ADDITIONAL

MATHEMATICS
MODULE 11

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
CONTENTS

page

6.1 Concept map

.....................2

6.2 Gradient of a straight line

6.2.1 . Axis interceptions
Exercise 1
6.2.2 . Gradient of a straight line that passes
through two points
Exercise 2
6.3
Self assessment 1
6.4
Equation of a straight line
6.4.1. Given the gradient and passing through
point (x1,y1)
6.4.2. Line which passed through two points
6.4.3 Given the gradient and y-intercept
6.5 Self assessment 2
6.4.4. Point of intersection of two lines
6..6 Self assessment 3

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......................3
......................3-4

.......................8
.......................8
.......................9
.......................9-10
.......................11
.......................11

Short test

........................12

Answers

........................13

.......................4
.......................5
.......................5-7
.......................7

CHAPTER 6: COORDINATE GEOMETRY

6.1 : CONCEPT MAP

GRADIENT

TWO POINTS

AXIS INTERCEPTIONS

EQUATIONS OF A
STRAIGHT LINE

GRADIENT FORM

INTERCEPT FORM

GENERAL FORM

INTERSECTIONS OF TWO LINES

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

ELIMINATION
METHOD

SUBSTITUTION
METHOD

6.2.GRADIENT OF A STRAIGHT LINE

6.2.1

AXIS INTERCEPTIONS

Find the x-intercepts,y-intercepts and gradients of the following straight lines PQ.
Example:
GradientPQ

y2 y1
x2 x1

05
5
=
30
3

( x1 , y1 )

P(0,5)
y-intercept=5

Q(3,0)

( x2 , y 2 )
x

x-intercept=3
EXERCISE 1:
1.Find the gradients of the following straight lines.
2
.
-3

yyy

Gradient=.............

2.

-3

x
Gradient =..............................................

3.Find the gradient of a straight line that intercepts the x-axis at 2 and the y-axis at -4
Answer:

4.

x
A
-2
The diagram shows a straight line which has a gradient of . Find the coordinates of point A.
Answer:

6.3.Gradient of a straight line that passes through two points

Gradient =

y 2 y1
x2 x1

Example: Find the gradient of a straight line that passes through points A (2,-4) and B(4,8)
Solution:
Gradient of AB , m

AB

8 ( 4)
42
=6

EXERCISE 2
1. Find the gradient of the straight line joining each of the following pairs of points
(a) (1,3) and (4,9)
Answer:

(b) (-1,2) and (1,8)

Answer:

2. Find the value of h if the straight line joining the points (2h,-3) and (-2,-h + 2) has a
gradient of 2.
Answer:

3.Given P(3a-1,-a), Q(-5,3) and R(1,6) are three points on a straight line. Find the value of a.
Answer:

1.Find the gradients of the following straight lines.

y
(a)

y
y
-3y

(b)

0
x

4
Gradient=.............

Gradient =..........
3

(c)

(d)
4
x

Gradient
Gradient =...............

=..............

2.The diagram shows a straight line which has a gradient of 2. Find the coordinates of point B.

y
Answer...
B

-2

3.A straight line with a gradient of passes through a point (-2,4) and intersects the x-axis and
the y-axis at points A and B respectively. Find the coordinates of points A and B.
Answer:

4.A straight line has a gradient of h/4 and passes through a point (0,4h).
(a) Find the equation of the straight line.
(b) If the straight line passes through point (-4,3),find the value of h.
Answer:
(a)
(b)

5..
Y

B(-1,4)

X
A(1,1)

The figure on the previous page shows a triangle ABC with A(1,1) and B(-1,4). The gradients of
AB, AC and BC are -3m,3m and m respectively.
(i)
Find the value of m
(ii)
Find the coordinates of C
(iii)
Show that AC=2AB
Answer:
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

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6.4 EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE

METHODOLOGY:
6.4.1. GIVEN THE GRADIENT (m) AND PASSING THROUGH POINT ( X 1 , Y1 )
6.4.2 LINE WHICH PASSED THROUGH TWO POINTS ( X 1 , Y1 ) AND ( X 2 , Y2 )
6.4.3 GIVEN THE GRADIENT(m) AND Y-INTERCEPTS(c)
6.4.1GIVEN THE GRADIENT(m) AND PASSING THROUGH POINT ( X 1 , Y1 )
m

(x1,y1)

Y-y1=m(x-x1)

Y=mx + c

Equation in general form

ax+by+c=0

(0,-4)

Y-(-4)=5(x-0)
Y+4 =5x

Y=5x-4

5x-y-4=0

1.

