Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LESSON ONE
PRONOUNS
I eu
MY - meu, minha
YOU voc
OBJECTS
BEER
BROTHER
WATER
SISTER
MILK
FATHER
JUICE
MOTHER
COFFEE
FAMILY
WINE
ENGLISH
FISH
PORTUGUESE
MEAT
BRAZILIAN
ingls
- portugus
brasileiro
VERBS
to EAT / ATE
I eat fish .
I eat meat.
to DRINK / DRANK
I drink beer.
to SPEAK / SPOKE
I speak English .
to NEED / NEEDED
I need milk.
precisar
I need water.
I need my family.
QUALIFIERS
WITH com
AND e
When
Qualificadores de
NOW agora
TODAY - hoje
EXPRESSIONS
THANK YOU obrigado
PLEASE - por favor
WHAT`S YOUR NAME? Qual seu nome?
GOOD MORNING bom dia
GOOD AFTERNOON boa tarde
GOOD EVENING boa noite
GOOD NIGHT boa noite
GRAMMAR
I need preciso
I speak falo
I eat - como
NO INGLS SEMPRE
USAR DO ATOR
USAMOS A PARTCULA TO
ENTRE DOIS VERBOS
FRAMES
O aluno no precisa aprender listas completas das formas do idioma mas
sim a estrutura dentro do qual estas formas encaixam. A habilidade de fazer
substituies corretas muito importante. Estas estruturas so chamadas de
FRAMES ou quadros. Para adquirir facilidade automtica numa lngua preciso
exercitar utilizando estes FRAMES.
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
I DRINK beer.
2.
I________ water.
I________milk.
I________juice.
4.
I drink water_______you.
6.
I need fish______meat.
I need coffee_______milk.
I_______meat today.
I need my meat____.
I need my mother_______.
I need you_____.
I need to speak____.
L E S S O N
T W O
OBJECTS
CUP
GIRL
GLASS
BOY
TEA
SON
HAM
presunto
DAUGHTER
CHEESE
CHILDREN
BREAD
GERMAN
VERBS
*TO WANT / WANTED
querer
I want ham.
TO PLAY / PLAYED
I want coffee.
I want to eat.
I play saxophone.
I play basketball.
TO WORK / WORKED
I work today.
TO SEE / SAW
trabalhar
I need to work.
ver
You see my brother.
QUALIFIERS
TOMORROW amanh
A um, uma, (a boy, a family, a cup)
BUT - mas
EXPRESSIONS
HELLO - ol
HI oi
GRAMMAR
NO ESCREVER.
REPETIR CADA FRAMEPELO MENOS 2 VEZES
E SEMPRE REVISAR FRAMESDE CADA LIO
-FRAMES
1. I SEE a cup.
I_______a glass.
I_______a boy.
I________my sister.
3. I WANT to eat.
I________to speak.
I________to drink.
I________to work.
LESSON THREE
PRONOUNS
HE - ele
HIS dele
SHE - ela
HER - d ela
IT - neutro
He wants to work.
OBJECTS
FRIEND
SCHOOL
MANAGER
MOVIES
TEACHER
CHURCH
BUG
STORE
It needs to eat.
VERBS
gostar de
TO GO / WENT -
ir
I go with you.
I go tomorrow.
TO STUDY / STUDIED
I study English.
QUALIFIERS
OR ou
NOR nem
ONLY s, somente
TO - para [destino]
FOR - para
AT - em
TO THE , ao [para+a, para+o]
AT THE - no, na [em+a, em+o]
Qualificadores de
Where
so verdes
EXPRESSIONS
WITH ME comigo
SORRY desculpe
BY YOURSELF sozinho[voc]
GRAMMAR Para formar o interrogativo, mais uma vez usamos o verbo auxiliar
DO e posicionamos ele na frente do pronome.
Do you want?
Do you study?
Do I like fish?
Does he work?
* Does she need my car?
-FRAMES
1. I LIKE my teacher.
I_______my friend.
I________by myself.
I_______my family.
I need to_________.
I_______my manager.
I want to___________now.
3. Do you study?
Do you__________English?
Do you__________Portuguese?
Do you like to__________?
Pergunta
Resposta
Do you want_______need?
I dont want________need.
Do you eat________drink?
I dont eat________drink.
Do you play_______study?
I dont play________study.
I like_________store.
I like_________manager.
I like_________coffee.
I work__________store.
I drink__________bar.
I eat__________restaurant.
I want to go________school.
I like to go________church.
I need to go________store.
___________to sleep?
___________to play?
I_______like to eat.
___________to study?
I_______work today.
He_______a friend.
He_______a teacher.
He_______a father.
She________only tea.
PRACTICE
PHRASES
LESSON FOUR
Pessoas que imitam facilmente tem uma grande vantagem em aprender uma
lngua estrangeira. Mesmo assim algumas pessoas boas em imitar, ficam intimidados
quando tentam reproduzir sons estrangeiros, e suas habilidades naturais so inteis.
Aprender uma lngua necessita imitao cosciente. Isto quer dizer anotar com
cuidado coisas como: as posies dos lbios; a qualidade dos sons; a velocidade da
fala; a entonao da voz; o rtimo das senteas, e at gestos caractersticos. Imitar tais
aspectos pode parecer bobagem no inicio, mas muito mais bobagem no fazer isto,
mesmo fazendo vrios erros. Em geral ns temos que massacrar a lngua antes de
domin-la, e este processo tem que iniciar imediatamente.
Imitao tem trs aspectos:
hbitos
completamente
diferentes
de
falar
pode
parecer
14
SOUND STUDY
Um dos erros mais comuns em aprender uma lngua falhar em treinar ouvindo.
S depois que aprendemos a sentar e escutar que podemos ficar de p e falar.
Nossa inabilidade de captar com os ouvidos a frase ou sentena complementar,
nos desanima. Ela vem com muita velocidade (numa mdia de trs a cinco slabas por
segundo). A nica maneira de nos familiarizar com a forma acstica do idioma de
escutar seletivamente um aspecto e depois um outro aspecto.
( 1 ) O TOM DA VOZ - Se o tom da voz levanta ou abaixa, ou fica nivelado
uma das primeiras coisas que uma criana percebe sobre uma lngua,mas
geralmente a ltima coisa que um adulto percebe. Uma criana quase inevitavelmente
usa a intonao correta mesmo quando est tagarelando. No adulto esta falta de
intono que o trai como estrangeiro quando ele fala o idioma no prprio. Sendo
isto como for OUVIR SELETIVAMENTE para a intonao exatamente onde todos
devem comear a escutar uma lngua estrangeira.
( 2 ) SONS ESTRANHOS Quando estamos ouvindo seletivamente para as
variaes dos tons, certos sons estranhos, vogais ou consoantes, vo nos atrair. Ento
a prxima coisa que devemos fazer escutar seletivamente estes sons estranhos. Se
um som freqente, devemos concentrar nele; apagando qualquer outra coisa da
mente e concentrando nas ocorrncias dele. Quando algum escuta com cuidado aos
sons estranhos, ele vai ver que est movendo sua lngua, seu lbios e queixo, imitando
este som estranho. A nossa mente automaticamente faz com que os rgos de falar se
movam na direo e tempo certo para reproduzir o som. Estas ligaes entre ouvir e
falar so uma das razes pela importncia de escutar.
15
rp regio palatal
rv regio velar
pl ponto da lngua
l lngua
Cv cordas vocais
INGLS
Bilabial
labiodental
dental
P
b
alveolar
Oclusiva
Surda
sonora
fricativa
Surda
sonora
africada
Surda
sonora
Sibilante
Surda
sonora
s
z
lateral
Sonora
nasal
sonora
palatal
t
d
f
v
k
g
s
z
0
o
velar
c
j
16
16
PORTUGUS
bilabial
Oclusiva
p
b
Lateral
Surda
sonora
Surda
Sonora
Surda
Sonora
Sonora
Nasal
Sonora
vibrante
sonora
Fricativa
sibilante
labiodental
Alvolo
dental
t
d
palatal
s
z
f
v
s
z
l
n
velar
k
g
h
^
~
n
O confronto dos quadros fonmicos das duas lnguas mostra que elas so diferentes
quanto ao seguinte:
(1 ) Um certo nmero de fonemas do mesmo tipo tem pontos de articulao
diferentes nas duas lnguas; o caso de [t, d, s, z, l, n] alveolares em ingls, e [t, d,s, z,
l, n, r] lveo-dentais em portugus.
( 2 ) O ingls tem consoantes que no ocorrem em portugus: th, h, ch, i, ng.
(as in ball)
(as in day)
(as in coat)
(as in bat)
(as in two)
17
PORTUGUS
O confronto dos quadros fonmicos das duas lnguas par vogais mostra que
elas so diferentes quanto ao seguinte:
( 1 ) As vogais do ingls so estranhas ao nosso sistema fonolgico
( 2 ) As semivogais do ingls no correm em portugus Y, w, r
As vogais mais comuns: beat, bit, bet, bat, father, bought, boat, put, boot, but.
A
Comprido
Curto
Ei
ii
ou
you
ah
uh
u
PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES
O a em ingls, pode ter vrias pronncias. Eis as trs mais comuns:
a = ei
plane
name
fame
game
page
lady
baby
a = !
mad
bad
band
land
rat
sad
that
a = ah
what
war
tall
talk
fall
raw
ball
ai = ei
sailor tailor tail mail train pail -
rain
rainbow
paint
paid
brain main
REVIEW
1) Idiomas so sistemas de sinalizao complexos que separamos em
partes para melhor entender.
PRONOME
OBJETOS
VERBOS
QUALIFICADORES
2) Pronomes at agora:
I
MY
YOU
YOUR
HE
HIS
SHE
HER
IT
ITS
GRAMTICA
FAMILY
sister
father
brother
daughter
mother
son
portugus)
LESSON
FIVE
PRONOUNS
WE - ns
YOU ALL vocs (todos)
THEY eles, elas
We need to sleep.
We dont want ham.
OUR nosso
YOUR de vocs
THEIR deles, delas
OBJECTS
TIME
SOCCER (football)
WEEK
BREAKFAST
BOOK
LUNCH
CAR
DINNER(denr)
TREE
DOWNTOWN
WEEKEND
SPANISH
WIFE
HOUSE(haus)
HUSBAND
HOME (houm)
MONEY
AT HOME
VERBS
TO BUY/ BOUGHT(bi)(bat) comprar
I buy fish and meat. Do you buy ham at the store?
TO SELL/ SOLD vender
I sell books.
Do you sell cars?
TO UNDERSTAND/ UNDERSTOOD entender
I understand Spanish.
I dont understand you.
(has) TO HAVE/ HAD = got, got to gotta
ter, ter que
I have a brother.
I have to work.
QUALIFIERS
Adjectivos so rosas
NEW novo
OLD velho
BIG grande
SMALL pequeno
SOME algum, alguns
WHAT o qu, qu
WHERE onde
WHEN quando
THIS this car, this book, this boy
THAT that house, that store, that family
-FRAMES
1. WE need to work.
_____want to sleep.
_____have a car.
_____sell fish.
We like_____teacher.
