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This is probably the SAT test writer's most favorite analogy. DOVE : BIRD is an example.
Cause/Effect
As the name implies, cause and effect analogies involve a noun or verb that in some leads to the other word. An example is
LAUGHTER : JOKE.
Without
In this analogy, one word means to lack the other word. An example would be HUNGER : FOOD.
Vocabulary
The relationships are not the primary obstacle with vocabulary analogies which seek more to test your vocabulary
knowledge. Hence, if you learn the most common vocabulary words, you will be most of the way towards getting these
questions correct. In any event, you should be able to use process of elimination for at least 1 or 2 answer choices. Since
there are a relatively small number of words the SAT test writers repeatedly use, any vocabulary deficiencies can be
overcome rather easily. You can visit ourbooks link to read our recommendations.
Now that you have seen the most common types of analogies used on the SAT, are you ready for some practice questions?
What not to do
The biggest mistake we have encountered with analogies are students who want to insist on approaching them by saying
"Wallet is to money as ..." While this may sound official, it is the wrong way to approach the analogies questions.
ANALOGY TIPS
Background Information:
o Analogy (analogies) is just a fancy term for word relationship(s).
o If you like math more than English, here is something you are going to like. Analogies are
the closest thing to an equation and solving for X that English class offers!
o Once you learn the most common kinds of analogies used in test situations, you will likely
find they are kind of fun to do like a word puzzle.
o Analogies involve critical thinking that is why they appear on the SAT tests, for
example. They show that you not only can tell what words mean in isolation, but you can
also find relationships that bind words together.
o Analogies involve a little bit of "secret language:"
[word 1] : [word 2] : : [word 3] : [word 4]
In this analogy format, : reads "is to" and : : reads "as"
[word 1] is to [word 2] as [word 3] is to [word 4]
Tips for Solving Analogies
Tip #1:
Answer choices are often determined by word choice:
When you are given a question like [word 1] : [word 2] : : ______________ and you have to choose
the correct set of words to complete the analogy, use the following tip:
CONCRETEare both words in the sample concrete items? (TILE: ROOF) If so, you are probably
looking for a choice of concrete items.
ABSTRACTare both words in the sample abstract ideas? (ETHICS: INTEGRITY) If so, you are likely
looking for a choice of abstract items.
COMBINATIONare both words in the sample a combination of concrete and abstract?
(INNOCENCE: CHILD) If so, you are likely looking for a choice that combines abstract and concrete.
Tip #2:
Always determine the relationship between the first two words before looking at the answer choices.
This
will help keep you from incorrectly choosing "decoy" choices.
For example: (teacher: staff)
This analogy is part to whole. The teacher is part of the staff. You now want to forget the two individual
words and just focus on the part to whole relationship. Look at how the following answer choices
purposely include references to school:A. Paper: pencil
B. Roll: roster
C. Absent: present
D. Iris: eye
E. graduate: detain
The correct answer would be D. (part to whole)
Tip #3:
Use parts of speech as a guidepost. If the first word is an adjective, followed by a noun, look for
that same
pattern among the choices.
(carnivorous: lion)
Don't reverse the pattern, either!
What if you're not certain if the first word in a few choices is an adjective or not? Use your word parts
to
guide you wherever possible. For example, many adjectives end in ive or able
Tip #4:
What if you do not know what the two words in the sample mean?
First of all, do not panic!
It is still possible to come up with a fairly educated guess!
Look closely at the two words to see if there is any prefix or suffix to help you figure out if the pair is a
simple synonym or antonym.
(intercalate: extirpate)
Interusually means between. So this word might mean something between two things or people.
(F.Y.I intercalate means to insert a day into a calendar)
Exusually means out. So this word might mean to take something out.
In verbal analogy questions students are provided with a pair of words having some meaningful relationship. This relationship
between words is generally accurate and definite. To answer analogy questions students have to select a pair of words, which outdo
all the available options and present the best connection in regard to main word expression. Consider the following example:
Sedative: Drowsiness
You feel sleepy or drowsy after taking sedative or sleeping pills.
Anesthetic: Numbness
You become numb after taking anesthetic drug
Lawyer: Courtroom
The place of lawyer is in classroom.
