An Assignment on

Micro, small and Medium-scale Enterprise in Surat:

AQUERGY

Submitted By,
Anoop Vishnani

MBA (Semester III)

Section: B
Date: 18th November, 2014

Submitted to,
Dr. Vinod Patel
Department of Business and Industrial Management
Veer Narmad South Gujarat University
Academic Year: 2014-2015

Overview
Water as an energy source
Water energy resources include hydroelectric power from lakes and rivers, ocean energy in
its various forms, and energy technologies that take advantage of saline water.

Hydroelectric Power
Hydropower makes use of the kinetic energy water gains when it drops in elevation.
Typically, water dammed in a lake or reservoir is released through turbines and generators to
produce electricity, Hydropower has been a staple of electricity since the beginnings of the
electric age. However, very little of this potential is currently slated for development.
Significant legal and regulatory impediments, such as land acquisition and environmental
protection, will be a part of any major hydro project. Additionally, reservoirs are typically
built and managed as municipal water supply and flood control systems and secondarily for
power production. This fact lowers the potential impact of hydro development on the energy
picture.

Ocean Energy
Three distinct types of ocean resource are commonly mentioned as possible energy sources:
tides, waves, and ocean temperature differentials (ocean thermal energy conversion, or
OTEC). For example, tidal energy schemes capture water at high tide and release it at low
tide. Wave energy generation devices fall into two general classifications, fixed and floating.
In both cases, the oscillating motion of an incoming and outgoing wave is used to drive
turbines that generate electricity. Tide energy systems traps high tides in a reservoir. When
the tide drops, the water behind the reservoir flows through a power turbine, generating
electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion uses the difference in temperature between
warm surface water and cold deep ocean water to make electricity.

Saline Water
Saline and brackish water is common - normally it poses a problem for fresh water supplies.
Several technologies, however, can take advantage of saline water for energy production.
These include solar ponds and algae production. Solar ponds use the salt water in such a
manner that heat from sunlight is effectively locked in the pool and can be used for a number
of process heat applications or electricity production. The ability of the pond to store solar
thermal energy is unique and overcomes the resource variability that is a drawback of
traditional solar development. Salt water algaes grow prolifically under cultivated conditions
and can be pressed to extract biodiesel feedstocks or dried and burned for power production.
Although neither technology has been demonstrated beyond pilot levels, Texas is fortunate in
that regions with saline water resources also tend to be very sunny. If coupled with ongoing
fresh water chloride control efforts, exploitation of the saline water resource for energy
production may be possible for modest additional investment.

About the Company: AQUERGY

Company Name: Aquergy and Jalurja
Address:
Gr. Floor, Kaukawala building, Bilal Gali,
Nr. Badshah Ice cream, Karva Road,
Zampa Bazar, Surat Gujarat India 395007
Email ID: pratikthakore@hotmail.com, thakorepratik@yahoo.com

Team Members
Core Team
Pratik -The Chief designer of the Jalyantra machines.
Pinakin Electronics planning and design.

Other Members Ajay and Prakash.

Web design team
Darshak
Sagar Kapadia
Gaurav Gharat (J2EE Technology)

VISION AND MISSION

Vision:
It is difficult to change humans nature even if we know that we will not survive against
global warming.
So to satisfy the human greed and needs with a better alternative than the older ones in terms
of economic advantages and other benefits, just as horse carriages and station wagons were
replaced automobile and steam engines in the past. We need to replace our energy needs with
economically better alternative. And a good choice for today is water fuel.
A clean and green earth today and tomorrow with a better chance of survival of other species
as well.

Mission
To bring products for various applications into commercial use in Browns Gas
Technology.
Carry out research and development to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
To increase the efficiency of automobile engines and other equipment running on
fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions.

