Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3-1
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
Diagram
NSP
(Nederlandsche
Scheepsbouw
Proefstasioen)
Dalam menggunakan metode NSP ini hal yang pertama dilakukan
adalah menghitung nilai Speed Constant :
Vs/L,
Dimana:
Vs = V servis [knot]
L = L displ [ feet ]
Dari nilai speed constant dapat ditentukan prosentase luas dari tiap station
terhadap luas midship (Am) dan letak titik tekan keatas (LCB) sebagai
prosentase dari panjang Ldisp
Bila hanya Lpp yang diketahui maka Lwl = Lpp + ..% Lpp , atau panjang Lwl
ditentukan.
Luas midship :
Am
= B x T x [m2]
diperoleh dari diagram NSP (diperiksa: = / )
Letak titik tekan keatas (LCB) diperoleh dengan pertolongan garis lengkung
b, sebagai prosentase dari panjang Ldisp dan diukur dari tengah panjang
Ldisp (disp).
Titik tekan keatas pada lengkung b memberikan bentuk kapal dengan
hambatan yang kecil dan propulsive coefficient yang baik. Jika diperlukan
pergeseran LCB memanjang maka lengkung a dan c merupakan batas yang
diperbolehkan.
3-2
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
3-1
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
udian
Pembacaan
grafik
(% station)
A midship
(m2)
% Station x
A midship
(m2)
% Station x
A midship
(m2)
(skala)
0
1
2
3
dst
.
..
...
18
19
20
3-1
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
Station x A midship]/7)
B) Metode Hamlin
Menentukan Harga CPA dan CPF
Coefficient Prismatic Aft (CPA) dan Coefficient Prismatik Fore (CPF) bisa
ditentukan dengan memplot harga LCB dan harga CP pada diagram hamlin.
3-2
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
3-3
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
10)Dengan menggunakan axis Lpp pada tiap station tersebut kita tarik
garis keatas memotong kurva CSA , maka perpotongan tadi kita ukur
nilai luasan yang yang baru untuk tiap stationnya.
Karena terjadi penambahan, maka CSA Perpendicular atau CSA
perlu dilakukan koreksi terhadap volume dan letak LCB nya.
3-4
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
A
Station
baru
-2
-1
AP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
FP
Faktor
Simpson
(FS)
0,4
1,6
1,4
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
1
A
Station.FS
Faktor
Momen
(FM)
-10,8
-10,4
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
Station.
FS.FM
Jarak Station
h
= Lpp / 20 (meter)
Volume Simpson
3-5
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
Vsimp
= 1 h (meter3)
LCB Simpson
LCBsimp = (2 / 1) h
Koreksi Volume
Vol
Koreksi LCB
LCB
TRANSFORMASI CSA
3-6
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
=
=
4 - 1Prohaska :
b
3-7
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
Lpp
: 119.8 m
: 19.2 m
: 11.3 m
: 8.4 m
Cb(pp)
: 0.69
Type
: Semi Container
Metode
: NSP
Dari ukuran utama kapal tersebut diatas dapat dihitung komponen-komponen yang lain
yang dipakai dalam penggambaran rencana garis kapal :
= (1 + 4%) Lpp
= (1 + 4%) 119.8
= 124.592 meter
terjadi karena adanya perpindahan fluida akibat tercelupnya badan kapal, L disp
dipakai untuk menghitung besar luasan luasan bagian yang tercelup air, pada
saat dibagi menjadi dua puluh station.
Ldisp dapat diartikan juga sebagai panjang rata-rata antara Lwl dan Lpp, atau bisa
diformulasikan sebagai berikut:
Ldisp
= (Lwl + Lpp)
= (124.592 + 119.8)
= 122.196 meter
3-8
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
Vdisp
= 0.16T
= 0.16 x 8.4
= 1.344 meter
= B T 2(R R )
2
Lebar (B)
Sarat (T)
A midship
R
3-9
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
dirumuskan sebagai harga pendekatan terhadap koefisien block
displacement, sebesar:
= Amidship / (B T)
= 160.503 / (19.2 x 8.4)
= 0.995
= Vdisp / (Ldisp B T)
= 13331.727 / (122.196 x 19.2 x 8.4)
= 0.676
= pp / (Lpp / Lwl)
= 0.69 / (119.8 x 124.592)
= 0.663
= disp /
= 0.676 / 0.995
= 0.680
= e Ldisp
= 0,350% x 122.196
= 0,428 m ........................(di depan Midship Displacement)
3 - 10
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
2.8.2 LCB Perpendicular (LCBpp)
LCBpp
Mengacu pada
dengan luasan midship dari kapal , maka diperoleh luasan kapal pada tiap stationnya (
tabel 1 ).