All these above mentioned pairs have an explicit relationship, and it is obvious that to constitute the relationship, a meaningful
sentence is to be formed taking both words into consideration.
Types of relationships for analogy questions
In analogy questions of GRE, the relationship between the words takes priority over the meanings of the words. The most common
analogy relationships include:
Definition: This type of analogy relation gives exact meaning or definition of the other word.
Eg. Meteorologist: Weather
(Meteorologist is a person who predicts weather)
Degree of intensity: One word of expression shows mild whereas other word conveys a more severe aspect of same
phenomenon.
Eg. Braying: Tittering
(Both words are different aspect of laugh braying means laugh loud whereas tittering means laugh nervously.)
Gender: One word is for male and other one represents its female counterpart.
Eg. Mare: Goat
( A female horse is a mare whereas stallion is a male horse)
Part to Whole: In this type of analogy, the first word is part of the second word or vice- versa.
Eg. Soldier: Regiment
( A soldier can be part of the regiment ).
Antonyms: In this type of analogy relation one word is the antonym of other.
Eg. Opaque: Transparency
(Both words are antonym to each other).
Synonyms: In these types of analogies both words convey similar meaning.
In total there are 11 analogy questions to answer in the GREs verbal section. Analogies can be improved with little bit practice, and
could be helpful in scoring well. Do share with us your views, comments on this blog by filling up the feedback section.
to fatigue." Stated another way, the relationship between aspirin and headache is the
same as the relationship between nap and fatigue.
Tips for Doing Analogies
boring : monotonous
genuine : phony
slender : skinny
clever : crafty : : modest : prim
5. Person Related to Tool, Major Trait, Skill, or Interest
writer : novel
wheels : bicycle
poison : death
shovel : dig
gold : valuable
cow : milk
light : knowledge
spinster : husband
Uncle Sam : U. S.
Verbal Analogies
Examples
bat/ball, bow/arrow, salt/pepper, bread/butter, fork/knife
big/small, stop/go, hot/cold, tall/short, wide/narrow, early/late,
graceful/clumsy, laugh/cry, dark/light, sharp/dull
big/large, stop/halt, cold/icy, thin/slim, small/tiny, sad/unhappy,
show/reveal, hide/conceal, hint/clue
green/color, ants/insect, rabbit/mammal, table/furniture, pants/clothing,
3/odd number, apple/fruit, lunch/meal, uncle/relative, sandal/shoe,
spring/season
whale/pod, kitten/litter, bird/flock, cow/herd, lion/pride, wolf/pack
plant/sprout, butterfly/caterpillar, cat/kitten, mother/baby, dog/puppy
characteristic
Opposites Analogies
Opposites are exactly as the word suggests, things that are opposite to each other. This is a common analogy type
which you will encounter fairly often and since words have only one opposite this this a pretty straightforward type
which does not leave much room for discussion.
Examples: crying & laughing, fire & water, question & answer, etcetera.
Rhyme Analogies
Rhyme comes in lots of different shapes and is used sometimes in word analogies. Keep in mind that not only the
standard perfect rhymes can be used but also other types like syllabic rhyme or half rhyme can be encountered. We
are not going to discuss all possible types of rhyme but for a full list click here. The rhyme analogy problem provided
it is no basic rhyme type can be a very hard analogy to encounter. Examples: deer & steer, red & rod, glasses &
mosses.
This should give you a nice lead for solving analogy problems in verbal reasoning tests. Please try our tests, read
some more about verbal reasoning in general or return to the home page by clicking one of the buttons below. For
more information about analogies and aptitude tests
3.
4.
5.
6.
Read the first question before you begin reading the passage.By doing so, you can read more actively
with an eye out for the information you need.
Read the entire passage straight through, with pencil in hand.As you read, jot down the passage's
key points in the form of a bullet list or rough outline. Your notes can help you locate details as you tackle
the questions. Your notes can also help you recall passage details without re-reading the passage.
Think thesis. After reading the entire passage, take about 15 seconds to sum it up by formulating a thesis
statement of sorts. With the passage's central idea firmly in mind you can confidently eliminate any answer
choice that runs contrary to it, no matter the question type.