1
3

(3,0)

2.

1
3

(-3,0)

3.

-3

(-1,4)

Examples:

6.4.2 LINE WHICH PASSED THROUGH TWO POINTS ( X 1 , Y1 ) AND ( X 2 , Y2 )

x1

Example

1.

y1

-1

x2

y y1 y 2 y1

x x1 x2 x1

y2

y 3 93

x 1 4 1
y 3 6
2
x 1 3
y-3=2(x-1)
y-3=2x-2

-8

Y=mx+c

Equation in general
form (ax+by+c=0)

Y=2x-2+3
Y=2x+1

2x-y+1=0

2.

-2

-b

4b

3.

3a-1

-a

-5

6.4.3 GIVEN THE GRADIENT(m) AND Y-INTERCEPTS(c)

m

Example:

3
2

y-intercept

-3

Y=

-4

1
2

-6

2
5

-2

Y=Mx+c

x y
1
a b

Ax+by+c=0

3
x3
2

x
y

1
2 3

-3x-2y-6=0

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1.A straight line which passes through the points (2,3) and (5,m) has gradient m. Find the
value of m.
Answer:

2.Find the equation of the straight line which joins the points P(-3,4) and Q (-1,-2).
that the line intersects the y-axis at the point R, find the length of PR
Answer:

Given

3.Given the points A (-1,15), B(2,7) and C (4,10). The point P divides the straight line BC in
the ratio 1:2. Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the points P and A.
Answer:

4.The straight line intersects x-axis and y-axis at point A(3,0) and B(0,20 respectively. Find
(a) the equation of straight line in:
(i) Intercept form
Answer

(ii) Gradient form

Answer
(iii) general form
Answer:

(b) the equation of straight line that passes through the point A and with gradient 2
Answer:

6.4.4 Point of intersection of two lines

example: Find the point of intersection of the straight lines y=-2x + 1 and y =

1
x6
2

Solution: y = -2x + 1
.............(1)
1
y= x6
.............(2)
2
(2) x 4: 4y =2x + 24 ..............(3)
(1) + (3): 5y = 25
y=5
Substitute y =5 into (1)
5 = -2x + 1
2x = -4
x = -2
Therefore the point of intersection is (-2,5)
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1.Two straight lines

y x
1 and ky = -x + 12 intersect the y-axis at the same point. Find the
6 2

value of k
Answer;

2.A straight line passes through a point (5,1) and the x-intercept is 10. If the straight line
intersects the y-axis at point R, find
(a) the equation of the straight line
Answer

(b) the coordinate of point R

Answer

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10

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1. The diagram below shows a straight line CD which meets a straight line AB at
point C. Point D lies on the y-axis.
(a) Write down the equation of AB in the intercept form
(b) Given that 2AC = CB, find the coordinate of point C
Answer:
(a)

(b)

B(0,3)
C
A(-6,0)

0
D

Exercise 1.
1) 2/3
2) 3/5
Exercise 2

3) 2

4) 4

11

1a) m=2
1b) m=3
2) h= -3
3.) a= -2
Self assessment I
1a)

2
3

1b)

2
3

1c.) zero
1d) undefined
2) A(4,0)
3) A(-10,0) , B(0,5)
4a) y

h
x 4h
4

4b) h= 1
5(i) m= (ii) C=(5,7) (iii) AC=

52, AB

Self assessment II
1) m=-3/2

90unit

2)PR=

13

3) 11y+21x=144

x y
4a.(i) 1
3 2
2
(ii) y 2 x
3

(iv)
-2x-3y + 6 =0
4b) y=2x-6
Self assessment III
1) k=2

2a) 5y=-x+10

2b) R(0,2)

Short test
1a)

x
y
1
6 3

1b) C(-4,1)

12