Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TCP/IP
Introducing TCP/IP
07/09/2011
Objectives
Explain the function of TCP/IP suite
Agenda
07/09/2011
UNIVERSIT Y
07/09/2011
http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/full_size_images/1969_4node_map.gif
07/09/2011
Evolution of TCP/IP
The original Host-to-Host protocol was the
Network Control Protocol (NCP)
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) soon replaced NCP
TCP/IP Protocol Suite is also called the Internet
Protocol Suite
What is an RFC?
Request for Comments
A memorandum published by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Describes methods, behaviors, research, or
innovations related to the Internet
The IETF adopts some of the proposals
published as RFCs as Internet standards
www.ietf.org
07/09/2011
Hardware and
Software
manufacturer
independent
Provide
reliable
end-to-end
service
even with
high error
rates
Be efficient
and have a
low data
overhead
Allow the
addition of
new
networks
without
service
disruptions
Internet Protocol
Application
Presentation
Application
Session
Transport
Transport
Network
Internet
Data Link
Link or Network
Access
Physical
07/09/2011
Transport
Layer
Internet
Layer
Link Layer
Cisco
Kurose &
Forouzan
Comer &
Kozierok
Stallings
Four layers
Four layers
Four layers
Five layers
Five layers
Five layers
Application
Application
Application
Application
Application
Application
Transport
Transport
Transport
Transport
Transport
Internet
Internet
Internetwork Network
Link
Host-tonetwork
Network
interface
Data link
Physical
Internet
Data link
(Network
interface)
(Hardware)
Host-to-host
or transport
Internet
Network
access
Physical
07/09/2011
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Link Layer
07/09/2011
Transport
Layer
Internet
Layer
Link Layer
Fragmentation, if required
07/09/2011
Transport
Layer
Internet
Layer
Link Layer
10
07/09/2011
TCP
UDP
Other Protocols, DCCP, SCTP,
RSVP, etc.
Connection oriented
Reliable
Error recovery
Flow control
11
07/09/2011
Connectionless
Unreliable
Transport
Layer
Internet
Layer
Link Layer
12
07/09/2011
Summary
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) - http://www.ietf.org/
13
07/09/2011
Objectives
Explain the function of common TCP/IP
Internet Layer protocols
14
07/09/2011
Agenda
Application
Transport
Internet
Link or Network
Access
15
07/09/2011
The IP Header
Allows the
receiving device
to determine
which protocol
to hand-off to
16
07/09/2011
IP Address
255.255.255.0
Subnet Mask
Network
192.168.80.0
Host
134
17
07/09/2011
11.1
12.1
10.8
12.5
12.10
10.1
11.8
10.5
11.1
12.1
10.8
12.5
10.1
12.10
Network
Host
10
10
10
11
11
11
12
12
12
10
18
07/09/2011
BREAK
Huston
Sender
Cannot
Deliver
Packet!
19
07/09/2011
Destination unreachable
Announces network congestion
Source Quench
Assists in troubleshooting
Echo request and Echo reply
Announces timeouts
Time to Live exceeded
40
20
07/09/2011
D:\>ping 192.110.1.40
Pinging 192.110.1.40 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.110.1.40: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=64
21
07/09/2011
ICMP Types
Type Name
Type Name
0 Echo Reply
1 Unassigned
2 Unassigned
3 Destination Unreachable
4 Source Quench
5 Redirect
6 Alternate Host Address
7 Unassigned
8 Echo
9 Router Advertisement
10 Router Selection
11 Time Exceeded
12 Parameter Problem
13 Timestamp
14 Timestamp Reply
15 Information Request
16 Information Reply
22
07/09/2011
172.20.10.10
BROADCAST ARP
This is my MAC for
172.20.10.10
00-18-8B-5B-C1-92
BROADCAST RARP
Here is my MAC 00-18-8B5B-C1-92
I need an IP Address
Lookup IP Address
for 00-18-8B-5BC1-92
BROADCAST RARP
00-18-8B-5B-C1-92
Use IP Address
10.11.12.13
23
07/09/2011
Review
24
07/09/2011
Network+2009
25
07/09/2011
Agenda
UDP
TCP
Transport
Internet
Flow control
Link or Network
Access
Multiplexing
26
07/09/2011
Connectionless
Unreliable
27
07/09/2011
28
07/09/2011
Connection oriented
Reliable
Error recovery
Flow control
29
07/09/2011
Flag
NS
Meaning
Nonce Sum
CWR
Congestion Window
Reduced
ECE
ECN-Echo
URG
Urgent Pointer
ACK
Acknowledge
PSH
Push function
RST
Reset
SYN
Synchronize
sequence numbers
FIN
30
