Non-linear analyses using LS-DYNA implicit

Anders Jonsson, anders.jonsson@dynamore.se

LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Overview

Introduction
Some hints on setting up a non-linear analysis in LS-DYNA
Troubleshooting convergence problems
Outlook

LS-DYNA Non-linear implicit

2013-09-26

LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Goal

What is the objective of the LS-DYNA non-linear implicit
development?
To provide a complete implicit solver, fully comparable to any
other implicit code when it comes to functionality, robustness and
performance.
Full integration in the LS-DYNA code, making it easy to take
advantage also of the well-established explicit solvers features.
Make it easier to share models between disciplines, for example
crash and fatigue or NVH.

LS-DYNA Non-linear implicit

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit What is it

What LS-DYNA non-linear implicit is and isnt
Always large deformation geometry
Always finite-sliding contacts

LS-DYNA Non-linear implicit

2013-09-26

LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit What is it

What LS-DYNA non-linear implicit is and isnt
Always large deformation geometry
Always finite-sliding contacts

LS-DYNA Non-linear implicit

2013-09-26

LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit What is it?

What is LS-DYNA non-linear implicit?
Always large deformation geometry
Main LS-DYNA
Always finite-sliding contacts
advantages
Highly scalable in mpp
Developed in parallel with the explicit code. Access to most
material models and elements. One code philosophy.
Timing study of gearbox housing, 700k elements

Speed-up factor

Ideal

LS-DYNA

Number of cores
LS-DYNA Non-linear implicit

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Sources of non-linearity

What makes an FE-analysis non-linear?

Large deformations
Material non-linearity (plasticity)
Contacts

What makes a LS-DYNA implicit analysis non-linear?

*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_SOLUTION

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Analysis set-up

LS-DYNA basic philosophy applies
CONTROL-card driven
Everything up-front feeling

LS-DYNA Non-linear implicit

2013-09-26

LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Analysis set-up

LS-DYNA basic philosophy applies

CONTROL-card driven
Everything up-front feeling
CONTROL_IMPLICIT_SOLUTION
nsolvr=12 recommended.
dctol, ectol relative convergence limits for displacement and
energy norm
Set abstol=1e-20 to prevent premature convergence.
maxref, maxiter. Set maxiter=1 to get full Newton iterations.
d3itctl, activate to get d3iter database, where each iteration is
stored, makes it possible to visualize the deformation of the
unconverged solution.
arcctl, arcmth controls the Arc-length solver.
lsmtd different line search methods, use 2 or 5. Method 5 is
recommended for large deformation of solids, for example rubber
LS-DYNA Non-linear implicit

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Analysis set-up

LS-DYNA basic philosophy applies
CONTROL-card driven
CONTROL_IMPLICIT_AUTO, for automatic time stepping. Highly
recommended!

dtmax < 0 load curve (ti, dtmax,i) for varying max step length.
Each time ti is reached exactly. Useful for synchronization of
solution and loading.

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Analysis set-up

CONTROL_IMPLICIT_DYNAMICS, for initially non-static problems,
for example bolt pre-tensioning.

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Analysis set-up

CONTROL_IMPLICIT_DYNAMICS, for initially non-static problems,
for example bolt-pre-tensioning. May also be used for turning off
strain rate effect on ALL materials using irate=1.

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Contacts

It is strongly recommended to check that the model is
penetration free! Use the contact checker of LS-PrePost,
ANSA or Primer.
CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE also works for
implicit, including the segment-based option soft=2.
Be aware of that sticky contact is active (igap=1) by
default. If possible (for convergence reasons), it is
recommended to set igap=2 to turn it off.
For surface-to-surface contacts, it is strongly
recommended to use
CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE_MORTAR.
No sticky contact!
Use the softer part as slave.
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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Contacts

MORTAR Contact, edge-to-edge contact

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Contacts

MORTAR Contact, edge-to-edge contact

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Materials

For performance reasons, MAT_24 only uses one radial
return iteration. This is OK for explicit, but if a large step
is taken in implicit and the hardening curve is too
curved, significant inaccuracy may result.

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Materials

For performance reasons, MAT_24 only uses one radial
return iteration. This is OK for explicit, but if a large step
is taken in implicit and the hardening curve is too
curved, significant inaccuracy may result.
Use for example MAT_103 instead.

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Materials

MAT_ELASTIC is not well suited for large strains. May
cause instabilities.
Use MAT_77 for rubber materials.
Use MAT_02 for ideally elastic material subjected to large
strains.
MAT_SPOTWELD may cause problems in implicit. If so, use
for example MAT_3 instead.
Some materials such as MAT_224 and
MAT_ARUP_ADHESIVE are not yet supported in implicit.
Turn off strain rate effects by setting irate=1 on
CONTROL_IMPLICIT_DYNAMICS.

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Elements

Use elform 16 for shell elements.
2nd order shells (elform 23, 24) now works well. Also with
automatic sorting.
For 1st order solids, elform -1 performs very well for large
deformations.
2nd order tets (elform 16, 17) also works well (Remember
tet10=1 on *CONTROL_OUTPUT). Elform 17 recommended
for contact problems, but 16 also works with Mortarcontact.

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Troubleshooting

So, you have convergence problems?

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Troubleshooting

So, you have convergence problems?
Activate d3iter output. Deformation of unconverged
states may give some hints.
The residual may be visualized in the d3iter and d3plotfiles by setting resplt=1 on *DATABASE_EXTENT_BINARY.
Looking at a fringe plot of the residual may help in
identifying the part of the model that is causing the
problem.
Additional contact output from MORTAR-contacts is
available by setting minfo=1 on CONTROL_OUTPUT.
Is there any (unintentionally) lose parts in the model? Do
an eigenvalue analysis to check for unexpected rigid body
modes. For model assembly by bolt pre-tensioning,
CONTROL_IMPLICIT_DYNAMICS is very effective.
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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Troubleshooting

Contacts: Check for initial penetrations in the model!
De-activate failure models.
Turn off strain rate effects by setting irate=1 on
CONTROL_IMPLICIT_DYNAMICS.
Contact problems can be identified by switching to tied
contacts.
Perhaps there is a physical explanation? For example, if
the load carrying capacity of the structure is exceeded.
For these cases, use the arc length-method (arcmth=3 on
*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_SOLUTION) or switch to loading by
prescribed displacement.

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Troubleshooting

Buckling example

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Troubleshooting

Buckling example force control 200 kN

Error termination!

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Troubleshooting

Buckling example displacement control

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit Troubleshooting

Buckling example arc length method

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LS-DYNA Non-linear Implicit - Outlook

LS-DYNA basic philosophy applies
CONTROL-card driven
Everything up-front feeling
may seem cumbersome to new users

A Users guide / How-to for different types of implicit

analyses, with recommended control card settings
supplied as include files, is under development.
Hopefully, this will result in a more user-friendly
packaging of the LS-DYNA Implicit options.

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N o r m a l

t e r m i n a t i o n

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