% A Station
A Station
Skala 1:100
A Station
Skala 1:250
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
16.050
6.420
27.307
43.829
17.531
48.077
77.165
30.866
67.307
108.030
43.212
81.923
131.489
52.596
91.154
146.305
58.522
96.923
155.565
62.226
98.846
158.651
63.460
100.000
160.503
64.201
10
100.000
160.503
64.201
11
100.000
160.503
64.201
12
100.000
160.503
64.201
13
97.692
156.799
62.720
14
93.461
150.008
60.003
15
83.704
134.348
53.739
16
70.000
112.352
44.941
17
50.741
81.441
32.576
18
30.000
48.151
19.260
19
10.741
17.240
6.896
20
0.000
0.000
0.000
Setelah kita mendapatkan luasan midship pada tipa stationnya ( dalam tabel 1 ),
maka selanjutnya kita bisa memulai menggambar CSA
Langkah langkah penggambaran CSA:
3 - 11
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
3) Pada setiap titik ordinat Ldisp yang telah dibuat ( 0 20 ), kita tarik garis vertikal (
tegak lurus dengan garis horizontal ) dengan panjang sesuai perhitungan A station
( 1 ; 250 ) (lihat tabel 1)
5) Tentukan Midship kapal dengan dengan membagi Ldisp tadi menjadi 2 bagian
yang sama panjang ( pada station 10 ).
6) Dari titik tersebut (station 10 dari Ldisp), dibuat garis tegak lurus dengan Ldisp
kebawah ( jangan terlalu panjang , hanya sebagai garis bantu ),
7) Dari tersebut dibuta garis dibawah Ldisp ( sejajar dengan Ldisp ) dengan ukuran
Lwl kekiri dan Lwl kekanan pada arah horizontal.
i. Ujung kanan dari garis Lwl merupakan Fore Perpendicular (FP) dari
kapal., FP ini dipakai sebagai acuan dalam pembuatan garis Lpp.
ii. Buat garis Lpp yang dimulai dari titik Fp tadi yang ditarik garis bantu
kebawah, lalu kita gambarkan garis horizontal kekiri sepanjang Lpp
8) Setelah Kita menggambar Lpp, kita bagi Lpp menjadi 20 bagian / station dan
pada station 0 (bagian paling kiri )merupakan After Perpendicular (AP) dan pada
stataion 10 merupakan midship kapal yang sesungguhnya.
9) Antara Ldisp dan Lwl pada gambar kita lihat ada perbedaan panjang ( Lwl > L disp
), maka grafik CSA kita fairkan sesuai panjang Lwl.
10) Dengan menggunakan axis Lpp pada tiap station tersebut kita tarik garis keatas
memotong kurva CSA , maka perpotongan tadi kita ukur , maka diperoleh CSA
Perpendicular atau CSA.
a. Karena terjadi penambahan, maka CSA Perpendicular atau CSA perlu
dilakukan koreksi terhadap volume dan letak LCB nya.
Koreksi Volume dan LCB
Station
A Station
Faktor
Simpson (FS)
A Station.FS
-2
0.000
0.4
0.000
Faktor
Momen
(FM)
-10.8
A Station.
