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For the band, see Pulley (band). For the village, see In the diagram on the right the mechanical advantage of
Pulley, Shropshire. For the American photographer, see each of the block and tackle assemblies[5] shown is as folGerald P. Pulley.
lows:
A pulley is a wheel on an axle that is designed to support
movement and change of direction of a cable or belt along
its circumference.[1] Pulleys are used in a variety of ways
to lift loads, apply forces, and to transmit power. In nautical contexts, the assembly of wheel, axle, and supporting
shell is referred to as a block.
Gun Tackle: 2
Threefold purchase: 6
Lu Tackle: 3
Double Tackle: 4
Gyn Tackle: 5
A set of pulleys assembled so that they rotate independently on the same axle form a block. Two blocks with a
Pulley in oil derrick
rope attached to one of the blocks and threaded through
the two sets of pulleys form a block and tackle.[6][7]
A rope and pulley system -- that is, a block and tackle A block and tackle is assembled so one block is attached - is characterised by the use of a single continuous rope
to xed mounting point and the other is attached to the to transmit a tension force around one or more pulleys
moving load. The mechanical advantage of the block and to lift or move a loadthe rope may be a light line or a
tackle is equal to the number of parts of the rope that strong cable. This system is included in the list of simple
machines identied by Renaissance scientists.[8][9]
support the moving block.
1
Fixed: A xed pulley has an axle mounted in bearings attached to a supporting structure. A xed pulley changes the direction of the force on a rope or
belt that moves along its circumference. Mechanical advantage is gained by combining a xed pulley
with a movable pulley or another xed pulley of a
dierent diameter.
Movable: A movable pulley has an axle in a movable block. A single movable pulley is supported by
two parts of the same rope and has a mechanical advantage of two.
Compound: A combination of xed and a movable
pulleys forms a block and tackle. A block and tackle
can have several pulleys mounted on the xed and
moving axles, further increasing the mechanical advantage.
Diagram 3: The gun tackle rove to advantage has
the rope attached to the moving pulley. The tension
in the rope is W/3 yielding an advantage of three.
Diagram 3a: The Lu tackle adds a xed pulley
rove to disadvantage. The tension in the rope remains W/3 yielding an advantage of three.
3
W which means the tension in the rope is W/3. Thus, the
mechanical advantage is three.
By adding a pulley to the xed block of a gun tackle the
direction of the pulling force is reversed though the mechanical advantage remains the same, Diagram 3a. This
is an example of the Lu tackle.
2.2
The mechanical advantage of a pulley system can be analyzed using free body diagrams which balance the tension
force in the rope with the force of gravity on the load. In
an ideal system, the massless and frictionless pulleys do
not dissipate energy and allow for a change of direction of
a rope that does not stretch or wear. In this case, a force
balance on a free body that includes the load, W, and n
supporting sections of a rope with tension T, yields:
Belt and pulley system
nT W = 0.
The ratio of the load to the input tension force is the mechanical advantage MA of the pulley system,[11]
MA =
W
= n.
T
EXTERNAL LINKS
(which operate on the same principle, although the names [10] Seamanship Reference, Chapter 5, General Rigging.
sccheadquarters.com.
tend to be applied to at belt versions and V belt versions,
respectively) are a way to provide multiple drive ratios in
[11] Tiner, J. H. Exploring the World of Physics: From Simple
a belt-and-pulley system that can be shifted as needed,
Machines to Nuclear Energy. Master Books (May 1, 2006)
just as a transmission provides this function with a gear
p. 68.
train that can be shifted. V belt step pulleys are the most
common way that drill presses deliver a range of spindle [12] http://woodgears.ca/bandsaw/crowned_pulleys.html
speeds.
See also
Deadeye
Tongue and groove
Dierential pulley
Hoist
Portsmouth Block Mills
Reel
V-belt
References
6 External links
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/
mechanics/v/mechanical-advantage--part-3
7.1
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