Beware sucker-bait answer choices. Look out for answer choices that provide accurate passage
information but don't answer the question at hand. Also look out for answer choices that introduce
information or ideas beyond those stated or implied in the passage. Finally, if the passage's author
expresses his or her own viewpoint on the topic but discusses other points of view as well, beware answer
choices that attribute a viewpoint to the wrong source.
Consider each and every answer choice. Never confirm your answer to a question until you've read all
five choices. Keep in mind: the difference between the best response and the second-best response can be
subtle, especially when it comes to challenging questions.
Review all your answers before leaving a question set. GRE Reading Comprehension questions come
in sets of 2-4 questions per passage. Once you attempt all of the questions in a set, you'll probably have a
more complete understanding of the passage than when you started and may very well change your mind
about one or two of your answers, especially for earlier questions.
Getting good score in GER Verbal depends on how well you perform in GRE Verbal Reading
Comprehension section. If you have good reading seed, you can save time and spend more time in solving
the problem. Follow the Reading Comprehension Tips in this blog post and for sure you can see
improvement in your GRE Score.
Improving reading speed is something that you have to practice. To get started find your reading
Use pen or index finger and move it faster than the speed at which you read.
2. Practice to read more number of words when you move the eyes.
3. Use a card to block the text and move the card and try to read bit faster than the pace at which you can
understand.
Many of you will finds easy to read a given passage faster than your regular reading speed. But, can you
understand the message while reading at a pace faster than your regular speed? Overnight you cant
expect to improve the reading speed. Constant effort is required over a period of time. [20 Step by Step
2. Learning RC Strategies
3. Practicing new RC Strategies and remembering Reading Comprehension Tips
Increased reading speed with new Reading Comprehension strategies will help you improve your Verbal
Score. After reading this article, you will try practicing one of the 3 techniques above and when you take
Verbal practice test next day, you are not going to see any score improvement.
Hot Tips for GRE Reading Comprehension
1. Try to read the whole text of the passage once, if possible. Many people think you should just skim the passage or read the first lines of every
paragraph, and not to read the passage. We believe this is an error: if you misunderstand the main idea of the passage, you will certainly get at
least some of the questions wrong. Give the passage one good read, taking no more than 3 minutes to read all of the text. Do not read the passage
more than once that wastes too much time. If you have not understood it completely, try to answer the questions anyway. Note: this point of
reading the whole passage is important for test-takers whose first language is not English, provided that they can read the passage in 3 minutes or
less.
2. Make brief notes on the text on your scrap paper. As we will see below in greater detail, you should write down a couple of words on
A)
the
Main
Idea
or
Primary
B)
Organization/Structure
of
the
passage,
C)
the
Tone
or
Attitude
of
the
author
(if
You just need a few words for each of these areas, and altogether it should not take longer than 30 seconds to write down.
Purpose,
and
applicable).
3. Remember that the tone or attitude of the passage is usually respectful and moderate, never going to extremes of praise nor criticism. ETS
obtains its Reading Comprehension passages from real articles about real academics and professionals. So the tone of the articles, even when
there is criticism in the passage toward an academic or her work, is always balanced and moderate. In the same vein, articles that deal with
minorities or ethnic groups are almost always positive and sympathetic.
4. Look out for structural words that tell you the important ideas or transitions in a passage.
the
Continue
Similarly
Moreover
Additionally
In
Likewise
the
Idea
Words
same
way
Words
Conclusion
Thus
Therefore
Hence
So
In
In conclusion
Contradiction
Neverthless
Nonetheless
However
But
Although
Though
Even
Notwithstanding
Yet
Despite
In
On
While
Unlike
summary
or
Words
Contrast
though
spite
the
one
hand
on
the
other
of
hand
5. Go back to the text of the passage for the answers. Many test-takers fail to return to the text of the passage to look for the correct answers. They
rely solely on their memories and understanding of the passage after having read or skimmed it. Wrong. ETS is counting on that. Go back to the
text to look for information to answer the questions. Nine times out of ten, the answer lies within the passage.