We see_____mother.
We want_____money.
They like_______mother.
They like_______sister.
They like_______church.
7. I BUY fish.
I_____my books.
I_____lunch.
We don t______animals.
I_____cars.
I only_______________Spanish.
I_______a car.
(got)
Does he_______________you.
I_______a wife.
(got)
We don t_______________.
PRACTICE
PHRASES
30
LESSON SIX
31
SOUND STUDY
through
thwart
twine
shrew
feud
swine
stay
cute
splash
spy
mute
squat
smile
beauty
slim
sky
pure
spray
snail
view
quick
scream
dwell
32
***************************************************************************************************
Outro aspecto dos sons, que se resume em quatro pontos to importantes que somam
50% de aprender um idioma:
1) CONTEXTO
2) RTMO
idioma
palavras chaves.
3) PALAVRAS CHAVES
4) PENSAR EM INGLS
com o contexto, ritmo, e palavras chaves todos
acontecendo em harmonia, podemos entender a
conversao e pensar em ingls.
Uma pessoa pode treinar o pensar na lngua estrangeira fazendo
conversaes imaginarias, compondo palestras, ou recordar o que tem ouvido ou lido
no idioma. Mesmo tendo um vocabulrio restrito, muito importante experimentar
formular o pensamento usando as palavras e expresses da lngua proposta.
Inicialmente pode parecer desesperanoso, mas, cada vez que uma palavra ou frase
de portugus entrar na mente, deve ser jogado fora, e o pensamento deve prosseguir
somente com as palavras e frases do ingls. Quando escutamos uma pessoa falando
ingls, devemos nos esforar em acompanhar pensando em ingls, sem tentar traduzir
as palavras para o portugus. Isto difcil de no fazer, portanto preciso muita
concentrao para evitar. A fala tem que fluir naturalmente e com facilidade, sem
contores mentais.
33
REVISAR A CHAVE
PARA APRENDER
SONS SEMELHANTES
Depois de ouvir seletivamente sons estranhos, devemos dirigir a nossa ateno
aos semelhantes . Isto no se refere a semelhanas com sons no portugus, mas as
semelhanas de sons da lngua estrangeira. Estas semelhanas so as como do Pe
o B. Logo veremos que estas semelhanas so agrupadas como: um som entre o
P e o B provavelmente ter um som correspondente entre o Te o D, e outro entre
os sons Ke G. As semelhanas e diferenas nas lnguas so sistemticas. Idiomas
so nada mais do que sistemas de sinalizao muitos complexos, e tem que ser
sistemas ou no ser possvel lembr-los.
Uma criana escuta somente os sons sem prestar ateno nas palavras ou seus
sentidos. Mas ns no queremos esperar e no preciso. Podemos j notar
semelhanas em palavras.
SOUND EXERCISES
/s/
/th/
sin
thin
sigh
thigh
sink
think
seam
theme
sick
thick
song
thong
sum
thumb
face
faith
pass
path
34
PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES
ch
sh
o, ou = a
chair
she
mother
church
shell
brother
chase
sheet
some
cheese
shine
come
chicken
sheep
company
children
shirt
something
check
shoe
money
beach
shampoo
young
REVIEW
O TOM DA VOZ
SONS ESTRANHOS consoantes e vogais
SONS SEMELHANTES sin / thin
3) Aprender uma lngua necessita de IMITAO consciente.
4)
WE
YOU
THEY
Pronomes novos:
Pronomes completos:
I
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
OUR
YOUR
THEIR
MY
YOUR
HIS
HER
ITS
OUR
YOUR
THEIR
35
5)
9)
36
L E S S O N
S E V E N
OBJECTS
PARENTS
ANIMAL
BOSS
HORSE
WAITER
CHICKEN
WAITRESS
DOG
MAGAZINE
CAT
NEWSPAPER
BIRD
37
LETTER
MONTH
NUMBER
BICYCLE/ BIKE
PRONOUNS
Pronomes Objetos
SEE
GIVE
HELP
UNDERSTAND
ME - me
YOU o , a [voc]
HIM o [ele]
HER - a [ela]
IT o, a [neutro]
O PRONOME OBJETO
SEGUE O VERBO
US (s) nos
YOU ALLos, as[vocs]
THEM-os,as[eles, elas]
VERBS
TO WRITE / WROTE
I write books.
She writes for a newspaper.
38
TO HELP / HELPED
Do you want to help me?
QUALIFIERS
THESE (these books, these cars)
1 one
1 first
2 second
come
HERE aqui
3 three
3 third
go
THERE l , ali
4 four
4 fourth
FROM - de (procedncia)
5 five
5 fifth
ON em (cima de)
6 six
6 sixth
7 seven
7 seventh
8 eight
8 eighth
A CAR
9 nine
9 ninth
AN ANIMAL (annmal)
10 ten
10 tenth
AN INDIAN
39
EXPRESSIONS
THIS MORNING - nesta manh
GRAMMAR
[necessidade]
40
2. We need YOU.
Your father needs________.
She needs_______.
It needs ______.
3. I understand HIM.
They understand_______.
We understand_______.
She understands_______.
5. I like IT.
He likes______.
She likes_____.
They like_____.
41
(pergunta)
(resposta)
42
PRACTICE
PHRASES
43
L E S S O N
E I G H T
trench
burp
ant
soft
purse
mist
grasp
heart (hrt)
fence
film
serve
bold
bulge
ox [ks]
bulb
marsh (mrch)
shelf
welch [Ish]
birth
sink
fields [Idz]
corpse
act
kiln
first
change
verb
shirts (shrts)
solve
third
prompt
belt
surf
bumps (bmps)
desk
iceberg
belch
kelp
false
large
church
triumph[mf]
stops
milk
park
script
health
pearl
lens [nz]
shrimp
storm
next [kst]
44
Intonao
Nenhuma lngua falada em montono. Isto quer dizer que sempre h alguma
modulao da voz, e todas estas modificaes ao padronizadas e adquirem certos
significados.
Dominar a intonao necessita muita pacincia e determinao de imitar
constantemente. At conseguirmos falar uma frase com sua intonao correta, no
ser dita corretamente.
SOUND EXERCISES
SONS SEMELHANTES
/ t/
/th/
tin
thin
ties
thighs
tanks
thanks
tinker
thinker
tick
thick
ticket
thicket
tree
three
true
through
fate
faith
fort
fourth
2) He is a TINKER. [ funileiro ]
He is a THINKER. [ pensador ]
3) I have a FATE. [ destino ]
I have a FAITH. [ crena, religio ]
4) Go to the FORT wall. [ forte ]
Go to the FOURTH wall. [ quarta ]
/th/
/f/
1) Its a beautiful REEF. [ recife ]
It s a beautiful WREATH.[guirlanda]
2) I have FREE tickets. [ de graa ]
I have THREE tickets. [ trs ]
3) Come WITH me. [ com ]
Come WHIFF me. [ sentir cheiro ]
4) Are you DEAF? [ surdo ]
Are you DEATH? [ a morte ]
first
thirst
fought (fat)
thought
free
three
fret
threat
frill (freil)
thrill
deaf (df)
death
whiff (uf)
with
fin (fn)
thin
reef (rif)
wreath
45
PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES
th - (som sonoro)
this
how
that
here
the
husband
then
head (hd)
there
heart (hart)
mother
hand
father
happy
ea = i
ea =
(espirado)
eat (it)
bread (brd)
meat (mt)
breakfast
dead morto
clean (clin)
deaf surdo
cream(crim)
easy (isi)
neat
46
REVIEW
1) pronome objetono ingls vem depois do verbo:
Do you know ME?
He needs HER.
I like IT.
2) GIVE muito usado no imperativo e com o pronome objeto:
Give me the book!
Give me that!
---
4) O verbo to know tem que ter how adicionado quando estamos falando em
saber como fazer algo.
I KNOW HOW to read.
Do you KNOW HOW to speak English?
We want to KNOW HOW to go there.
5) I have to work IN THE MORNING .
I work downtown.
I need to go north.
47
L E S S O N
N I N E
OBJECTS
OFFICE
BEANS (bnz)
APARTMENT
RICE
WINDOW
SALAD
DOOR
APPLE
CITY
PEAR
48
COUNTRY
BANANA
FRUIT
ingresso, multa
EGG
TEST - prova
VERBS
TO PREFER / PREFERRD ( prefr)
I prefer beans and rice.
TO LIVE / LIVD (lv)
morar
preferir
abrir
fechar
(close the)
(to, from)
Take it!
49
QUALIFIERS
11 eleven
30 - thiry
12 twelve
40 - forty
13 thirteen
50 - fifty
14 fourteen
60 - sixty
15 fifteen
70 - seventy
16 sixteen
80 - eighty
17 seventeen
90 - ninety
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 - twenty (twentii)
ALREADY (alrdi) j
USUALLY (iujoli) geralmente
When
VERBOS
AUXILIARES
1) I can read books in English.
2) He can go with us.
3) We cant open the store tonight.
4) I cant sleep!
5) Can I go with you?
50
**IMPORTANTE DOMINAR USO DE QUANTIDADES***
How much
How many
SEVERAL vrias
MORE mais
LESS menos
FEW poucos
numeros
quantidade
ANY MORE?
A LOT MORE
A LITTLE LESS
SOME MORE
A LITTLE MORE
A FEW LESS
MUCH MORE
FEW MORE
A LOT LESS
MANY MORE
NO MORE
MUCH LESS
NO LESS
MANY LESS
VERY muito
VERY OLD
VERY MANY
VERY BIG
VERY FEW
VERY SMALL
VERY GOOD
VERY MUCH
Palavras TURBO
very, so, pretty, too
51
EXPRESSIONS
NOON meio dia
NIGHT noite
AT NIGHT noite
to GET UP levantar-se
WHAT TIME IS IT? Que horas so?
LETS GO! - vamos (Lets work, study, eat)
I DONT KNOW! Sei l!
TAKE YOUR TIME. Toma o tempo que precisar.
TAKE OUT Para levar
BY TOMORROW at amanh
BY 10:00 at s 10:00
BY THE TIME I GO. at a hora que eu for
AT HOME em casa
AT SCHOOL na escola
AT CHURCH na igreja
AT PEACE em paz
AT WORK no trabalho
AT WAR em guerra
1:00 ITS ONE OCLOCK
2:00 ITS TWO OCLOCK
3:00 ITS THREE OCLOCK
4:15 ITS FOUR FIFTEEN
5:30 ITS FIVE THIRTY
6:50 ITS TEN TO SEVEN/ ITS SIX FIFTY
A.M. 0:00 ... 12:00
P.M 12:00 ... 24:00
GRAMMAR
At what time? que hora?
I work at 8:00. trabalho s 8:00
I sleep at 12:00. durmo s 12:00
52
FRAMES
1. I PREFER salad.
2.
