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1. Volume of Distribution
2. Clearance
3. Loading Dose
4. Maintenance Dose
1b
3b
LD= Css x Vd
4b
MD= Css x Cl
5b
Symp=mydriasis (dilates
pupil)
Para= miosis (constricts
pupil)
9b
Symp= relaxation
Para= constriction
11b
Symp= ejaculation
Para= erection
13b
What three
anticholinesterases used to
treat Alzheimer's disease?
17a
Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine
17b
1. Thymic hyperplasia
2. Thymic atrophy
3. Thymoma
19b
Pralidoxime
21b
Oxybutynin
Tolterodine
Darifenacin & Solifenacin
Trospium
24b
In what patient
populations/disease is
atropine contraindicated?
25a
Glaucoma
BPH
GI obstruction
Dementia
Infant with fever
25b
Pilocarpine
Bethanechol
Carbechol
27b
Name 7 anti-Ach-esterases.
28a
Physostigmine, Neostigmine,
Pyridostigmine
Echothiophate
Edrophonium
Donepezil & Rivastigmine
(Alzheimer's)
28b
Name 9 anti-muscarinic
drugs.
29a
Oxybutynin
Atropine
Darifenacin
Ipratropium
Tropicamide
Benztropine
Scopalomine
Tolteridine
Trospium
29b
Pralidoxime
30b
1. Cause= parathion/
organophosphate poisoning
2. MOA= increased parasympathetic
stimulation by inhibiting Achesterase--> Muscarinic receptor
stimulation
31b
Parlidoxime (Tupam) to
regenerate Ach-esterase
32b
Ipratropium
33b
Bethanechol
34b
Pilocarpine, muscarinic
antagonist, anti-cholinergic
drug or a sympathetic
agonist.
35b
Phase I metabolism
39b
Phase 1- Is it safe
Phase 2- Does it work
Phase 3- Is it more effective
Phase 4- Long-term
monitoring
40b
alpha-1= Gq
alpha-2= Gi
Beta-1= Gs
Beta-2= Gs
43b
M1= Gq
M2- Gi
M3- Gq
D1- Gs
D2- Gi
44b
1. 4 half lives
2. Vd & Clearance
45b
alpha-2
47b
D1=D2
48b
49b
Beta-2
50b
alpha-1/alpha-2 > B1
51b
Beta-1 = Beta-2
52b
53b
54b
Which sympathomimetic is
given as a nebulizer for
asthma?
55a
Which sympathomimetic is
the drug of choice for
anaphylaxis?
56a
Epinephrine
56b
Which sympathomimetic is
the most common first line
agent for pts in cardiogenic
shock?
57a
Dobutamine
57b
Which sympathomimetic is
most common first line agent
for pts in septic shock?
58a
NE
58b
Which sympathomimetic is
given subQ for asthma?
59a
Terbutaline
59b
Which sympathomimetic is
used by ENT to vasoconstrict
nasal vessels?
60a
Cocaine or phenylphrine
60b
Which sympathomimetic is
used to tx ADHD?
61a
Amphetamine
61b
Dopamine
62b
Early= asymptomatic
Late= areas of
reduced/absent vision,
contraction of visual field
from peripheral->central
66b
It's an emergency.
Sx= abrupt onset of pain, nausea,
colored halos and rainbows around
light
Signs= red, teary eye with hazy
cornea, fixed mid-dilated pupil that is
film to palpation
67b
68a
Via tonometry;
Opthalmoscopy with cupping
of optic disc (cup:disc ratio
>1:2)
68b
Cataracts
69b
Inhaled anesthetics
70b
Neuroleptics/ Anti-emetics
71b
Barbiturates
72b
Penicillins
73b
TCA's
74b
Beta blockers
75b
ACE inhibitors
77b
H2 antagonists
78b
Pituitary hormones
79b
Bisphosphonates for
osteoporosis
80b
Cholinesterase inhibitors
81b
HMG-CoA reductase
inhibitors
83b
Anti-helminths
84b
Benzos
85b
Anti-fungals
86b
Local anesthetics
87b
Protease inhibitors
89b
Haldol/neuroleptics
90b
Methylxanthines
91b
Beta-2 agonist
92b
TCA's
93b
Alpha-1 antagonists
94b
Angiotensin-II receptor
antagonist
95b
Anti-cholinesterase
96b
Non-depolarizing NM
blockers
97b
99b
107b
1. Biceps, brachialis,
coracobrachialis and skin of lateral
forearm
2. Weak arm and forearm flexion
and weak supination and loss of
sensation of the lateral forearm
108b
Axillary nerve
113b
Radial nerve
114b
Median nerve
115b
Radial nerve
117b
Axillary artery
118b
Median nerve
119b
Ulnar nerve
120b
Axillary nerve
121b
Median nerve
122b
A gymnast sustains an
anterior shoulder dislocation.
What nerve is most likely to
have been injured?
123a
With PE+alpha-agonist, BP is
suppressed but not reversed
With Epi+ alpha agonist, there is a
net decrease in BP because of
unopposed beta-2 action
127b
Impotence, asthma
exacerbation, sedation, sleep
alterations, Bradycardia ann
AV block
128b
1. Diabetics-masks sx of hypoglycemia
2. Asthmatics- only if non-selective is used
3. Heart block or on calcium channel
blockers
4. Pt with Pheochromocytoma
5. Cocaine abusers
129b
131b
Tocolysis to prevent
premature uterine
contractions and subQ in
asthma
133b
Sarcoidosis
135b
Tay-Sachs
Niemann-Pick's
Central retinal artery
occlusion
136b
137b
Pasturella multocida
138b
Measles
140b
Increased cortisol
142b
Increased aldosterone
143b
Loss of myenteric/Auerbach
plexus
Dx= Barium swallow with
bird's beak or manometry
148b
Goodpasture Syndrome
150b
Diabetic nephropathy
151b
Membranous
glomerulonephritis
152b
Membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis
153b
Acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis
154b
157a