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PHY10 : Review
A. Vectors
Scalar Quantity - a quantity which only magnitude but no direction
Ex. Speed 40 kph
Vector Quantity - a quantity which has both magnitude and direction
Ex. Velocity- 40 kph due north
Analytical Methods of Finding the Resultant
A. Triangle Method construct a triangle using the 2 given vectors and use concepts of trigonometry such as
Cosine Law, Sine Law or Pythagorean Theorem to solve for the unknown vector.
B. Vector Resolution Method or Component Method- it is the process of resolving the vector to its vertical
and horizontal components
Resultant, R- is the vector sum of 2 or more vectors whose effect is the same as the given set of vectors.
Ex:
A small boat travels 80.0 km north and then travels 60.0 km east in 1.0 hr. What is the boats displacement
for one-hour trip? What is the boats average speed during the one-hour trip?
B. Kinematics
It is the study of how object moves without regard to the cause of motion.
EQUATIONS for motion along a straight path (x-axis)
VF = VO + at
s = VOt + at2
VF2 = VO2 + 2as
Note : if a = 0 ; V = constant
EQUATIONS for motion along vertical axis (y-axis)
VF = VO + gt
h = VOt + gt2
VF2 = VO2 + 2gh
Note : if object is free-fall or dropped V O = 0
EQUATIONS for Projectile Motion (x-axis)
VOX = VO cos : VOX Hori zontal Component of V O
VOX = VFX = VnX Note : Constant Horizontal Velocities
s = Vx t
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Where:
V F final velocity
V O initial velocity
s horizontal displacement/distance traveled
a constant acceleration
h vertical displacement/ height
g gravitational acceleration = 9.8 m/s 2
Sign Convention (from origin) : s : (+) & h : (+)
V : (+) OR (+)
a : (+) if speeding up OR (+) , hence g = 9.8 m/s2
EQUATIONS for Projectile Motion (y-axis)
VOY = VO sin
: VOY Verti cal Component of V O
VFY = VOY + gt
h = VOYt + gt2
VFY2 = VOY2 + 2gh
Sign Convention (from origin) : s : (+) & h : (+)
V : (+) OR (+)
g = 9.8 m/s2
Ex: An object moves due to a net force of 37.5 N. It starts at rest and accelerates at 2.5 m/s 2. What is its mass?
[ f N or f = N ]
Types:
Static Friction, f s exists when the body is at rest but has the tendency to slide.
Kinetic Friction, f k opposing force when the body is in motion
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Ex:
A 10-kg block is set moving with an initial speed of 6 m/s on a rough horizontal surface. If the friction force is
20 N, approximately how far does the block travel before it stops?
D. Circular Motion
Centripetal Force (FC)
The net force that causes object to move in a circular path
rather than a straight one.
Centripetal means towards the center, so this goes towards
the axis of rotation.
Centripetal Acceleration (aC)
The acceleration associated with the centripetal force. It also
goes towards the center of rotation.
Also known as the radial acceleration
EQUATIONS
FC = maC
FC = mv2/R
FC = mR2
FC = 4mR2/T2
FC = 4mR2f2
Where:
2
aC = v /R
v = /R
= 2/T
T = 1/f
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F = Gm1m2 / (R2)
Where:
m1 & m2 masses of the two particles (kg)
R distance between the two particles (m)
2. Using the size comparison between the planets mass and radius to that of earths
gX = gE(MX/ME)(RE/RX)2
3. To get mass of center planet (M1), radial distance (R) & orbital period (T), the Gravitational force is equated to
the Centripetal force.
FG = FC
GM1M2 /R2 = M2aC
(M2 is the orbiting object)
2
GM1/R = aC
GM1/R2 = 42R/T2
Cross multiply to simplify:
GM1T2 = 42R3
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