I ________beans.
Do you ________downtown?
I ________the country.
I ________fruit.
4.
6.
8.
I have _______children.
I see _________apples.
I have _______pears.
I see _________dogs.
I have _______eggs.
I see _________cats.
9. She needs TWO HUNDRED FIFTEEN tickets. 10. I ALREADY speak English.
She needs ________numbers.
53
I sleep ______3:00.
I play ______3:00.
I study _____3:00.
He reads _____books.
He sells _______books.
We need ______money.
54
(quantidades)
23. He drinks MUCH coffee.
(numeros)
24. I have MANY friends.
He eats _____rice.
We know _______neighbors.
He eats _____apples.
He writes ______letters.
We have______chickens.
We want _______juice.
We get up at ______.
He studies ________.
55
PRACTICE
SEM TRADUZIR
PHRASES
56
L E S S O N
T E N
SOUND STUDY
Grupos Consonantais de SONS ESTRANHOS
Os sufixos derivacionais, acrescidos a palavras j existentes, criam outros
grupos consonantais:
health
sixth
width
thousandth
tenth
twelfth
fifth
length
eighth (tth)
warmth (rmpth)
fourth
O idioma tem que ser automtico ou intil. Uma pessoa que sempre tem que
tatear pelas palavras, no aprendeu o idioma. Expresses tem que estar na ponta da
lngua.
57
SOUND EXERCISES
/z/
/th/
Zen
then
lies (laiz)
lithe
tease (tiiz)
teethe
close (cluz)
clothe
boys
bathe
breeze
breathe
seize
seethe
rise (raiz)
writhe
size (saiz)
scythe
dough (dou)
though
den
then
doze (douz)
those
dare (dr)
there
broader
brother
breed
breathe
read (rid)
wreathe
seed (sid)
seethe
fodder
father
58
PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES
ow = au
ou = au
our nosso
snow neve
low baixo
out fora
row remar
tower torre
house casa
show mostrar
power poder
mouse camundongo
window janela
found achado
round redondo
pound libra
how como
o = ou
ow = ou
oa = ou
rope corda
note nota
hope esperana
oath juramento
roast assar
lone - solitrio
boast ostentar
load carga
phone fone
pope papa
59
REVIEW
1) O verbo to KNOW tem que ter HOW adicionado quando estamos falando
em saber [ como] fazer algo:
I KNOW HOW to read.
They KNOW HOW to speak English.
I dont KNOW HOW to write.
afirmativo
negativo
interrogativo
CAN I
CAN you
60
5) NO - nenhum, nenhuma
SOME algum, alguma [alguns, algumas] afirmativo
ANY algum, alguma [ alguns, algumas] interrogativo
nenhum, nenhuma negativo
MORE mais
LESS menos
A LOT muito
A LOT OF muito (de) quantidades ou numeros
61
L E S S O N
SUNDAY domingo
ON no, na
MONDAY segunda-feira
TUESDAY tera-feira
E L E V E N
SATURDAY sbado
FRIDAY sexta-feira
THURSDAY quinta-feira
WEDNESDAY quarta-feira
OBJECTS
VACATION
MEETING
SWIMMING POOL
CLASS
BEACH
SAND
THING coisa
SEA
62
VERBS
TO START / STARTED
comear
vir
dizer
ficar
QUALIFIERS
PRETTY linda, bonito
BEAUTIFUL linda, bonito
HANDSOME bonito, charmoso [s para homens]
GOOD bom
BAD mau
OLD velho
NEW novo, nova
qualidade
HOW como
IN - em [dentro especificamente]
STILL - ainda [inico ou meio de frase] IN THE no, na [dentro do, dentro da]
YET ainda [final de frase]
63
EXPRESSIONS
BY BUS - de nibus
BY CAR de carro
BY PLANE de avio
BY TRAIN - de trem
ON FOOT a p
MAYBE talvez
T. G. I. F. (Thank God Its Friday)
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THAT? Qual o nome daquilo?
ANYTHING ELSE? Alguma coisa mais?
ANYTHING NEW? - Alguma novidade?
ANYWAY... Seja o que for...
ANYHOW De qualquer modo., Como quer que seja.
ANYWHERE Qualquer lugar.
GRAMMAR
AFFIRMATIVO
NEGATIVO
INTERROGATIVO?
I WANT.
I DONT WANT
DO I WANT?
YOU WANT.
DO YOU WANT?
HE WANTS.
HE DOESNT WANT
DOES HE WANT?
SHE NEEDS.
IT HAS.
IT DOESNT HAVE.
DOES IT HAVE?
WE WANT.
WE DONT WANT.
DO WE WANT?
THEY WANT.
DO THEY WANT?
64
FRAMES
1. I go to church on SUNDAY.
2. I go work on MONDAY.
My sister is _______.
65
13. He likes OLD cars.
I buy _____books.
We have a _______boss.
We _____have to work.
I read _______books.
We give _______things.
I go to Miami BY PLANE.
66
RITMO, RAPIDEZ,FLUENCIA.
PHRASES
1. I want to go to the States next week. I need alot of money.
2. I dont understand what you say. Can you speak Spanish?
3. Do you want to help the teacher? I dont know what book he wants.
4. I like to go there with my neighbor, because she knows German.
5. I need to understand what you want, because I want to help you.
6. How do you go to school? I like to go by car, but I dont have a car.
7. The children sleep until 7:00 everyday because of school.
8. Where do you have to go tonight? I gotta go to the office.
9. How many brothers and sisters do you have? Three brothers only.
10. He doesnt want to stay here. He wants to go to the movies.
11. I go to the movies on the weekend, then I usually go home.
12. Do you understand me? I dont know where you want to go.
13. I still dont have the money to buy his bicycle. Do you have?
14. What magazines do you like to buy? I usually dont buy magazines.
15. I need to help my wife in the kitchen. What time is it?
16. I like to have breakfast at 7:30. She has breakfast with me.
17. We usually buy the newspaper everyday but Monday.
18. Do you know how to play soccer?
Do you understand?
67
LESSON
TWELVE
Verbo
rebel
impact
insult
insert
contest
protest
convert
project
to rebel
to impact
to insult
to insert
to contest
to protest
to convert
to project
SOUND STUDY
Grupos consonantais de SONS ESTRANHOS
Adicionando o sufixo [s, es] da terceira pessoa singular do presente, em ingls,
isto cria vrios grupos consonantais. O s ou es tem o som /s/, /z/, ou /ez/ quando
adicionado s palavras que terminam com um fonema surdo, sonoro, ou s,z,sh,ch,dge,
respectivamente.
coughs
hopes
fits
lifts
reacts
engulfs
milks
helps
melts
thinks
asks
lisps
toasts
tempts
works
warps
bursts
robs
begs
falls
comes
lives
rings
holds
films
resolves
disturbs
boards
curls
harms
burns
starves
68
SOUND EXERCISES
Sons Semelhantes
/sh/
sheep
sheet
ship
shoe
shop
share
shin
cash
lash
wish
/ch/
cheap
cheat
chip
chew
chop
chair
chin
catch
latch
witch
/dj
jeer
Joyce
jest
joke
gin
jar
junk
jews
ridge
COMPARE OS SONS
69
/shj/ (Joo)
/dj/
version
virgin
pleasure
pledger
lesion
legion
j = dj
magician mgico
Jack Jack
pigeon pombo
Joseph Jos
bridge ponte
jam gelia
large grande
Japan Japo
gentle pacfico
jar pote
general general
jail priso
German alemo
jazz jazz
engine mquina
jeans jeans
engineer engenheiro
job emprego
range extenso
just s, apenas
70
i = ai
i = ur
i= e
like gostar
bird
big
birth nascimento
sick
right certo
dirty
brick tijolo
mind mente
first
fish
five
firm firme
dish prato
sir senhor
milk
bicycle
third
English
bike
skirt saia
with
blind cego
shirt
It
side lado
flirt coquetear,
give
kind bondoso
pilot
mile milha
fine bem
ripe maduro
China
kite pipa
flertar
live
this
71
REVIEW
1)
2)
numeros
a lot more
many less
some more
a little more
a little less
much more
a few more
much less
many more
any less
a few less
lot less
72
4) A palavra SOMETHING usado apenas em frases
afirmativas:
I want to eat SOMETHING.
She needs SOMETHING.
5) A palavra ANYTHING usado em frases interrogativas:
Do you want ANYTHING ?
Does it need ANYTHING ?
e tambm em frases negativas:
I dont want ANYTHING.
6) YET sempre vem no final de frases:
I need to eat YET.
We need to say something YET.
7) STILL pode ser usado no incio ou no meio de frases:
I STILL want to read your letter.
She knows Portuguese and she STILL speaks English.
8) Qualidade:
GOOD
BAD
STRONG forte
WEAK (wik) fraco
OLD
YOUNG
PRETTY (prti)
CHEAP (tchip)
EXPENSIVE
9) VERY + qualidade =
TURBO QUALIDADE
VERY GOOD
VERY CHEAP
VERY BAD
VERY STRONG
VERY MUCH
VERY WEAK
VERY MANY
VERY OLD
VERY LITTLE
VERY YOUNG
VERY FEW
VERY PRETTY
73
OBJECTS
COMPANY
TAPE
PHARMACY
PARTY
JOB (diab)
BRIDGE
KIDS
INFORMATION
VERBS
TO VISIT / VISITED
I have to visit my family.
TO DO / DID
fazer [excutar]
I want to do my homework.
74
TO COOK / COOKED
My mother cooks very well.
QUALIFIERS
When
75
Where
BEFORE antes de
AFTER (ftr) depois de
NEAR perto de
FAR (fr) - longe
FAR FROM longe de (procedencia)
so cheap to barato
so good to bom
so much tanto
so far to longe
EXPRESSIONS
TIME tempo, hora, vez
MANY TIMES- muitas vezes
MUCH TIME muito tempo
ON TIME pontualmente, na hora certa
MIDNIGHT meia noite
DAY AFTER TOMORROW depois de amanh
to DO THE DISHES lavar a loua
HOW IS HE Como ele est?
HE IS FINE - Ele est bem.
HE IS MORE OR LESS Ele est mais ou menos.
HE IS NOT WELL Ele no est bem.
IN TEARS - chorando
IN LOVE - apaixonado
IN BED- na cama
IN PERSON - pessoalmente
IN TIME tempo
IN TROUBLE (trbol) em apuros
76
GRAMMAR
TO BE ser, estar
I AM
YOU ARE
HE IS
SHE IS
IT IS
WE ARE
YOU ARE
THEY ARE
IM
YOURE
HES
SHES
ITS
WERE
YOURE
THEYRE
Negativo = NOT
interrogativo
I AM NOT.
YOU ARE NOT.
HE IS NOT.
SHE IS NOT.
IT IS NOT.
WE ARE NOT.
YOU ARE NOT.
THEY ARE NOT.
AM I...................?
ARE YOU..........?
IS HE.................?
IS SHE.................?
IS IT...................?
ARE WE............?
