UNIT-II

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

1. Classify IC engine according to cycle of cooling system and field of application.
Cooling System
-Water and air cooling
According to the application
-Stationary, Automotive, Marine, Locomotive, Aircraft etc.,
2. List the various components of IC engines.
Cylinder block
Cylinder
Piston
Piston rings
Combustion chamber
Inlet manifold
Exhaust manifold
Inlet and exhaust valves
Spark plug or injector
Connecting rod
Crankshaft
Camshaft
3. Name the basic thermodynamic cycles of the two types of internal combustion
reciprocating engines.
Otto cycle- petrol engine
Diesel cycle- diesel engine
Dual cycle- semi diesel engine
4. State the purpose of providing piston in IC engines.
The piston is the round cylindrical component that performs a reciprocating motion inside
the cylinder. While the cylinder itself is the female part, the piston is the male part. The
piston fits perfectly inside the cylinder. Piston rings are fitted over the piston. The gap
between the piston and the cylinder is filled by the piston rings and lubricating oil. The
piston is usually made up of aluminium.
5. What are the types of piston rings?
Compression ring
Oil ring
6. What is the use of connecting rod?
It is the connecting link between the piston and the crankshaft that performs the rotary
motion. There are two ends of the connecting rod called the small end and big end. The
small end of the connecting rod is connected to the piston by gudgeon pin, while the big
end is connected to crankshaft by crank pin.
7. Define: combustion chamber
It is in the combustion chamber where the actual burning of fuel occurs. It is the
uppermost portion of the cylinder enclosed by the cylinder head and the piston. When the
fuel is burnt, much thermal energy is produced which generates excessively high
pressures causing the reciprocating motion of the piston.

8. What is the use of crank shaft?

The crankshaft performs the rotary motion. It is connected to the axle of the wheels which
move as the crankshaft rotates. The reciprocating motion of the piston is converted in to
the rotary motion of the crankshaft with the help of connecting rod. The crankshaft is
located in the crankcase and it rotates in the bushings.
9. Define cam shaft
It takes driving force from crankshaft through gear train or chain and operates the inlet
valve as well as exhaust valve with the help of cam followers, push rod and rocker arms.
10. What is meant by heat engine?
A heat engine is a device which is used to convert the thermal energy into mechanical
energy.
11. Why a heat engine cannot have 100% efficiency?
For all the heat engines there will be a heat loss between system and surroundings.
Therefore we cant convert all the heat input into useful work.
12. Which device is used to control the Air fuel ratio in the petrol engine?
Carburettor
13. Which device is used to control the Air fuel ratio in the diesel engine?
Injection nozzle
14. The speed of a four stroke I.C. engine is 1500rpm. What will be the speed of the
cam shaft?
750 rpm.
15. All the four operations in two stroke engine are performed in ________ number of
revolution of crank shaft.
one
16. All the four operations in four stroke engine are performed in _______ number of
operations?
Two
17. The thermal efficiency of a two stroke cycle engine is _______ than the four stroke
cycle engine.
Lesser.
18. Define: Specific fuel consumption.
SFC is defined as the amount of fuel consumed per brake power hour of work.
19. What is meant by calorific value of a fuel.
Calorific value of a fuel is defined as the amount of heat liberated by the compete
combustion of unit quantity of a fuel.
20. What is meant by heat engine?
In an engine the thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy means is called
heat engine.
21. Why a heat engine cannot have 100% efficiency?

For all the heat engines there will be a heat loss between system and surroundings.
Therefore we cant convert all the heat input into useful work.
22. Which device is used to control the Air fuel ratio in the petrol engine?
Carburettor
23. Which device is used to control the Air fuel ratio in the diesel engine?
Injection nozzle
24. The two stroke cycle engine gives ______ the number of power strokes as compared
to the four stroke cycle engine, at the same engine speed.
double.
25. In petrol engine, the charge is ignited with the help of ________
Spark plug
26. The diesel engine draws the mixture of diesel and air during suction stroke (True /
False)
False.
27. What is the fuel injector?
Fuel injector is used in diesel engine to inject and atomize the diesel at the end of the
compression stroke.
28. What is meant by SI engine ? Why it is called so ?
SI engine means spark ignition engine. In SI engine air fuel mixture is ignited by
spark plug hence it is called spark ignition engine. It is also called as petrol engine.
29. Give four major difference between two stroke and four stroke IC engine.
No

Two stroke cycle engine

Four Stroke cycle engine

One cycle is completed in two

stroke of the piston or one
revolution of the crank shaft.