Why Aquergy came into existence:

CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEM
Limited resources of fossil fuels. The World Banks 2006 annual report warned that overconsumption of petroleum and gasoline will lead to the exhaustion of traditional energy
supplies by the end of this century
Damage to the environment resulting from use of fossil fuels-Greenhouse Emissions IPCC
Report May 6 2000
29 Billion tons of CO2 are pumped into the atmosphere every year
Due to the CO2 effect temperatures have risen by 3 degree c or more
The majority of the CO2 comes from the burning of petrol and coal
In the past 30-40 years, glacial ice in March and April declined by 7% to 10%
Natural disasters due to global warming are on the rise
Coastlines around the world are in threat
A 5 degree C. increase in temperature will lead to global catastrophe.
Our planet is under siege. Without stronger actions to lower carbon output, earth will face
more droughts, tornadoes, hurricanes and ice storms leading to catastrophic damage to our
societies and environment.
The economic losses will be up to 1 trillion USD by the year 2040
During the European Summit, held in March 2007, members agreed to triple electric
production from renewable sources by the year 2020.
Saving Energy and reducing carbon emissions are worldwide trends
The recent G8 summit in Germany in June 2007 concluded with the announcement that an
agreement has been reached to lessen global carbon emissions by the year 2009. Following
the Kyoto protocol, nations are expected to lower by 50%, their levels of carbon emission by
the year 2050.

The world needs an environmentally friendly way to clean up waste and to provide clean
water and energy to communities around the globe.
Consequently, development of alternate sources of energy are critical to our survival.70% of
the earth is covered with water.2.5% of that water is fresh.1/3rd of that fresh water is
available for human use. Scientists worldwide agree that hydrogen as a fuel has the greatest
potential in the 21st century. The future of energy will be led by hydrogen.

The Need for Alternative Fuels IS URGENT.

Technology FAQs
What is Browns Gas?
Browns gas is mainly a mixture of Hydrogen and Oxygen in a Stoichiometric ratio of 2:1. It
is generated by electrolysis of water, an economic, safe and efficient process. However, it
also contains mono-atomic Hydrogen, and mono-atomic Oxygen. Hydrogen and Oxygen
combine in a ratio of 2:1 to form water (water vapour). The resulting flame is extremely
versatile and can be used in a variety of applications.

The Combustion: 2 H2 + O2 = 2 H2O results back to pure water without any pollution.

Why Browns Gas?

Brown's gas technology is available to meet present challenges and is laying the groundwork
to face future challenges. Browns gas can be generated from pure water and can be used for
waste water. Browns Gas is produced on demand and on site avoiding the need for
transportation and storage of hydrogen which is dangerous and difficult. Current technology
has made the process of production of Browns gas very efficient and economical. No need
for high pressure tanks. With just 1cc of soft water, 1700 cc of gas can be generated.

What are some of the applications where Browns Gas can be used?
Some of the applications where Browns gas can be used are:
Cutting and Welding of Metals. For the welding industry, there are savings of 30%
compared to traditional fuels like oxy-acetylene, Soldering and Brazing.
Preheating before further processing, High temperature burners, Heating and Curing,
Hardening Materials and Quenching
Acrylic Polishing, Glass Processing, Manufacture of Jewelry Glazing and Kiln
Operation
Coal to oil conversion, Mineral Separation
Furnaces,Boilers, Incineration of hazardous waste and All forms of waste treatment
and incinerators
Underwater welding
Artistic work. Oxy-Acetylene flames impart a gray, muddy look to the material being
worked. However, this effect does not occur when Browns gas is used.
IC processing
Heat treatment and finishing for metals, plastics, rubber
Commercial food processing, Cooking-Domestic and Commercial
Dental Mold Manufacturing
Marble surfacing
Automotive Repair
Aluminum Processing
Crematoriums

Any application requiring a flame will benefit by significantly reducing CO2 emissions while
lowering operating costs

What are the properties of Browns Gas?