ARE YOU..........?
ARE THEY........?
77
FRAMES
2. I DO my homework everyday.
Can________your parents?
He likes to_________Brazil.
Where do they________cheese?
Thursday comes______Wednesday.
I have to go home______9:00.
She_______likes to cook.
We______need money.
I dont______prefer ham.
78
They _______study.
79
PHRASES
80
L E S S O N
SOUND STUDY
F O U R T E E N
nymphs [mfs]
tenths
banks (bnks)
scripts
masks
wasps
fists (fsts)
eighths [tths]
texts [ksts]
sixths [ksths]
twelfths
attempts (atmts)
SOUND EXERCISES -
Sons Semelhantes
/h/
heel (hiil)
heat (hit)
heart (hrt)
harm (hrm)
hear (her)
his
hold (hld)
hair (hr)
hedge (hd)
1) They want to eat the HEEL. [calcanhar]
They want to eat the EEL. [peixe eltrico]
3) You can HEAT it. [aquecer, esquentar]
You can EAT it. [comer]
strengths
surfs
barks
chirps
bags
bells
beams
wives [vz]
kings
bulbs
folds
elms
/ /
eel
eat
art
arm
ear (r)
is
old
air
edge (d)
2) We are at the HEDGE. [ cerca viva]
We are at the EDGE. [beirada]
81
/h/
hat (ht)
ham
hole (hl)
honey
heel
hope
hide (haid)
hay
hear (hir)
hid
hose
habit (hbet)
/r/
rat
ram (rm)
role
runny (rni)
reel
rope (rup)
ride (raid)
ray (ri)
rear
rid (rd)
rose
rabbit (rbet)
1) We dont have any HOPE. [esperana] 2) Please, give me that HOSE. [mangueira]
We dont have any ROPE. [corda]
Please, give me that ROSE. [rosa]
3) Can you HIDE the bike? [esconder]
Can you RIDE the bike? [andar de]
/n/
kin (kn)
sin (sn)
win (wn)
hun (hn)
tan (tn)
thin
ran (rn)
ban (bn)
ton (tn)
bun (bn)
1) He is my KIN. [parente]
He is my KING. [rei]
82
PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES
O h inicial das palavras, em ingls, pronunciado expirando levemente.
have
has
here
house
head cabea
hair cabelo
hen galinha
ham
tle = tal
ble = bal
angle - ngulo
tangle - enrolar
able - capaz
noble - nobre
incredible - incrvel
o, ou
gle = gal
half
heart corao
help
high alto
ple = pal
dle = dal
simple simples
sensible - sensato
little - pequeno
candle - vela
middle - meio
agreeable agradvel
capable - capaz
possible - possvel
impossible impossvel
compass - bssola
double dobro
rough rude, spero
tough forte
touch tocar
love amor
honey mel
money - dinheiro
monkey macaco
mother me
from
some
come
something algo
comfort conforto
color cor
company - companhia
83
REVIEW
TURBO
VERY +
4) Where:
5) When:
GOOD
BAD
STRONG
WEAK (wik)
OLD
YOUNG (yan)
PRETTY
UGLY
CHEAP (tchip)
EXPENSIVE
BEFORE
ALWAYS
DURING
AFTER
NEVER
USUALLY
ONE TIME
ON TIME
FAR FROM
SOMETIMES
BEFORE
AFTER
WHY
NEAR
TURBO
WHO
HOW
84
L E S S O N
F I F T E E N
OBJECTS
COUSIN (kzn) - primo(a)
CHRISTMAS
MAID
EASTER (str)
DOCTOR
TRIP viagem
KITCHEN
DISHES
MINUTE minuto
85
TURKEY
CUT
ARM
GAME - jogo
VERBS
TO LURN / LURND
aprender
TO WAK / WAKT
andar, caminhar
TO WASH / WASHT
You need to wash the car.
86
TO TAK / TAKT
I need to talk to you.
TO HURT / HURT
QUALIFIERS
WHO quem
Quando usamos WHO, o verbo recebe o som s ou z como na
3 pessoa do singular:
WHO wants to work with me?
Comparativos
MORE (....)THAN
o mais (
o menos ( )
a mais (
a menos ( )
os mais (
os menos (
as mais (
as menos (
BAD mal
87
EXPRESSIONS
AT THE VERY WORST no pior dos casos
A DAY / PER DAY por dia
TIMES
FOR BREAKFAST
no caf da manh
FOR LUNCH
no almoo
FOR DINNER
na janta
GRAMMAR
BIG PARTY festa grande
NEW STORE loja nova
LITTLE GIRL menina pequena
88
2.
I cant _______this.
4.
6.
We have a _______teacher.
He has a ________job.
8.
This is a _________time.
89
13. I eat only two times A DAY.
PHRASES
1. I dont know how to do this. Do you want to help me?
2. I dont need to write to them this week. I can write next week.
3. He wants to go to the store with Sally, so he needs some money.
4. You need to wash the dishes before we can go to the movies.
5. Where can I learn to make those things? You have to go to the class.
6. I talk with my brother in Utah two times a month. He works there.
7. Do you know that maid? How many children does she have?
8. Our manager doesnt live in this city. He lives in the country.
9. How much time do we have for this job? We dont have a lot of time.
10. They dont like to go to the swimming pool with their neighbors.
11. I take my kids to the beach two times per week. They always like this.
12. She doesnt take her kids to school. They usually go by bus.
13. I want to buy this book for him. He likes to read these books.
14. Do you want to sell this tape to her? She says she needs a tape.
15. Where do you work? I dont work, I only study. My wife works.
16. They want to give you a ticket to Disney World. They like you.
17. You can make anything but rice. We dont like to eat rice.
18. You need to take them to the beach on Wednesday.
19. Our old neighbor never closes his windows. Maybe he wants to.
20. We dont have any information about the test. It is very long.
90
L E S S O N
S I X T E E N
welched [lsht]
crunched [ncht]
minced [nst]
linked [ngt]
world [rld]
armed [rmd]
darned [rnd]
carved [rvd]
/w/
/r/
west
rest
went
rent
wag
rag
wage
rage
weed
read
weep
reap
wide
ride
will
rill
woe
row
wit
writ
3) She is not in the WILL. (testamento) 4) Can you see to WEED? (limpar mato)
She is not in the RILL. (riacho)
91
cut cortar
drum tambor
brush escova
nut noz
ugly feio
number
sun sol
under embaixo de
fun divertimento
uncle tio
dumb mudo
truck caminho
duck pato
bus
mud lama
lunch
u = iu
union unio
utensil - utenslio
universe
accuse - acusar
university (iunevrciti)
pupil - aluno
unit unidade
muse - musa
use usar
mule - besta
music
fuel - combustvel
pure puro
excuse me
u = u
w = W
blue azul
woman
stupid bobo
fruit
what
juice
where
tube tubo
when
nutrition (nutrxn)
why?
produce produzir
word - palavra
student estudante
wood - madeira
92
PARA PENSAR Lembra que o ingls um idioma estranho, e no nossa
lngua me. Ento as vezes preciso (e vlido) criar lembretes mentais, ou maetes
para lembrar coisas problemticas. Como para ns no ingls difcil sempre de
lembrar PUXE sendo que PUSH em ingls empurrar, e toda vez que chegamos
numa porta tem que lembrar.
REVIEW
1) Uma palavra que d seqncia SO.
I need money, SO I have to work.
We want to go, SO we have to buy the tickets.
2) SO tambm funciona como to:
I am SO happy today.
This car is SO expensive.
3) So trs maneiras de dizer no natal ou na pscoa ou outra data:
ON Christmas / ON Easter / ON your birthday no dia
AT Christmas / AT Easter / AT your birthday no perodo
FOR Christmas / FOR Easter / FOR your birthday a razo por que
4) A palavra TRIP viagem.
O verbo TRAVEL viajar.
I need to make a TRIP.
I need to TRAVEL.
6)
7)
Comparativos.
GOOD
BAD
BETTER THAN
THE BEST
WORSE THAN THE WORST
8)
9)
93
L E S S O N
S E V E N T E E N
OBJECTS
UNCLE tio
FOOD
AUNT tia
COOKIES
BOX
CAKE
CORNER
DESSERT
GARAGE
ICE
94
BIRTHDAY
ICE CREAM
FARM
PINEAPPLE
ROAD
AVOCADO
BUILDING
ROAST
VERBS
NEED / NEEDED
SPEAK / SPOKE
DRINK / DRANK
EAT / ATE
95
QUALIFIERS
ALREADY (alrdi) j
ALL todo, toda
EVERY todo, cada
EACH - cada
YESTERDAY - ontem
LAST ltimo, passado
(last week)
POOR (pr) - pobre
RICH (rtch) - rico
SAD triste
RIGHT certo
WRONG errado
WONDERFUL maravilhoso
EXCITING - emocionante
EXPRESSIONS
SODA - refrigerante
SOFT DRINK - refrigerante
A LITTLE (lrol) um pouco
HOW LONG quanto tempo
WHAT ABOUT...? que tal...?
WHAT HAPPENED (hpend) O que aconteceu?
DAY BEFORE YERTERDAY - anteontem
NIGHT BEFORE LAST anteontem noite
GRAMMAR
I DIDNT LIKE.
SHE DIDNT WANT.
96
-FRAMES-
They________their mother.
I________to go.
I never________ coffee.
They______our dinner.
Its________ten oclock.
We ate____the cake.
We study______ lesson.
She spoke_______year.
He is the______boy.
We know a______man.
This is a_______city.
Frank is very________.
97
I see my____mother.
This is the_______book.
She has________parents.
That is the_______building.
These are_______cookies.
We like to drink_________.
We still have_________food.
It needed_________ice.
They______speak to us yet.
I_______do my homework.
__
____can we stay?
98
PHRASES
1. I needed to talk with my uncle yesterday morning about the farm.
2. She spoke very much at my party. She spoke about her family.
3. I ate cookies, cake and pineapple for breakfast yesterday.
4. They drank all the juice at the school party. I didnt eat anything.
5. I already spoke with my boss on Monday about his birthday.
6. Did you eat anything before the class today? I ate some cake.
7. I have to go home now, because my son doesnt like to stay by himself.
8. We spoke with our parents about their exciting trip to New York.
9. I drank a glass of milk, because I didnt want to have dinner.
10. Did you say to him why we didnt go there yesterday? No, I didnt.
11. How did you know where I lived? I needed to talk to you about this.
12. Each year we learn more and more about his family.
13. Did you know that Frank wants to go to the movies with you?
14. My brother eats avocado for dessert. I always prefer ice cream.
15. Her boss didnt like the coffee. She makes coffee every day.
16. Those children never come to any meetings. They live very far.
17. Why do you have to go now? Because I have to get up in the morning.
18. How many times a year do you go to visit your relatives?
19. What happened to your uncle day before yesterday? He drank a lot.
20. She says, she cant understand why these are so expensive.
99
L E S S O N
E I G H T E E N
SOUNDS EXERCISES
sons semelhantes
A produo correta dos alofones pode ser difcil de superar.