FS.FM
0.000
-1
4.585
1.6
7.336
-10.4
-76.294
AP
9.595
1.4
13.433
-10
-134.330
29.588
118.350
-9
-1065.150
62.373
124.745
-8
-997.960
94.078
376.310
-7
-2634.170
121.263
242.525
-6
-1455.150
139.508
558.030
-5
-2790.150
151.525
303.050
-4
-1212.200
157.385
629.540
-3
-1888.620
3 - 12
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
159.590
319.180
-2
-638.360
160.503
642.012
-1
-642.012
10
160.503
321.006
0.000
11
160.503
642.012
642.012
12
159.615
319.230
638.460
13
155.010
620.040
1860.120
14
146.245
292.490
1169.960
15
128.420
513.680
2568.400
16
104.760
209.520
1257.120
17
73.158
292.630
2048.410
18
39.343
78.685
629.480
19
13.340
53.360
480.240
FP
0.000
0.000
10
0.000
6677.164
-2240.194
Jarak Station
h
= Lpp / 20
= 119.8 / 20
= 5.99 meter
Volume Simpson
Vsimp
= 1 h
= x 6677.164 x 5.99
= 13332.071 meter
LCB Simpson
LCBsimp = (2 / 1) h
= (-2240.194 / 6677.164) x 5.99
= -2.010 meter
Koreksi Volume
Vol
Koreksi LCB
LCB = [(LCBsimp LCBpp) / Lpp] x 100%
= [(-2.010 (-1.968)) / 119.8] x 100%
= 0.03450% 0.1 %
3 - 13
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
METODE HAMLIN
Diketahui sebuah kapal dengan ukuran sebagai berikut:
Tipe kapal
: General Cargo
Lpp
: 94.5 m
: 17 m
: 7.2 m
: 9.1 m
: 14 kn = 7,2016 m/s
Lwl
= kecepatan (m/s)
= gravitasi ( m / s 2 )
Lpp
= jarak AP - FP (m)
g .Lpp
7,2016
10 .94 ,5
= 0,234
0,14 L / B 20
Fn
26
0,14 94 ,5 / 17 20
=
= 0,588
0,234
26
= Lpp (m)
= Lebar (m)
Fn
= Angka Froude
Cb = Coefisien Block
0,588
Cb
=
= 0,613
Cm 0,9588
Cb = Coefisien Block
L = Lpp (m)
3 - 14
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
= - 0,286
Dari harga CP dan LCB tersebut kemudian diplotkan ke dalam grafik Hamlin
berikut ini :
(Lcb/Lpp)*100%
untuk Lcb yang bernilai negatif
Dari perpotongan garis LCB dengan Cp, kemudian ditarik garis sejajar dengan
kurva sebelah kiri (CPA) dan sebelah kanan (CPF).
Di dapat :
Cp After = 0,62 (untuk garis biru muda)
Cp Fore = 0,60 (untuk garis hijau)
3 - 15
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
Cp after = 0,62
Cp Fore = 0,60
Setelah ditarik untuk tiap tiap station sampai diujung kiri atau kanan
ada angka angka yang menunjukkan prosentase Luas terhadap Luas
Midship, kemudian dimasukkan ke tabel Prosentase Luas Terhadap
Luas Midship untuk acuan awal mencari Luas Luas Tiap Station,
yaitu dengan mengalikan Prosentase Luas terhadap Luas Midship dengan
Luas Midship.
3 - 16
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
Luas
Luas
Faktor
Luas ST*FS
Lengan
Produk 2 =
Terhadap Luas
Midship
0,00
0,01
0,03
0,08
0,14
0,21
0,28
0,43
0,58
0,73
0,86
0,96
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
0,96
0,85
0,71
0,57
0,41
0,26
0,19
0,12
0,06
0,00
Midship (m2)
Station (m2)
Simpson
Produk 1
Moment
Produk 1 * LM
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
0
1,52
3,84
9,130
16,060
24,220
32,660
50,850
68,400
85,280
100,570
112,560
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
117,357
112,360
99,480
83,811
66,640
48,470
30,950
22,640
14,640
6,910
0
0,25
1
0,75
2
1
2
1,5
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
1,5
2
1
2
0,5
0,000
1,520
2,880
18,260
16,060
48,440
48,990
203,400
136,800
341,120
201,140
450,240
234,714
469,428
234,714
469,428
234,714
449,440
198,960
335,244
133,280
193,880
46,425
45,280
14,640
13,820
0,000
-10,5
-10,25
-10
-9,5
-9
-8,5
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8,5
9
9,5
10
0,000
-15,580
-28,800
-173,470
-144,540
-411,740
-391,920
-1423,800
-820,800
-1705,600
-804,560
-1350,720
-469,428
-469,428
0,000
469,428
469,428
1348,320
795,840
1676,220
799,680
1357,160
371,400
384,880
131,760
131,290
0,000
= 4542,817
II
= -274,980
3 - 17
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
KOREKSI DISPLASEMEN
Volume displasemen pada tabel
V
1
xhx
3
1
x 4,725 x 4542,817
3
= 7154,936775 m 3
Volume displasemen teori (Vwl)
= Lwl * B * T * Cb WL
Lpp Cb PP
Lwl Cb WL
Cb WL =
Lwl * Cb PP
Lpp
96 ,86 * 0,588
= 0,603
94 ,25
Vwl = Lwl * B * T * Cb WL
= 96,86 * 17*7,2*0,603
= 7145,224271 m 3
Besarnya koreksi =
Volume displaseme n dari CSA L wl * B * T * Cb wl
* 100% 0.5%
L wl * B * T * Cb wl
3 - 18
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
II
* jarak station
274 ,98
* 4,725 = -0,2860 m
4542 ,817
0,286 (0,286)
3 - 19
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
1.3. Rangkuman
1) CSA ( Curve of Sectional Area) merupakan kurva yang menunjukan
luasan kapal tiap tiap station.