The flame generated by Browns gas is very versatile. It is capable of cutting, welding,
melting and burning any material from steel to tungsten.
Browns gas flame has the ability to shift its temperature to the melting point of the material
to which it is pointed at. The flame has certain special properties like thermonuclear reaction
which makes it very useful.
The flame is cool to touch, but it burns a hole to the centre of a brick
Tungsten lights up almost immediately
Ambient temperature is 259 c only. However, the flame can reach temperatures from 800 deg
C to 4000 deg C. It generates such a high heat that it can weld even steel and brick, whose
melting points are 1500 and 4000 deg Centigrade Though the temperature is 259 C,
It is equivalent to laser in cutting steel, for example, it can cut through lead, ceramic, brick
and Tungsten
It produces only water vapor on combustion and does not produce any toxic emissions.
The flame does not emit ultraviolet radiation
It is 30% faster
It is capable of replacing acetylene and propane in working metal.
Brown gas is very economical. It costs about 1\3 of oxy-acetylene gases of the same amount.
It results in complete combustion without any additional oxygen gas supply.
Browns gas can be used wherever flames and heat are required. In comparison, acetylene is
an unstable and explosive gas.

How is Jalyantra different from other machines?

The Jalyantra has special system to control electrolysis process at the required rate.What it
means is that the Jalyantra 200 has a constant capacity to produce 200 lts per hour of browns
gas but it can also run at 40 180 lts per hour for lower needs and thus saving electricity.
Which makes all the models versatile to cater different applications.

Can Browns gas be used in automobile engines?

When used to supplement petrol (gasoline),diesel or natural gas, it has the following
characteristics:
Hydrogen burns powerfully and easily
Oxygen increases the octane value of the fuel
It cleans up carbon built up in the engine
It increases horsepower of the engine
It results in savings of 15% to 28% when used together with conventional fuels
Retrofitting existing vehicles is extremely simple
It reduces the consumption of gasoline by increasing fuel efficiency and reducing gas
exhaust. Most of the conventional fuel usage is for transportation-70% of total. The
US has 4% of the worlds population but uses a quarter of the worlds fuel.

What is the impact of Browns Gas on the Environment?

The only output of a Browns Gas flame is water vapor. Hence, it is completely non
polluting. There is in indirect cost-that of generating the electricity to produce it. However,
current technology has made this process very efficient. When it is used to supplement
traditional fuels like gasoline (petrol) and diesel, there is 50%-80% reduction in pollution,
since the fuels burn better in the engine and produce less emissions.

What is the History of Browns Gas?

1962 - William A. Rhodes (USA) is the first inventor known to patent an electrolyzer that
produced the simple 'single-ducted' gas we now call Brown's Gas In the mid 1960's
1974 - Ten years after William Rhodes patents, Yull Brown (originally a Bulgarian Student
named Ilya Velbov 1922-1998) from Australia filed a patent on his design of a Brown's Gas
electrolyzer and spent the rest of his life trying to make Brown's Gas a commercial success.
He (convinced others) to spent about 30 million dollars and nearly 30 years in this endeavour.

Due to his lifelong effort, he is posthumously honoured by continuing to call the gas Brown's
Gas. Due to his efforts this variety of hydrogen gas is called Brown's Gas.

How is Browns Gas Produced?

Water (H2O) is a compound of Hydrogen and Oxygen in the ratio of 2:1, that is, 2 atoms of
Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen. Water can be split by electricity (electrolyzed) into its
constituents.
Electrolysis: 2 H2O = 2 H2 + O2
There are two ways in which the electrolysis can be carried out:

The traditional method uses separate cathode and anode. In this method, oxygen and
hydrogen are recovered separately from the cathode and anode, and are stored and
used separately.
The other method is Common Ducted Electrolysis.Common Ducted Electrolysis is a
method of electrolysis where the electrodes are not separated. The output is Browns
gas.