/b/
bear
bin
bay
bark
bill
bun (bn)
bunch
bus
beach (bitch)
ball
/p/
pear (per)
pin
pay
park
pill
pun (pn)
punch
pus (ps)
peach (pitch)
pall
100
/d/
/t/
dame
tame
deer (dr)
tear (tir)
deem (dim)
team (tim)
doll
tall
dale
tale
dare (dr)
tear (tr)
den
ten
duck
tuck
dent
tent
dip (dp)
tip (tp)
doom
tomb (tm)
Dick (dk)
tick
/g/
/k/
goal (gal)
coal (cal)
gall
call
goat (gt)
coat (ct)
gauge
cage
ghost (gst)
coast
gash
cash
gauze (gaz)
cause (cas)
gay
kay (kei)
gold
cold
guard (grd)
card (crd)
101
PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES
A pronncia do ed no final dos verbos regulares na forma do passado, pode ser feita
de trs maneiras diferentes:
1. ed= id sempre que o verbo terminar por ted ou ded , no passado, pronuncie o
ed:
to end ended (terminou)
to start started (comeou)
to want wanted (desejou)
to add added (acrescentou)
to invent invented
to pretend pretended (fingiu)
ee = i
see (ver)
bee (abelha)
tree (rvore)
need
seed (semente)
sleep
week
beet (beterraba)
feet (ps)
ea = i
eat (comer)
tea (ch)
cream (creme)
dream (sonho)
eagle (guia)
team (time)
meat
beat (bater)
leave (partir)
102
REVIEW
OLD house
NEW store
WANTED
LIKED
ATE
DRANK
SAW
103
L E S S O N
N I N E T E E N
OBJECTS
NIECE (nss) sobrinha
HOLIDAY - feriado
ANIVERSARY - aniversrio
GRANDMOTHER
ADVANTAGE - vantagem
GRANDFATHER
DISADVANTAGE - desvantagem
WOMAN
MAN
MUSEUM - museu
HUMAN BEING
GYM
104
DENTIST
FACTORY
JUDGE
FIELD
CLERK
PARK
GUITAR
VERBS
WANT / WANTED
They wanted to go with us. I wanted to see you.
SEE / SAW
She saw the pretty field. We saw them yesterday.
WORK / WORKED
I worked all week. They worked for Bob.
PLAY / PLAYED
105
My kids played in the park. One time he played sax.
QUALIFIERS
SOON logo, em breve
AGAIN de novo, outra vez
BETWEEN entre (dois pontos)
AMONG entre (no meio de)
UNDER - embaixo de
OVER por cima de
ACROSS atravs (por cima, do outro lado, cruzando)
EXPRESSIONS
ALL DAY o dia todo
DAY AFTER DAY dia aps dia
NIGHT AFTER NIGHT noite aps noite
YEAR AFTER YEAR ano aps ano
HOUR AFTER HOUR hora aps hora
SOONER OR LATER mais cedo ou mais tarde
THE SOONER THE BETTER quanto antes melhor
IS THERE? existe?
106
EXSISTE / OBJETO / LUGAR
GRAMMAR
BANK MANAGER gerente de banco
SOCCER GAME jogo de futebol
ENGLISH TEACHER professor de ingls
To BE
I WAS
(passado)
I WASNT
WAS I?
YOU WERE
YOU WERENT
WERE YOU?
HE WAS
HE WASNT
WAS HE?
SHE WAS
SHE WASNT
WAS SHE?
IT WAS
IT WASNT
WAS IT?
WE WERE
WE WERENT
WERE WE?
THEY WERE
THEY WERENT
107
We go to school_____________.
108
109
The cookies ______ with Susan.
PHRASES
110
L E S S O N
T W E N T Y
SOUND STUDY
Fonemas Consonantais de SONS ESTRANHOS
brand marca
cookie
cook cozinheiro, a
count contar
dirty sujo
dusty empoeirado
dust poeira
monkey macaco
monk - monge
red vermelho
roomy (rumi)
study (stdi)
sun sol
tide mar
coffee
cough those
forty (frti)
fort forte
111
SOUND EXERCISES -
Sons Semelhantes
/r/
/t/
parry (puri)
patty
berry
Betty
bearer (brer)
better
perish
pettish
Harry
Hattie
Erick
attic
perry
petty
barrel
battle
Carol
cattle
jetty
/ou/
/al/
go
goal
foe
foal
bow
bowl (boal)
mow
mole (moal)
row
roll (roal)
show
shoal
tow
toll
sew (sou)
soul (soal)
hoe
hole (hoal)
dough
dole (doal)
112
/iu/
/il/
cue (ku)
kill
chew (tiu)
chill
few
fill
hew
hill
mew
mill
ewe (u)
ill
/L seguido de consoante/
boat (bout)
bolt (blt)
coat
colt
code (cude)
cold
goad (gud)
gold
hoed (rude)
hold
mode (mud)
mold
ode (ud)
old
road
rolled (ruled)
113
PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES
ou / au / aw = o
ou = au
brought trouxe
bound limite
bought comprou
boundary fronteira
sought procurou
count contar
fought lutou
counsel conselho
thought pensou
doubt dvida
caught pegou
fountain fonte
taught ensinou
ground cho
haunted assombrado
grouch resmungar
sausage salsicha
hour hora
cause causa
house
daughter
loud alto-som
laundry lavanderia
naughty travesso
nought zero
mountain montanha
August agosto
mouse camundongo
Austrlia
mouth boca
Austrian austraco
out fora
automatic
outlaw a fora-da-lei
automobile automvel
outside exterior
auxiliary auxiliar
round redondo
south sul
law lei
couch sof
raw cru
ouch! ai!
about
gout artrite
114
ow = au
ou
now
would condicional
low baixo
cow vaca
should devia
below abaixo
how
could podia
ow = ou
blow soprar
wow! - oba
bow arco
owl coruja
bowl tijela
tower torre
bowling boliche
power poder
grow crescer
towel toalha
town vilarejo
own possuir
flower flor
row fileira
115
REVIEW
1) No passado verbos regulares + ed, mas faz 3 sons (d) (t) (d)
NEEDED (nided)
PLAYED (plid)
LIKED (likt)
ATE (it)
DRANK (draink)
SAW
GRANDSON
GRANDFATHER
GRANDDAUGHTER
GRANDPARENTS
GRANDKIDS / GRANDCHILDREN
NIECE
FATHER
BROTHER
UNCLE
NEPHEW
SON
SISTER
AUNT
MOTHER
DAUGHTER
KIDS
116
COULD COULDNT poder [passado]
L E S S O N
T W E N T Y
JANUARY (denueri)
O N E
DECEMBER (dicmbr)
FEBRUARY (fbiuari)
IN - em
NOVEMBER (nouvmbr)
MARCH (marte)
APRIL (eiprl)
MAY (mi)
JUNE (din)
OCTOBER (aktbr)
SEPTEMBER (setmbr)
AUGUST (gst)
JULY (diuli)
OBJECTS
RIVER
MOTORCYCLE
BLOCK
INSTRUMENT
CLUB
PRICE
117
CIRCUS
POPCORN
CLOWN (clun)
VERBS
GO / WENT (wnt)
Last night I went to the circus. They went with me.
STUDY / STUDIED
Yesterday we studied a lot.
QUALIFIERS
EARLY (rli) cedo, adiantado
LATE (lit) tarde, atrasado
SLOW (slu) lento
SLOWLY (sluli) lentamente
MIDDLE OF(mdol) meio de
ALONG (alan) junto, junto-a
[ WITH]
[WITH]
118
EXPRESSIONS
TOMORROW MORNING amanh de manh
DAY AFTER TOMORROW- depois de amanh
NEXT WEEK
THERE IS NOT / THERE ISNT no existe (singular)
THERE ARE NOT / THERE ARENT no existem (plural)
THERE WAS existia (singular passado)
THERE WERE - existiam (plural passado)
BY MYSELF
BY ITSELF
BY YOURSELF (bairseilf)
BY OURSELVES (bairselvs)
BY HIMSELF
BY YOURSELVES (bairselvs)
BY HERSELF
BY THEMSELVES
GRAMMAR
Para formar o futuro usamos o verbo auxiliar WILL.
I go.
They learn.
I WILL go.
She studies
It eats
It WILL eat.
WILL he go today?
He WONT go.
I WONT do this.
119
- FRAMES -
120
______________more books.
121
PHRASES
1. Why did you play soccer with your friends in the field?
2. I needed to help my wife, because the maid didnt come to work today.
3. She didnt open the windows, but she wanted to open the door.
4. I need to write to my customers this month. I didnt write in May.
5. We didnt go to the circus, because we didnt have any money.
6. What did he say to you yesterday? We spoke about his family.
7. I dont know why my cousin didnt have to work this last month.
8. It didnt eat anything all this week. Its not very well.
9. We didnt finish the homework yet. Do you know how to do it?
10. I was at the bank with my sister. They didnt have the money.
11. We saw you at the museum yesterday. Maybe we will see you again.
12. She didnt have time to go to the dentist this week. She works a lot.
13. My niece went to Los Angeles last year. I want to go this year.
14. I want to take my kids to the circus. They always like the clowns.
15. He didnt have anything to do this week, so he drank alot of beer.
16. I need to have a vacation soon. You dont know how much I work.
17. She says there was a chicken in the kitchen. Im not sure.
18. We needed to finish the meeting before noon. What time is it now?
19. Jane saw the handsome doctor, and now she wants to know who he is.
20. Will you know the price of these guitars by next week?
122
L E S S O N
T W E N T Y T W O
PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES
Letras mudas
Christmas
often freqentemente
could
half metade
talk (tk)
honest honesto
walk (wk)
hour
tion = xan
123
L E S S O N
T W E N T Y
T H R E E
OBJECTS
MECHANIC
WATCH
SECRETARY
CLOCK
BUSINESSMAN
TELEVISION
COP
STREET
124
GAS
STATION
FLOWER
GAS STATION
AIR ar
VERBS
HAVE / HAD
I had a horse last year. We had to study English.
UNDERSTAND / UNDERSTOOD
I never understood that judge. She understood you.
SELL (sl) / SOLD
I sold my house. They sold their animals.
BUY / BOUGHT (bat)
We bought a new clock. He bought a television.
QUALIFIERS
ALMOST (lmst) - quase
TOO tambm (final de frase)
ALSO - tambm, incluido
EVERYTHING toda coisa, tudo
ALL tudo
ALONE sozinho
125
EXPRESSIONS
MERRY CHRISTMAS! - Feliza natal!
HAPPY NEW YEAR! Feliz ano novo!
HAPPY BIRTHDAY! Feliz aniversrio!
REALLY realmente, de verdade
REALLY? - mesmo?
ARE YOU MARRIED? Voc casado?