2) Metode Pembuatan CSA Bisa Dengan metode NSP Dan
Metode Hamlin.
1.4. Referensi
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
3 - 20
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
: 120,5 meter
: 19,3 meter
: 11,4 meter
: 8,4 meter
Type
: General Cargo
3 - 21
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
3 - 22
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
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3 - 23
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
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3 - 24
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
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3 - 25
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
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3 - 26
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
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3 - 27
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
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3 - 28
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
1.7. Jawaban
Panjang garis air (Length on water line) (Lwl)
Lwl = (1 + 4 %)Lpp
= (0,04)125,1
= 125,320 meter
Panjang Displacement (Length of Displacement) (L.disp.)
1
2
Ldisp.=
=
1
2
(Lwl + Lpp)
(125,320 + 120,500)
= 122,910 meter
Volume Displacement (V Disp)
Vdisp = Lpp x B x T Cb( )pp
= 120,500 x 19,30 x 8,40 x 0,69
= 13479,467 m3
Menentukan radius bilga
R = 0.16 x T
= 0.16 x 8,40
= 1,344 meter
Luasan Midship (MidShip section Area)(AM)
AMidship= B T 2 ( R2 1/4 R2 )
= 19,30 x 8,40 2 ( 1,344 )2 1/4 x 3,14 x ( 1,344 )2
= 161,343 m2
Koefisien Midship (MidShip Coeficient)(Cm( ).)
Cm( ) = AMidship / B T
= 161,343 / (19,30 x 8,40
= 0.995
Koefisien Block (Block Coeficient) (Cb( ))
Koefisien blok displacement (CbDisp.)
Cb( ) Disp VDisp
/ ( L Disp B. T )
3 - 29
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
Cp( ) Cb Disp / Cm
= 0.676 / 0,995
= 0.680
Langkah-langkah membuat Curve of Sectional Area (CSA)
Station % A Station
A Station
0.000
0.000
10.000
16.134
27.307
44.058
48.077
77.569
67.307
108.595
81.923
132.177
91.154
147.071
96.923
156.379
98.846
159.481
3 - 30
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
100.000
161.343
10
100.000
161.343
11
100.000
161.343
12
100.000
161.343
13
97.692
157.619
14
93.461
150.793
15
83.704
135.051
16
70.000
112.940
17
50.741
81.867
18
30.000
48.403
19
10.741
17.330
20
0.000
0.000
FS
A Station.FS
-2
0.000
0.4
0.000
-1
4.030
1.6
6.448
AP
9.073
1.4
12.702
-10
-127.015
30.175
120.700
-9
-1086.300
62.545
125.090
-8
-1000.720
94.613
378.450
-7
-2649.150
FM
10.8
10.4
A Station.FS.FM
0.000
-67.059
3 - 31
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
121.890
243.780
-6
-1462.680
140.228
560.910
-5
-2804.550
152.173
304.345
-4
-1217.380
158.223
632.890
-3
-1898.670
160.413
320.825
-2
-641.650
161.343
645.370
-1
-645.370
10
161.343
322.685
0.000
11
161.343
645.370
645.370
12
160.435
320.870
641.740
13
155.835
623.340
1870.020
14
146.975
293.950
1175.800
15
129.095
516.380
2581.900
16
105.325
210.650
1263.900
17
73.463
293.850
2056.950
18
39.880
79.760
638.080
19
13.018
52.070
468.630
FP
0.000
0.000
0.000
6710,435
-2258,154
Lpp 120,5
6,025m
20
h = 20
Volume Simpson
VSimp.
1
3
1 h
1
3
= 13476,789 m3
LCB Simpson
LCB Simp.
2
1
= -2,027 m
Koreksi-koreksi :
3 - 32
MODUL 3
CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)
Volume
Vsimp - VDisp
13476,789 13479,467
100%
100%
VDisp
13479
,
467
=
0,0199 %
sarat untuk koreksi yang diijinkan adalah : 0,5%
LCB
LCBSimp
LCB. NSP
Lpp
100%
-2,027 (1,937)
100%
120,5
0,0749 %
Sarat koreksi yang diijinkan untuk LCB adalah : 0,1%
3 - 33