Browns Gas production, due to the design of the electrolyzer, is increasingly efficient as
compared to independently ducted electrolysis. A common ducted electrolyzer, utilizing
series cell parallel plate design, establishes a superior level of surface area, and an inherent
ability to optimize the voltage magnitude per cell. In combination with capacitive amperage
limiting, also known as a clipping circuit, the amount of voltage and current, per cell,is
completely customizable. The series cell parallel plate electrolyzer can specify the amount of
energy consumed, and allows for overwhelmingly superior power management, thus leading
to an increase in efficiency.

Aquergy Product line overview:

Model

Applications

Output Water

Maximum Input

ml/hour Input

Voltage

Wattage
Jalyantra 50 2 wheelers 80 cc to 150 cc

40 Lts

24

120

12 V AC
to

24

AC
Jalyantra

4 Wheeler Cars

300 Lts

177

1656

13.8 V AC
Regulated

300C
Jalyantra

4 Wheelers Light and 300 Lts

300H

Heavy

Jalyantra

Acrylic

250

jewellery, small welding,

to 220 V

small gensets upto 3.5

AC

polishing, 250 Lts

177

2400

24 V AC

148

1650

110 V AC

kva, Heavy Vehicles, Boat

Engines
Jalyantra

Jewellery,

1000

welding,

medium 900 Lts

small

530

3300

220 V AC,

gensets

if 110 V

upto 10 kva, small ship

then centre

and tug boat engines, Air

tapping

conditioners

and

refrigerators
Jalyantra

Above 10 kva to 50 kva 2700 Lts

2500

genset

use

systems,

big

machines

with

ship

engines,

incinerators

multiple
welding
plotter,
furnaces,

1589

3300

per 220 V AC

phase

from

phase four
wire
system

Jalyantra

above 50 kva genset (use 5400 Lts

5000

multiple systems), big ship

3177

3300

per 440 V AC

phase

from

engines of 6 cylinders,

phase four

furnaces,

wire

incinerators,

boilers

system

Applications of Models: Overview

Applications

Models

Two Wheelers

Jalyantra 50

Cars

Jalyantra 300C

Heavy Vehicles

Jalyantra 300H

Acrylic Polishing

Jalyantra 250

Jewellery

Jalyantra 250, Jalyantra 1000

Small Cutting and Welding

Jalyantra 250

Medium Cutting and Welding

Jalyantra 1000

Medium Cutting and Welding

Jalyantra 1000

Large Cutting and Welding

Jalyantra 1000

Gensets upto 3.5 KVA

Jalyantra 250

Gensets upto 10 KVA

Jalynatra 1000

Gensets from 10 KVA to 50 KVA

Jalyantra 2500

Gensets above 50 KVA

Jalyantra 5000

Small Boat Engines

Jalyantra 250

Medium Boat Engines

Jalyantra 1000

Large Ship Engines

Jalyantra 250

Jewellery

Jalyantra 2500, Jalyantra 5000

Incinerators

Jalyantra 2500, Jalyantra 5000

Boilers

Jalyantra 5000

Conclusion
Hydroelectricity is a renewable, non-polluting energy. It does not cause any greenhouse gas
emissions or produce any toxic waste. It currently represents almost 20% of global electrical
capacity and has development potential of 3 times its current level. While the investment
required and the human and environmental impact weigh heavily on large dam-building
projects, the future seems promising for small hydro.
Hydropower has low operating and maintenance costs. Its life cycle is extremely long; and it
is highly reliable in operational terms because it is a tried and tested technology.
In the future, smaller scale, more environmentally friendly ways of using hydropower may be
developed. These include small hydro projects which use natural river currents and
waterwheels to produce energy, or tidal and wave energy. In this case, the focus is on using
water's natural cycle rather than changing it to produce energy. The techniques used are less
invasive, therefore more environmentally friendly.
Hence such MSME's who work on generating energy such as AQUERGY firm should be
given more opportunities to come up in the future period so as to use various alternative
energy sources from water.