IM SINGLE
- Sou solteiro
Est quente
GRAMMAR
WOULD - usado para formar o condicional
We WOULD
VERBOS AUXILIARES
DONT / DID
WILL
WOULD
SHOULD
DIDNT
WONT
WOULDNT
SHOULDNT
126
FRAMES
2)
He ________ my letter.
He is a clown _____.
127
128
L E S S O N TWENTY - FOUR
OBJECTS
PANTS (slacks)
COUCH
SHIRT (shrt)
SHOES
DRESS
SKIRT
Miss Wilson
QUESTION
GIRLFRIEND - namorada
TRUCK (truak)
BOYFRIEND namorado
(Ms. Wilson)
129
VERBS
to ASK / (AST)ASKED
..OBJETOS
He wa/nts to a!/sk a question.
to ANSWER / ANSWERED(rd)
responder
to REMEMBER / REMEMBERED
lembrar de
(REMIND)
esquecer de
QUALIFIERS
WHO quem
WHOSE de quem, cujo, do qual, dos quais
WHOM que, quem , a qual , as quais
IF se
IF...........THEN...........
TIRED - cansado
WHOLE todo, inteiro
ALL
EVERY / EACH
130
EXPRESSIONS
to PUT ON vestir
pants
RIGHT AWAY
shoes
to GET ON -
imediatamente
subir, entrar
GRAMMAR
depois da pessoa ou
My sisters car.
TO BE
I AM
IM NOT
AM I?
YOU ARE
YOURE NOT
ARE YOU?
HE IS
HES NOT
IS HE?
SHE IS
SHES NOT
IS SHE?
IT IS
ITS NOT
IS IT?
WE ARE
WERE NOT
ARE WE?
YOU ARE
YOURE NOT
ARE YOU?
THEY ARE
THEYRE NOT
ARE THEY?
CAN BE
SHOULD BE
WAS
WERE
WILL BE
COULD BE
WOULD BE
131
FRAMES
We_______Mrs. Jones.
I_______those shoes.
need?
I didnt______to go to the museum.
money.
9. The children are very TIRED.
My girlfriend studied______week.
We talked the______trip.
132
The students are________of the teacher.
want
to
know
the_______question.
____________Brazil.
____________the game.
We want to go__________.
133
PRACTICE PHRASES
1. When I went to the beach, I talked to my father about the car problem.
2. I drank wine at the party last night. What did you drink?
3. John lives together with his sister. I asked Mr. Jones about him.
4. I didnt eat rice and beans for dinner yesterday. I only ate salad.
5. Did you see the birds in the garden? They are very happy today.
6. Mrs. Johnson lives in that apartment building. She works at the bank.
7. Did you play the new game with your children? Did you know how to play?
8. Last week I visited my cousin at the beach. I slept on his couch.
9. I like to study when I am at home. My sister and I study together.
10. I understand your problem with the maid. She never gets up on time.
11. Whose house is that one on the corner? Maybe its the judges house.
12. Who is her boyfriend? Hes my cousin Frank. Where does he live?
13. I dont know if I can finish the whole test in just one hour.
14. Mr. Perry works downtown in the old bank building. He is a clerk.
15. Did you go to the store by yourself?
16. Do you know who is in the living room? Its your uncle Jack.
17. I dont know if they will remember how to go to the park.
18. I bought a new dress for me to go to the party tonight.
19. Who can answer Mrs.(missus) Andersons question? Will I have to answer it?
20. We need to get off this train right away! There is a problem.
L E S S O N TWENTY - FIVE
OBJECTS
FOREIGNER estrangeiro
FRIES (fris)
NATIONALITY nacionalidade
HAMBURGER
COAT
PEACH
BAG
CAMERA
NEWS - notcias
OPPORTUNITY - oportunidade
PIANO
CAN
HEALTH
sade
VERBS
parar
QUALIFIERS
EXPRESSIONS
AS USUAL
como sempre
NEVER MIND
ALL RIGHT
no importa, esquece
certo, est bem
WELL,...
Bem,....
AS.....AS
to.......como
GRAMMAR
WILL BE + Adj.
WILL BE + ABLE TO
- Will be fun
- Will be happy
- Will be able to go
WILL NOT BE
SHOULD BE
WOULD BE
CAN BE
SHOULDNT BE
WOUDNT BE
CANT BE
COULD BE
COULDNT BE
FRAMES
6. It is a FAST horse.
I drive_____ he sleeps.
PHRASES
LESSON TWENTY-SIX
OBJECTS
EXERCISE
WALL
BARBECUE
BED
SANDWICH
JACKET
FILM
MEN
AIRPORT
WEMEN
PILOT(pilet)
BALL
ZOO
END fim
ROOM
DRIVER
TOWEL
ACCIDENT
ROSE
BABY
VERBS
to LOSE / LOST
to MEAN / MEANT
escolher
(choice)
I need to find a restroom. Did you find out where she lives?
QUALIFIERS
BEHIND atrs de
DELICIOUS - delicioso
WITHOUT - sem
UGLY feio
EASY - fcil
FUNNY engraado
EXPRESSIONS
CONGRATULATIONS parabns
SO FAR at agora
ON PURPOSE proprositadamente
to LIE DOWN deitar-se
LOST AND FOUND - achados e perdidos
Are you in Rio?... I MEAN So Paulo? quer dizer
GRAMMAR
TOO FAR longe demais
TURBO
INTONAO
MANAGER gerente
SINGER - cantos
BUYER comprador
CARRIER - carregador
TEACHER - ensinador
PLAYER - jogador
{1}
TEMPO CONTNUO
To BE + ( )ING
{2} (
)ING =
****
To work = working
To drink = drinking
{4} start,begin,finish,stop,quit (
)ING
No ingls usamos a forma do perfeito ou na forma simples ou progressiva, para expressar uma
ao que comeou no passado e ainda continua no presente:
O presente perfeito no ingls formado com o presente do verbo HAVE usado com o
I have gone to California one time a year during these last five years.
- Tenho ido a Califrnia uma vez por ano durante estes ltimos cinco anos.
PARTICPIO USO #2
BE + particpio
- This is done.
- He will be finished.
- It was bought.
.
SHOULD BE
WOULD BE
CAN BE
COULD BE
FRAMES
What do you______?
He plays piano________.
He is a _________waiter.
Peaches are__________.
PRACTICE PHRASES
1.
We went to a party on the farm last Sunday. We had barbecue for lunch.
2.
3.
She never had the opportunity to study, so she wont be able to read.
4.
5.
The accident happened because the student driver didnt know English.
6.
The whole class said goodbye. Sooner or later they will come again.
7.
8.
I have never gone to the States, but I will be going in a few months.
9.
He said there are no opportunities for him here. I really dont think so.
10.
I always forget your name. Never mind, its a difficult name to remember.
11.
They read and wrote some letters while I slept. She likes to write.
12.
I asked Jon. Have you seen if the sandwiches are behind the couch?
13.
14.
15.
16.
There is a buyer for your house on 4th street. Do you still want to sell?
17.
I meant to close the office windows but I forgot. Could you do it?
18.
Janet is very happy. She has waited for her birthday all year.
19.
Marys health is very good. She has been walking 3 Km, a day.
20.
I have gone to California one time a year during these last five years.
21.
22.
Your son is very smart. You should talk to him about his new lesson.
23.
Im drinking too much, my health is not very good. Lets go to the doctor.
24.
25.
LESSON TWENTY-SEVEN
Nos primeiros mdulos concentramos nosso estudo de lnguas dentro do contexto dos
SONS. Sons semelhantes e diferentes. O tom da voz e o ritmo tambm fazem parte desta
primeira base.
Agora nestes ltimos mdulos vamos concentrar em mais fases importantes na
aprendizagem do ingls, que so:
- Juntando MORFEMAS para formular palavras;
- Juntando palavras para formar sentenas e clusulas;
- Os significados dos morfemas, palavras e as combinaes destas palavras.
LANGUAGE STUDY
MORFEMAS Formas
Morfemas so as menores partes individuais de um idioma que tem significado. Morfemas podem
ser uma palavra inteira ou parte de uma palavra. A palavra CAT por exemplo um morfema
singular. No pode ser dividido em partes significativas. Porm, a palavra CATS se dispe de
dois morfemas a palavra cat significando um quadrpede da famlia felidae, - e o s que
significa plural. Este s no usado sozinho em conversa normal, no sendo ento uma palavra,
porm, sendo uma parte com significado das palavras CATS, BOOKS, BOYS etc., sendo ento
um morfema.Lnguas so muito diferentes na maneira em que juntem e agrupem morfemas.
Observaes crticas sobre morfemas e a maneira que so combinados para formar palavras
pode ser muito til para quem est aprendendo ingls. Por outro lado, no devemos substituir
saber sobre o idioma por realmente conhecer o idioma. Procedimentos analticos so ajudas
bsicas, permitiro ao aluno evitar muitos erros e facilitaro seu progresso rpido.
KANGAROO joey
CAT kitten
LION cub
FOX cub
TIGER cub
COW calf
MOOSE calf
GOAT kid
TURKEY poult
DEER fawn
HORSE colt
WHALE calf
DOG puppy
SEAL pup
DUCK duckling
SHEEP lamb
OBJECTS
FLIGHT vo
WEATHER
PASSENGER
CLOTHES
COOK
PURSE
MAILMAN
MOVIE
MENU
FLOOR
BOTTLE
PAPER
BOWL
PHONE
GRAPES
ENVELOPE
TOMATO
STAPLER
VERBS
to RUN / RAN
escutar
to PLAN / PLANND
planejar
QUALIFIERS
(to be)
COLD frio
(to be)
COOL refrescante
(to be)
RELIGIOUS religioso
PINK cor-de-rosa
(to be)
READY pronto
(to be)
BRAZILIAN brasileiro
(to be)
AMERICAN americano
to ARRIVE(airiv) chegar
ARRIVAL (airval) chegada
COMPLEX(compx) complicado
COMPLEXITY complexidade
ABLE(bol) apto
DYNAMTICISM dinamismo
EXPRESSIONS
WHOSE FAULT IS IT? De quem a culpa?
to FALL ASLEEP adormecer
to GO TO BED ir dormir
to TRY ON experimentar (roupa)
to GET SICK ficar doente
to GET WELL ficar bem
to GET OLD ficar velho
to GET MARRIED casar-se
to GET HURT ficar machucado
to GET BLAMED ser acusado
YES, OF COURSE sim, claro
NO, OF COURSE NOT no, claro que no
AT LEAST pelo menos
GREAT! timo!
HURRY !! depressa!!
ITS RAINING est chovendo.
GRAMMAR
to BE (passado)
I WAS
I WASNT
WAS IT?
YOU WERE
YOU WERENT
WERE YOU?
HE WAS
HE WASNT
WAS HE?
SHE WAS
SHE WASNT
WAS SHE?
IT WAS
IT WASNT
WAS IT?
WE WERE
WE WERENT
WERE WE?
YOU WERE
YOU WERENT
WERE YOU?
THEY WERE
THEY WERENT
WERE THEY?
FRAMES
1. The kids like to RUN.
10.