One cycle is completed in four

stroke of the piston or two
revolution of the crank shaft.

For the same speed, twice the

number of power strokes are
produced than 4 stroke engine.

For the same speed, half of the

number of power strokes are
produced than 2 stroke engine.

Turning moment is more uniform

and hence lighter flywheel is used.

Turning moment is not uniform and

hence bigger flywheel is used.

It contains ports which is operated

by the piston movement.

It contains valves which is operated

by valve mechanism.

30. What is meant by CI Engine ? Why it is called so ?

CI engine means compression ignition engine. In CI engine the fuel is injected by a
fuel injector in atomized form because of high compressed air it gets ignited
automatically. Hence it is called as compression ignition engine.
31. What is a two stroke engine ?
A two stroke engine is an engine in which one cycle of operation is completed in two
stroke of the piston or one revolution of the crank shaft.

32. What is a four stroke engine ?

A four stroke engine is an engine in which one cycle of operation is completed in
four stroke of the piston or two revolution of the crank shaft.
33. Name the four strokes of an IC engine?
Suction, compression, power and exhaust stroke.
34. Differentiate petrol and Diesel engines.
Petrol or SI engines

Diesel or CI engine

1. Combustion of air fuel mixture takes

place by spark produced by sparkplug.

1. Combustion takes place by high

compressed air.

2. Carburetor is used to mix the air fuel

mixture.

2. Fuel injector is used to inject the fuel

in atomized form.

3. Compression ratio varies from 6 to 8.

3. Compression ratio varies from 12 to

18.

4.It works on Otto cycle.

4. It works on Diesel or Dual cycle.

35. What is compression ratio?

Compression ratio is defined as the ratio between total volume and clearance volume.
Total volume
Compression ratio = ------------------Clearance Volume
36. Define brake power
The power developed by an engine and measured at the output shaft is called the
brake power (bp) and is given by
bp=2nt/60
37. Define indicated power
It is the power developed in the cylinder and thus, forms the basis of evaluation of
combustion efficiency or the heat release in the cylinder.
I.P= PmLANK/60
Where,
pm = Mean effective pressure, N/m2
L = Length of the stroke, m,
A = Area of the piston, m2,
N = Rotational speed of the engine, rpm (It is N/2 for four stroke engine), and
k = Number of cylinders.
38. Define mechanical efficiency
The difference between the ip and bp is the indication of the power lost in the
mechanical components of the engine (due to friction) and forms the basis of
mechanical efficiency; which is defined as follows :
Mechanical efficiency=bp/ip

39. Define friction power

The difference between ip and bp is called friction power (fp).
Fp = ip bp
40. Define volumetric efficiency
It can be defined as the ratio of the actual volume inhaled during suction stroke
measured at intake conditions to the swept volume of the piston.
Volumetric efficiency =

Mass of charge actually sucked in

Mass of charge corresponding to the cylinder intake

41. Define air- fuel ratio

Fuel-air ratio (F/A) is the ratio of the mass of fuel to the mass of air in the fuel-air
mixture. Air-fuel ratio (A/F) is reciprocal of fuel-air ratio.
42. Define brake thermal efficiency
Brake thermal efficiency = B.P/mf* Cv
where, Cv = Calorific value of fuel, Kj/kg, and
mf = Mass of fuel supplied, kg/sec.
43. Knocking will induce if the combustion stage of ............... increases
Ignition lag
44. Mention the stages of combustion in IC engines
Delay period
Combustion
After burning
45. What is the two types of delay periods in diesel engine?
Physical delay
Chemical delay
46. What is the two types of combustion in diesel engine?
Controlled combustion
Uncontrolled combustion
47. What are all the types of super chargers used in IC engines?
Rotor type
Vane type
Centrifugal type
48. Name the two types of ignition system.
Basically Convectional Ignition systems are of 2 types
(a) Battery or Coil Ignition System, and
(b) Magneto Ignition System.
49. Name the elements of fuel injection system.
Fuel tank
Feed pump
Filter
Injector
nozzle
50. Retardation test used for finding.................... power.
Friction power