07/09/2011
16 bits
0 through
65535
Registered
Ports
Dynamic and/or
Private Ports
0
to
1023
1024
to
49151
49152
to
65535
31
07/09/2011
Client
Application
Source Port:
Choose free port
1024 - 65535
Destination Port:
Use server Service Port
0 - 65535
Web
Server
Reply
SourceP: 80
DestinationP: 1234
32
07/09/2011
33
07/09/2011
Destination
Port
Socket
Source IP
Address
Destination
IP Address
Destination Port:
23
From
Client
Source Addr.:
192.168.20.30
Destination Addr.:
10.10.10.10
Destination Port:
5678
Source Port:
23
From
Server
Destination Addr.:
192.168.20.30
Source Addr.:
10.10.10.10
34
07/09/2011
MULTIPLEXING CONNECTIONS
SP
5608
DP
80
SA
DA
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
Client Socket
SP
80
DP
5608
SA
DA
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
Server Socket
35
07/09/2011
SP
DP
SA
DA
SP
DP
5608
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
5609
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
SA
DA
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
5609
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
Client Socket
Server Socket
SP
DP
SA
DA
SP
DP
SA
DA
5608
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
5609
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
5609
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
5610
23
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
23
5610
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
36
07/09/2011
SP
DP
10.20.20.20
SA
DA
SP
SA
DA
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
80
5609
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
23
5610
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
80
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.20
5608
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
5609
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
5610
23
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.20
SP
5608
DP
80
DP
SA
DA
10.10.10.20
10.20.20.20
SP
DP
10.20.20.20
SA
DA
5608
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
5609
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
5610
23
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.20
SP
5608
DP
80
SP
DP
SA
DA
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
80
5609
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
23
5610
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
80
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.20
SA
DA
10.10.10.20
10.20.20.20
37
07/09/2011
Review
Review
TCP
UDP
DNS 53
HTTP 80
HTTPS
443
DNS 53
TFTP 69
FTP 20, 21
SSH 22
TELNET
23
DHCP 67
SNMP
161
SMTP 25
POP3 110
IMAP4
143
NTP 123
38
07/09/2011
39
07/09/2011
We will cover
HTTP(S)
TLS/SSL
FTP
TFTP
Telnet
SSH - Secure Shell
SMTP
POP3
IMAP4
DNS
DHCP
NTP
SNMP1/2/3
SIP
RTP
RTCP
LDAP
Application
Transport
Internet
Link or Network
Access
40
07/09/2011
Provides an
interface to the
user applications
Interfaces also
with the
Transport Layer
Minicomputer
41
07/09/2011
Example:- HTTP
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Computing Science, University of Glasgow</TITLE>
...remainder of page omited...
Minicomputer
42
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Minicomputer
Minicomputer
43
07/09/2011
Minicomputer
Email
Server
SMTP
SMTP
Minicomputer
Email
Server
SMTP example
S:
C:
S:
C:
S:
C:
S:
C:
S:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
S:
C:
S:
44
07/09/2011
Minicomputer
Email
Server
SMTP
SMTP
POP3
Minicomputer
Email
Server
45
07/09/2011
46
07/09/2011
Telnet Login
47
07/09/2011
Server
Client
48
07/09/2011
Phone
A
Phone
B
49
07/09/2011
RTCP is optional
50
07/09/2011
DNS Domain
Name System
51
07/09/2011
.
.org
.com
unicef.org
google.com
.edu
mit.edu
cisco.com.
.au
msu.edu
gov.au
com.au
go.cisco.com.
DHCP
Server
Client
DHCP DISCOVER
DHCP OFFER
DHCP REQUEST
DHCP ACKNOWLEDGE
52
07/09/2011
53
07/09/2011
Stratum 2
Sync with
Stratum 1
Stratum 0
Very Accurate Time
Atomic Clock
NTP
Client
Syncs with
Stratum 2
54
07/09/2011
LDAP
Directory Server
55
07/09/2011
Review
Common Application
Layer protocols
HTTP(S)
TLS/SSL
FTP
TFTP
Telnet
SSH - Secure Shell
SMTP
POP3
IMAP4
DNS
DHCP
NTP
SNMP1/2/3
SIP
RTP
RTCP
LDAP
56