He is never _______.
PHRASES
1. How many apples did you get? Only five, where is the bowl?
2. The new maid comes here everyday. She doesnt live with us.
3. My flight is here. Im traveling to Chicago to visit my relatives.
4. He wants to take his kids to the zoo. They will stay until 4:00.
5. Its getting late. What time do you plan to make dinner?
6. Their daughter cooks very well. We went to her house last Sunday.
7. When will you finish your homework? I plan to finish tomorrow.
8. Where did you buy those pants? I bought them in Miami last year.
9. I wouldnt know anything about this if you hadnt said something.
10. They started working late yesterday. After the job they went to run.
11. I didnt have the opportunity to try on the new dress you bought for me.
12. We finished planning our party for this Saturday. Listen to this.
13. I should have talked to him yesterday, but I didnt have time.
14. Do you know where we could get an envelope for my letter? Yes, of course!
15. How can you listen to that music? The animals are running.
16. The mailman stopped when the dog ran after him. Hes ready for anything.
17. My family is very religious, but they still have faults.
18. The waiter asked which wine wed prefer.
19. I saw two foreigners trying on Brazilian clothes when I was downtown.
20. We have waited too many years to buy a new house. Now we will buy it.
LESSON TWENTY-EIGHT
LANGUAGE STUDY
MORFEMAS Formas
Tipos de Morfemas
Cada morfema numa lngua tem vria caractersticas baseado no seu relacionamento
distribucional com os outros morfemas; na base destas diferenas, morfemas podem ser
classificados de vrias formas:
raiz
un
true
un
happy
in
valid
sufixo
cat
slow
ly
accord
ance
OBJECTS
SLEEVE (slv)
GLASSES
SUNGLASSES
horrios
CONTACT LENSES
BATTERY
EXPERIENCE - experincia
T. V. (tivi)
FLAVOR sabor
PACKAGE
GARDEN
LADY
COLLEGE faculdade
BANKER banqueiro
HOSPITAL hospital
OCCUPATION - ocupao
ANGER - raiva
DOCUMENT
TRY - tentativa
VERBS
to TRY / TRIED
experimentar, tentar
QUALIFIERS
PAIR par
pair of shoes
pair of pants
BAD mau
WORSE THAN pior que
THE WORST o pior
EXPRESSIONS -
I (can,will,did,should...),too.
GRAMMAR
SUN sol
SUNNY ensolarado
FUN (fan) divertido
FUNNY engraado
FRIEND amigo
FRIENDLY (frndli) amigvel
ANGER raiva
ANGRILY furiosamente
BOY menino
BOYISH (boich) com jeito de menino
SICK doente
SICKISH com jeito doente
PIG porco
PIGGISH com jeito de porco
CUBE cubo
CUBIC cbico
PERIOD (perod) perodo
PERIODIC (peridic) peridico
FRAMES
He is a _______ man.
_____ of batteries.
He is a ______ boss.
has
PHRASES
1.
I have to leave now. Its late and I have been trying to go home.
2.
My daughter needs to buy a new dress, because she has a party tomorrow.
3.
I will meet you at the station. Great, buy they changed my schedule.
4.
Mr. Sanchez always asks about his pretty nieces when he visits Brazil.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The bell boy tried, but he couldnt carry my bag. I laughed a lot.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
If he has so much experience, then I dont know why he works here yet.
17.
My kids are great. I want to help them while they are still in college.
18.
19.
It was raining very much while I was talking to him on the phone.
20.
L E S S O N TWENTY-NINE
LANGUAGE STUDY
MORFEMAS Formas
Alm das distines entre razes e no- razes (uma diferena de distribuio)
precisamos notar certas outras diferenas entre morfemas baseado no relacionamento dos
morfemas entre si. Estas diferenas so entre morfemas
aditivos,
multiplicativos,
substituveis, e subtrativos.
Morfemas substituveis como seu nome implica, substituem partes de outros morfemas.
Destes o ingls tem muitos. Por exemplo o plural de TOOTH (dente) TEETH. Para fazer o
plural neste caso o som de u substitudo por um morfema substituvel iy:
plural
objeto verbo
foot / feet
sheath to sheathe
wreath to wreathe
teeth to teethe
man / men
woman / women
OBJECTS
CLASSROOM
NOTEBOOK
KEYS
SUITCASE
MESSAGE
BLANKET
LIFE vida
PILLOW
ATTENTION
BOOTS
ADDRESS
recado
ateno
TOYS
FRIDGE
VERBS
to THINK / THOUGHT pensar, achar (que)
I need to think about this test. He doesnt think.
QUALIFIERS
UP para cima, cima
BLUE azul
ACROSS atravs
GREEN verde
BUSY ocupado
OTHER outro
BOTH ambos
ON sobre, em cima
EXPRESSIONS
APPLE TREE
PEACH TREE
FRUIT TREE
LUGGAGE (lgadh) / BAGGAGE (bgadh) bagagem
EVERYBODY todos, todo o mundo
GO AWAY!, STAY AWAY, RUN AWAY
to PAY ATTENTION - prestar ateno
to HANG UP (HUNG UP) pendurar, desligar o telefone
PROBABLY - provavelmente
to STAND UP (standp) ficar em p
to SIT DOWN sentar-se
to GET DOWN descer
I WISH! (wch) quem dera!
FROM NOW ON daqui em diante
ALL OF A SUDDEN repentinamente
SUDDENLY repentinamente
GIVE MY REGARDS TO ... - d minhas lembranas ...
FOR EXAMPLE (exmpol) por exemplo
SEE YOU LATER at mais tarde
- FRAMES -
2.
3. I like to SHOP.
4.
6.
He ______ a cop.
8.
He likes to be _____.
I am in _____ city.
PHRASES
1.
I think that New York City is beautiful. I went there last year.
2.
3.
4.
They thought we had left the party very early but we were still there.
5.
6.
I didnt plan my schedule for last week because I went to Rio on business.
7.
I think the stranger lied about the weather. Its not snowing here.
8.
9.
I didnt read the letter yet, but I want to read it after dinner.
LESSON THIRTY
LANGUAGE STUDY-
Morfemas Significados
OBJECTS
DESK
DRAWER
CUPBOARD (kbrd)
BATHROOM, RESTROOM
SHOWER (shuer)
BEDROOM
CHINESE (tiniz)
FACT (fect)
fato
GATE
SEAT BELT
SONG cano, uma msica
TIP (tp) gorteja, dica, ponta
TIE (ti)
WALLET
RIDE - carona
bathing suit
VERBS
to PAY / PAID (pid) pagar
Did you pay the maid?
to PUT / PUT
I like to sing.
por, colocar
to STAND / STOOD
QUALIFIERS
THROUGH atravs de, pelo meio de, por
UNDER (ndr) em baixo de, debaixo
BESIDE - do lado, ao lado
ON seguindo em frente.Go on, Pass on, Roll on, From now on.
EXPRESSIONS
EVERYBODY (vribari) todos, todo o mundo
EVERYONE (vriwan) todos, todo o mundo
SOMEONE (smwan) algum
ANYONE algum (interrogativo, negativo)
NO ONE (nwan) ningum
PAYBACK acerto de contas, vingana
BROKE (bruk) liso, sem dinheiro
IN FRONT OF em frente de
to GIVE A RIDE dar carona
to TURN OFF (to trnf) desligar
to TURN ON (to trnon) ligar
HOWEVER de qualquer modo
WHICHEVER quaisquer
DBETTER
** SEMI-VERBO AUX.**
GONNA
To be (Going + to verbo .)
Immediate Future
Im going to study.
Shes not going to (gonna) go.
What are you (gonna) wear?
What are we (gonna) do?
- FRAMES -
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
2.
4.
He _____ us to see.
I DBETTER go.
PHRASES
1.
My sister doesnt like to wash the dishes, but she likes to cook.
2.
She wanted to wear her new red blouse next week. Are you going with her?
3.
I need to take my two sons to the doctor. Both got sick last night.
4.
I shopped for a suit and tie, but then I bought only a shirt.
5.
6.
Im going to take along both kinds of soda. Do you prefer another soda?
7.
8.
Did you remember the tip? No I only paid the waiter for the meal.
9.
10. Does your mother cook well? What kinds of food do you like to eat?
11. She said she didnt know how to go home from where she was.
12. They opened the window, because it was very hot in the bedroom.
13. How much money does he already have for the trip? He dbetter have more.
14. How could you allow him to do this? I dont know how to help him.
15. Is she waiting for a taxi? Does she want a ride?
16. Where did you put the wine? I put it in the fridge to get cold.
17. She already finished her homework and now she is playing in the park.
18. I thought I saw someone driving your car. By the way, wheres the key?
19. You dbetter not go in there. Do you know what you are going to find?
20. Our maid was at the gate. She was riding a green bicycle.
LANGUAGE STUDY-
2. No h equivalncia exata entre idiomas. Temos que aprender que cada palavra em
cada lngua tem seu prprio significado especial e que ns no podemos presumir que
as duas lnguas tm quaisquer detalhes que concordam. Uma das maiores dificuldades
vem de presumir que palavras parecidas com o portugus tm o mesmo significado.
Uma vez que a pessoa reconhece que a cada palavra de um idioma tem sua
histria especial e rea de significado, ela evitar muitos erros srios que vem de
ignorncia ou negligncia. As palavras no devem ser traduzidas literalmente do ingls
para o portugus.
OBJECTS
THOUGHT
AMUSEMENT PARK
LETTER
CLOSET
HUMOR humor
NAPKIN
JUSTICE
HAT
CONCERT
GIFT / PRESENT
STADIUM
KISS
REPORTER
INTERVIEW entrevista
MARRIAGE (ato)
WEDDING (evento)
BRIDE - noiva
HISTORY histria
BRIDEGROOM noivo
ELECTRICITY
GARTER
(fianc)
SOUP(sp)
RING
VOWS votos
SOAP
VERBS
to TELL / TOLD - contar, narrar
We participated.
(FROM)
(TO)
QUALIFIERS
BEHIND atrs de
SUN sol
INSIDE dentro
SHADE sombra
OUTSIDE - fora
SHADOW sombra
DIRTY sujo
SUNNY ensolarado
CLEAN limpo
WRONG errado
RIGHT certo
AGAINST contra
HEALTHY saudvel
FULL cheio
WISE sbio
EMPTY - vazo
EXPRESSIONS
SUMMER vero
this one
FALL outono
which one
WINTER inverno
any one
SPRING primavera
GRAMMAR
o mais (
a mais (
os mais (
os menos (
as mais (
as menos (
MORE
o menos (
a menos (
LESS
Aa
Bb
Cc
Dd
Ee
Ff
Gg
Hh
Ii
Jj
Kk
Ll Mm
Nn
Oo
Pp
Rr
Ss
Tt
Uu
Vv
Ww
Xx
Yy
Zz
FRAMES
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
2.
4.
6.
8.
I am _________ you.
My car is _____.
PHRASES
1.
