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| Spreadsheet Calculator (V6.1) Command Summary |

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|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| ^To Toggle options. Toggle one option selected by o: |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| a |Recalculate automatically or on ``@'' commands |

| c |Current cell highlighting enable/disable |

| e |External function execution enable/disable |

| n |If enabled, a digit starts a numeric value |

| t |Top line display enable/disable |

| x |Encrypt/decrypt database and listing files |

| $ |Dollar prescale. Multiply constants by 0.01 |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| S Set options. Options include: |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| byrows |Recalculate in row order (default) |

| bycols |Recalculate in column order |

| iterations=n |Set the number of iterations allowed (10) |

| tblstyle=xx |Set ``T'' output style to 0, tex, latex, or tbl|

|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| Cell cursor movement (always OK) |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| ^N ^P ^B ^F |Down, up, back, forward |

| ^Ed |Go to end of range in direction such as ^P or j|

| Arrow keys |(if the terminal and termcap support them) |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Cell cursor movement (if no prompt active) |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| j k l h |Down, up, right, left |

| SPACE |Forward |

| ^H |Back |

| TAB |Forward, otherwise starts/ends a range |

| ^ |Up to row 0 of the current column |

| # |Down to the last valid row of current column |

| 0 |Back to column A. Use ^U0 if numeric mode |

| $ |Forward to the last valid column of current row|

| b |Back then up to the previous valid cell |

| w |Forward then down to the next valid cell |

| g |Go to cell name, range, quoted string, number |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Cell entry and editing commands |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| = |Enter a numeric constant or expression |

| < |Enter a left justified string/expression |

| > |Enter a right justified string/expression |

| e |Edit the current cell's numeric value |

| E |Edit the current cell's string part |

| x |Clear the current cell |

| c |Copy the last marked cell to the current cell |

| m |Mark a cell to be used as the source for ``c'' |

| + |Increment numeric part |

| - |Decrement numeric part |

| In numeric mode, 0-9, +, -, . start new constant/expression |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

|Written by Andrew Yeomans |

| Crosfield Electronics Limited |

| Three Cherry Trees Lane |

| Hemel Hempstead |

| Hertfordshire HP2 7RH |

| England |

| |

| Tel +44-442-230000 |

| |

|Created July 1989 |

| |

|Issue 1.0 Copyright (C) A.J.V.Yeomans 1989|

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| File commands |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| G |Get a new database from a file |

| M |Merge a new file into the current database |

| P |Put the current database into a file |

| W |Write a listing to file in screen format |

| T |Write a listing to file, with delimiters and |

| |optionally control lines for tbl, LaTeX, TeX |

| | |

| If encryption mode set, file I/O will be encrypted/decrypted.|

| "| program" for file name pipes P, W, T output to program. |

| Cell name for file name uses cell's string part as file name.|

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Row and column commands |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| ir, ic |Insert a new, empty row/column |

| ar, ac |Append a new copy of the current row/column |

| dr, dc |Delete the current row/column |

| pr, pc, pm |Pull deleted cells back into the spreadsheet |

| |Insert rows, columns or merge the cells |

| vr, vc |Remove expressions (not values) from row/column|

| zr, zc |Hide (zap) the current row/column |

| sr, sc |Show hidden rows/columns |

| f width frac |Set the output format. A preceding count can be|

| |used to change more than one column |

| | |

| Commands which move or copy cells modify the row and column |

| references in new cell expressions unless fixed or $ used. |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Range commands |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| /x |Clear a range |

| /v |Remove expressions from range, leaving values |

| /c |Copy a source range to a destination range |

| /f |Fill range with constant incrementing values |

| /d |Assign a name to a cell or a range of cells |

| /s |Shows the currently defined range names |

| /u |Undefine a previously defined range name |

| | |

| A range is a rectangular region defined by the upper left and|

| lower right cells e.g. a20:k52 or a named range (/d) |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Miscellaneous commands |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Q q ^C |Exit from the program |

| ^G ESC |Abort entry of the current command |

| ? |Help |

| ! |Shell escape. !! repeats last command |

| ^L |Redraw the screen |

| ^R |Redraw the screen. Highlight value cells |

| ^X |Redraw the screen. Show formulas, not values |

| @ |Recalculate the spreadsheet |

| ^V |Type the name of the current cell |

| ^W |Type the current cell's expression |

| ^A |Type the current cell's numeric value |

| TAB |Starts or stops display of the default range |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Variable names |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| K20 |Row and column can vary on copies |

