calcium carbonate chips and
30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
Excess calcium carbonate chips and
30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
Excess calcium carbonate chips and
30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid

I
II
III

30
40
40

Table 3
(i) Sketch a graph to shows the result for the experiments. [ 2 marks ]
(ii)

Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I.

[2 marks]

(iii) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between calcium carbonate and
hydrochloric acid.
CaCO3 + 2HCI

CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

Given that the relative atomic mass of C=12, O=16, Ca=40 and the molar volume of any
gas in 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure.
Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas produced in Experiment II.
[4 mark]
QUESTION 9
A student carried out three experiments to investigate the effects of the factor influencing the rate of
reaction. Table I shows the result of the experiments.
Eksperiment

I
3

Set-up of
apparatus

50 cm sulphuric
acid 1.0 mol dm -3
acid

6.5g
Zinc strip

II

III

50 cm
sulphuric acid
1.0 mol dm -3
acid

50 cm 3 sulphuric acid
1.0 mol dm -3

6.5g
Zinc strip
6.5g
Zinc strip

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Temperature/0C

30

40

60

Time taken for

all the zinc to
dissolve/s

100

40

30

Table 1
(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced.
[Relative atomic mass: Mg, 65; molar gas volume; 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition]
[6 marks]

(ii)

Calculate the average rate of reaction for the Experiment I, II, and III in cm3 s-1.
[3 marks]

(iii)

State a factor that effect the rate of reaction for the experiment above
And explain based on collision theory.
[6 marks]

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