I looked at her while she looked at the dirty couch. I cleaned the couch.
2.
I saw your dog in the street. The children were afraid of your dog.
3.
Did you take the gift to your aunt? She liked it very much.
4.
5.
6.
Would you like to try on another dress? This one is very beautiful.
7.
She remembered to buy the soap. I knew she was going to buy it today.
8.
Did you like the soup last night? I was so good the restaurant was full.
9.
I paid the telephone bill and now I dont have money for the ice cream.
10. Where did you put the keys? I left them on the table. Didnt you see?
11. Is her bicycle in the car? I put it inside the garage.
12. Jack borrowed a coat for the interview. His was at the cleaners.
13. John is telling a story. Its one about learning to participate in life.
14. A popular story is usually easy to tell. Can you remember one?
15. That information is easy to get. All that you need is enough money.
16. Sooner or later youll have to borrow something from someone.
17. I cant lend any more money to you. You still havent paid me.
18. Jane wanted to have nothing more to do with her boyfriend.
19. He started reading when he was five years old. I think he will be smart.
20. Is it very far to where you live? Never mind, well go by car.
LESSON THIRTY-TWO
LANGUAGE STUDY
MORFEMAS Categorias de Significados
Nmero - muitas lnguas mostram uma diferena entre nmeros singulares (um) e plurais (mais
do que um);
Tempo temos o passado, o presente e o futuro, que poderemos sub-dividir para remoto,
perto e regular. Tensos relativos definem o tempo em relao a outros tempos ie.: o tenso
perfeito, referindo-se a alguma ao do passado em relao ao presente.
Voz a voz indica o relacionamento dos participantes da ao. No ingls, tais relacionamentos
so indicados na forma da frase. Contrastes da voz tem alguns dos seguintes:
ativo
passivo
reflexivo
transitivo
intransitivo
- John ran.
OBJECTS
LIGHT
RESEARCH pesquisa
DARKNESS
COST (cst)
WAY (wi)
WARNING
GOVERNMENT
WINNER
RUG
LOSER
CARPET
FUTURE
BUTCHER
KNIFE
CANDY
TRASH(trch)
VERBS
to PRACTICE (prctes) / PRACTICED praticar, treinar
You need to practice playing your guitar.
I fixed it!
QUALIFIERS
FANTASTIC (fentstic) fantstico
BORING (brin) tedioso, sem graa
STRONG forte
WEAK (wik) fraco
EMPTY (mpti) vazio
WITHOUT sem
EXPRESSIONS
DIFFERENT THAN diferente de
SAME AS mesmo que, igual
ONCE IN A WHILE (uancenawil) de vez em quando
USED TO costumava
DRIVERS LICENSE (driverlicens) carteira de habilitao
ON THE OTHER HAND por outro lado
YOU DRIVE ME CRAZY voc me deixa louco
YOU DRIVE ME UP THE WALL-v. me faz subir as paredes
to SAVE MONEY poupar dinheiro
to BE NERVOUS estar nervoso ( to Get nervous)
to BE CALM estar calmo (to Get calm)
to BE USED TO ser / estar acostumado (to Get used to)
WHERE DO YOU COME FROM? De onde voc vem?
WHERE ARE YOU FROM? De onde voc ?
I COME FROM LOS ANGELES. Venho de Los Angeles.
IM FROM DALLAS. Sou de Dallas.
- FRAMES
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
2.
We __________ everyday.
4.
6.
8.
10.
12.
He ________ my research.
14.
16.
18.
He is a _______person.
20.
22.
___________ time.
Electricity is _________ .
24.
He is a _____________ driver.
26.
PHRASES
1.
2.
We arrived late at the circus on Saturday. The clowns had already left.
3.
Dont forget to close the door. Its cold and dark outside.
4.
The cost of this swimming pool is the same as that one. Really?
5.
6.
They listened to the girls request, but neither one of the judges spoke.
7.
He didnt pay the bill. I think that he left his wallet at home.
8.
9.
He gave her the keys but she wanted a kiss. I think she was right.
10. She arranged the beautiful flowers on the table. Its almost time for dinner.
11. I forgot to take clothes to the laundry. I even lost the ticket.
12. Their research is going to answer many questions about the universe.
13. When you drive, you have to be careful or you will have an accident.
14. I waited for you all day. Where were you? Why are you so late?
15. The manager arranged for us to stay in the shade because the sun was hot.
16. I was practicing all afternoon because I want to be a good player.
17. He left at 2:30. He went to the airport to meet his brothers flight.
18. Everyone wants to know the source to be healthy, wealthy and wise.
19. There was a warning on the bottle. This made me feel nervous.
20. You will be a winner if you have the right ticket. I lost it.
LESSON THIRTY-THREE
LANGUAGE STUDY
Muitos alunos de ingls conseguem dominar as formas das palavras do ingls, pelo
menos aquelas palavras que ocorrem com mais freqncia, mas alguns nunca aprendem a
juntar as palavras em frases naturais. Usam as palavras, mas o sintaxe (o arranjo e ordem das
palavras) est completamente abrasileirado. Mesmo com uma pronuncia boa muitas vezes
demonstramos nosso lado brasileiro com o traduo ismo que fica evidente na nossa maneira
de falar ingls. verdade que uma pronuncia ruim nos marca como estrangeiros, mas tendo
uma ordem de palavras desordenada construes incorretas ser mais irritante ainda para
quem nativo do ingls. Em nenhum lngua so as palavras restritas a uma ordem apenas.
A ordem um dos traos mais importantes de um arranjo e usado para marcar muitos
relacionamentos significantes. Por exemplo, no ingls, geralmente distinguimos entre sujeitos e
objetos apenas por ordem: John likes Sue., Sue likes John.
Em alguns casos, no portugus, a mesma palavra numa ordem diferente ter um significado
diferente. Por exemplo a palavra pobre pode significar sem sorte quando usado antes de
um substantivo, e sem dinheiro quando vem seguindo o substantivo. Por exemplo:
A pobre mulher
A mulher pobre
pessoas de entender completamente e apreciar o que nos temos para dizer. No h nada que
irrita mais o ouvinte do que a ordem errada das palavras.
OBJECTS
FRIDGE (frdh)
PIE (pai)
MAIL BOX
DIRECTIONS (dirkchans) direes, instrues
POPULATION
EDUCATION
GUTTER sargeta
SQUARE
VERBS
to KEEP (kip) / KEPT (kpt) guardar, manter, continuar, ficar com
I keep my hats in my closet.
QUALIFIERS
OVER acima de, sobre, terminado
EXPRESSIONS
1.
3.
5.
You_____this.
They______calling.
She_____the money.
I never______people.
They always_______.
7.
9.
8.
They_____Bill to be a member.
Please, be ____________.
I am a _________ man.
We are in _________property.
We found many_______flowers.
I left my purse in your house. I think you left it at the snack bar.
2.
3.
Did you invite Jane to travel with us? I invited her but she cant go.
4.
I couldnt believe when she called me last month. She never calls.
5.
6.
The taxi driver was helping the old lady with her groceries.
7.
8.
Our teacher needs to come to our party. Why dont you invite him?
9.
They can never believe his stories, because they always have errors.
10. What are they doing in the rain? Theyre pulling their toys.
11. I called you because I need your help. Im a little sick today.
12. Did you keep the directions that came with the new camera?
13. This course is unknown to many people. I had no knowledge of it.
14. My mother made a delicious pie for my niece. Do you want a piece?
15. He had better call the telephone company about the last bill.
16. Yesterday I got a reasonable tip from a very wealthy customer.
17. My nephew called me two months ago. I really dont know where he is now.
18. The children wanted to keep the wild bird. They found it yesterday.
19. If you dont get rid of these ugly shoes I cant buy a new pair.
20. Could you please put the groceries in the fridge? I have a fever.
LESSON THIRTY-FOUR
LANGUAGE STUDY
substantivos como: adjetivo good man, substantivo gold ring, ou advrbio following
statement.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Vacilar entre palavras numa sentena no to ruim quanto parar no meio de uma
palavra para descobrir o final correto. Mesmo assim, todos os traos do ingls tm que vir ser
perfeitamente automticos. No possvel dominar os detalhes do sintaxe sem praticar
ouvindo o ingls e treinar, reconhecer e produzir expresses antes no encontradas.
Precisamos ficar to acostumados em perceber expresses que ao falar comeamos a nos
expressar automaticamente atravs destes modelos de frase naturais.
OBJECTS
THEATER
PLACE (plic) lugar
FAVOR (feiver) favor
SUITCASE
SHIP (chp)
BOAT (but)
VERBS
to ACCEPT / ACCEPTED aceitar
He didnt accept the job.
QUALIFIERS
SOMEBODY algum
ANYBODY algum, ningum ( interrogativo, negativo)
NOBODY ningum (negativo)
ENOUGH bastante, suficiente
NOT ENOUGH
MILLION milho
HALF metade
QUARTER quarto
MUST - deve (indica a autoridade do falante mas basicamente
igual should e have to)
to HARDEN endurecer
to RIPEN madurar
to SICKEN adoeer
GOLDEN dourado
WOODEN de madeira
EXPRESSIONS
FORTUNATELY (frtnateli) - felizmente
UNFORTUNATELY (nfortnateli) infelizmente
DISHWASHER (dshwacher) lavador de pratos, loua
ONE AND A HALF um e meio
I DOUBT IT!- Duvido!
IN LAWS (en ls) parentes de casamento
MOTHER IN LAW - sogra
FATHER IN LAW sogro
SON IN LAW genro
DAUGHTER IN LAW nora
BROTHER IN LAW cunhado
SISTER IN LAW cunhada
GRAMMAR
1. He swims.
2. He swam.
3. He will swim.
4. He could swim.
5. He might swim.
6. He has swum.
7. He had swum.
8. He is swimming.
9. He was swimming.
FRAMES
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
8.
I RECEIVED my diploma.
I _________ to do it.
PHRASES
1.
2.
3.
I took my daughter to the doctor. She had a fever two days ago.
4.
5.
She saw my brother in law walking on the street with his girlfriend.
6.
I forgot what I wanted to say. Who did you invite to the party?
7.
I took my car to be washed. It was very dirty and took hours to clean.
8.
I read the ad that you put in the newspaper. What did you think?
9.
Would you like to have dinner with us? I would like to, thank you.
10. Do you think he will arrive in time for the meeting? I think so.
11. Would you do me a favor, please? I need someone to help with this box.
12. Will you be at my party? When does it start? It will start at 9:00.
13. I cant forget to go out with my wife on Tuesday. Its her birthday.
14. Will you take the kids to the amusement park? I dont know yet.
15. I went to the airport, but unfortunately Mike had already left.
16. Will you take anybody with you on the boat? Im not sure yet.
17. We got up when the mailman arrived this morning. We slept until late.
18. Jane answers all the letters that she receives from her boyfriend.
19. Excuse me, what did you ask me? I asked what you would like to order.
20. Will you have enough time to do this? I really cant promise anything.