| $K$20 |Row and column stay fixed on copies |

| $K20 |Row can vary; column stays fixed on copies |

| K$20 |Row stays fixed; column can vary on copies |

| fixed |holds following expession fixed on copies |

| Cells and ranges can be given a symbolic name with /d |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Expressions |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| -e |Negation | e<=e |Less than or equal |

| e+e |Addition | e=e |Equal |

| e-e |Subtraction | e!=e |Not Equal |

| e*e |Multiplication | e>=e |Greater than or equal |

| e/e |Division | e>e |Greater than |

| e%e |Modulo | e<e |Less than |

| e^e |Exponentiation | e&e |Boolean operator AND |

| e?e1:e2|If e non-zero then | e|e |Boolean operator OR |

| |e1, otherwise e2 | ~e |Boolean operator NOT |

| Terms may be constants, variables, parenthesized expressions.|

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| Range functions |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| @sum(r) |Sum all valid cells in the range |

| @prod(r) |Multiply together all valid cells in the range |

| @avg(r) |Average all valid cells in range |

| @max(r) |Return the maximum value in the range |

| @min(r) |Return the minimum value in the range |

| |See also the numeric versions of max and min |

| @stddev(r) |Return the sample standard deviation of range |

| @index(e,r) |Return value of cell at index e into range r |

| @stindex(e,r)|Return string value of cell at index e into r |

| @lookup(e,r) |Search range r for a value e, return next row |

| |same column if range was a single row, or next |

| |column and same row if range was single column.|

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Numeric functions |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| @atan2(e1,e2) |Arc tangent of e1/e2 |

| @ceil(e) |Smallest integer not less than e |

| @eqs(se1,se2) |1 if string expr se1 = se2, else 0 |

| @exp(e) |Exponential function of e |

| @fabs(e) |Absolute value of e |

| @floor(e) |The largest integer not greater than e |

| @hypot(x,y) |Sqrt(x*x+y*y) |

| @max(e1,e2,...) |The maximum of the values of the e's |

| @min(e1,e2,...) |The minimum of the values of the e's |

| @nval(se,e) |Return numeric value of named cell at |

| |row given by se, column given by e |

| pi |A constant quite close to pi |

| @pow(e1,e2) |e1 raised to the power of e2 |

| @rnd(e) |Round e to the nearest integer |

| @sqrt(e) |Square root of e |

| @ston(se) |Convert string expr se to a numeric |

| @ln(e) @log(e) |Natural/base 10 logarithm of e |

| @dtr(e) @rtd(e) |Convert degrees to/from radians |

| @cos(e) @acos(e) |Cosine/inverse cosine using radians |

| @sin(e) @asin(e) |Sine/inverse sine using radians |

| @tan(e) @atan(e) |Tangent/inverse tangent using radians |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| String functions |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| # |Concatenate strings |

| @substr(se,e1,e2) |Extract characters e1-e2 from se |

| @fmt(se,e) |Convert e to a string using sprintf(3) |

| @sval(se,e) |Return string value of named cell at |

| |row given by se, column given by e |

| @ext(se,e) |Call external program/script se with |

| |argument e (converted to string). |

| |Returns first line output as a string |

| String expressions are made from constant strings (characters|

| surrounded by quotes), variables, and string functions. |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Financial functions |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| @pmt(e1,e2,e3) |@pmt(60000,.01,360) computes monthly |

| |payments for $60000 mortgage, 12%/year |

| |interest (.01/month) for 360 months |

| @fv(e1,e2,e3) |@fv(100,.005,36) computes future value |

| |of 36 monthly payments of $100 at |

| |6% per year interest (.005 per month) |

| @pv(e1,e2,e3) |@pv(1000,.015,36) computes present |

| |value of ordinary annuity of 36 monthly|

| |payments of $1000 at 18%/year interest |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| Time and date functions |

|--------------------------------------------------------------|

| @now |Return current time in seconds since |

| |00:00 January 1, 1970 GMT |

| | |

| All of the following take an argument expressed in seconds: |

| @date(e) |Convert the time to 24 character date |

| |string e.g. 'Sun Sep 16 01:03:52 1973' |

| @year(e) |Return the year (From 1970) |

| @month(e) |Return the month: 1 (Jan) to 12 (Dec) |

| @day(e) |Return the day of the month: 1 to 31 |

| @hour(e) |Return the hour: 0 to 23 |

| @minute(e) |Return the minutes: 0 to 59 |

| @second(e) |Return the seconds: 0 to 59 |

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