FLUID & PARTICLE PROCESS

ASSIGNMENT 2
Mahsa Lotfi
Danise
Mohammed

14863624

Question 1.
Data
A=1
P=300 kPa
= 10%

Filtrate Volume (
Time (mins)
Table 1.1 Filtrate Volume

4
10

6.2
20

7.7
30

9.7
45

11.5
60

at certain time (mins)

Calculations
To calculate volumetric mass of the slurry,

Using the Constant Differential Pressure equation, it becomes possible to plot

against
of

. This would result in a linear graph with a gradient of

and a y-intercept

Time (s)
600
1200
1800
2700
3600
Table 1.2. Graph values.

4
6.2
7.7
9.7
11.5

45000000
58064516.13
70129870.13
83505154.64
93913043.48

DP

100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0

y = 6.6518x + 18106
R = 0.9976
Series1
Linear (Series1)

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

B-Bo
Figure 1.1

From the gradient it becomes possible to calculate

calculate .

and from the y-intercept it is possible to

Question 2.
Data
A=

Volume of filtrate collected (litres)

Time (minutes)

280
10

430
20

540
30

680
45

800
60

Table 2.1a. Volume of filtrate collected (litres) at time t.

a- 1200 L of filtrate
Constant pressure drop of 400 kPa
b- Washing with 500L of water
Constant pressure drop of 200 kPa

Calculations
A)
In this case the basic filtration equation can be written as the equation represented below.

If

is plotted against
and a y-intercept of

, it would result in a linear graph with a gradient of

Time (s)
600
1200
1800
2700
3600
Table2.2a. Graph values

280000
430000
540000
680000
800000

535.7143
697.6744
833.3333
992.6471
1125

Figure 2.1a.

From
obtain the linear relationship:

the graph we
y = 0.0011x + 213.54

Hence;

Time taken to collect 1200 liters of filtrate is

seconds.

B)
We can again use the same equation used in part A in order to find a linear relationship
between
against

Time (min)
600
1200
1800
2700
3600

280000
430000
540000
680000
800000

857.1428571
1116.27907
1333.333333
1588.235294
1800

Figure 2

2000
y = 0.0018x + 341.66
R = 0.9997

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800

Linear ()

600
400
200
0
0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

Figure 3

Using the same method as part A, we can calculate the time taken to wash the resulted cake
with 500 liters of water. The equation for the resulted linear relationship is,
y = 0.0018x + 341.66

The time taken to wash the resulted cake with 500 liters of water is 3104 seconds.

Question 3.
Data

Time (mins)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16

Interface height (cm)

48.3
46.2
13.2
40.3
37.5
34.6
31.7
28.8
26.2

Time (mins)
21
24
30
39
59
77
102

Calculations
From this we are able to calculate the volume fractions.
At feed:

At under flow:

Therefore the volume fraction of limestone at feed and at underflow is:

Interface height (cm)

19.3
16.4
13.6
10.9
7.51
6.21
5.23
4.4

Using the values calculated above and table 3.1, a curve of interface height against time is
constructed. Using the tangential lines gradient could be obtained. This gradient is equal to
the velocity of the flow (cm/min).

.
Figure 3.1 Graph of Interface Height Vs Time

Using the equation below, we can construct tabulated results for volume fraction, solid flux
and batch flux.

(cm)
48.3
45
30
35
30
25
20
15
12
10
8

Gradient, v
(cm/min)
1.45
1.216
0.988
0.777
0.0577
0.385
0.232
0.125
0.0789
0.0526
0.034

Volume
fraction, c
0.00937
0.01006
0.0132
0.01293
0.01509
0.01811
0.02264
0.0302
0.0377
0.04527
0.0566

Table 3.2. Gradient, Volume fraction, , and etc.

cm/min

0.01345
0.01223
0.01118
0.01005
0.00871
0.00697
0.00525
0.00377
0.00298
0.00238
0.00192

1.16649
1.18091
1.20823
1.24527
1.29835
1.38073
1.52598
1.85041
2.35004
3.21926
7.23127

(cm/min)
0.01569
0.01445
0.01351
0.01252
0.01130
0.00963
0.0080
0.00698
0.007
0.00767
0.01391

Using

and the volume fraction we can construct the following graph:

Figure 3.2. Flux rate Vs Volume Fraction.

Therefore flux rate of the solid phase at minimum is

Also the feed rate is,

Since,

Therefore,

Question4.
Data

Calculations
A)
Since the particles are uniformly spherical,

Assume slow flow; thus:

(

This assumption can be validated by checking the Reynolds number:

Using Richarsdson-Zaki correlation and Reynold number relationship, we can iterate to get
the correct velocity.
And,

Re
Re<0.2
0.2>Re<1
1>Re<500
Re>500
Table 4.1. Range of n values over for different Re values.

n
4.65
2.39

Iteration

Re

1
2
3

N
4.65
4.65
4.65

Table 4.2. Iterations

The minimum fluidization velocity

To calculate bed height:

is m/s.

B)
To calculate superficial velocity;

(
(

=1.06

Using Khan and Richardson correlation:

(

N=4.72
To calculate porosity:
( )

Therefore mean bed height is:

Question 5.
Data

Size Range (
Feed Size Distribution
Coarse Production Size Distribution

6.69.4
0.05
0.016

9.413.3
0.2
0.139

13.318.7
0.35
0.366

18.727
0.25
0.3

27.037.0
0.1
0.12

Table 5.1. Given Data

Calculations
A)

B)
The size distribution of the fine product can be calculated using the equation below.
(

Tabulated values for size distributions for fine products are displayed below.
Size Range (
6.6-9.4
9.4-13.3
13.3-18.7
18.7-27
27-37
37-53

0.05
0.2
0.35
0.25
0.1
0.05

0.016
0.139
0.366
0.3
0.12
0.06

Inlet Mass Coarse

Mass
10
2.66
40
23.14
70
60.94
50
49.95
20
19.98
10
9.99

C)
Grade efficiency is can be calculated by the equation shown below.

Tabulated values for grade efficiency are displayed below.

Size Range (
Average Size (
6.6-9.4
8
9.4-13.3
11.35
13.3-18.7
16
18.7-27
22.85
27-37
32
37-53
45
Table 3

G(x)
26.64
57.86
87.06
99.9
99.9
99.9

0.219
0.503
0.271
0.0015
0.0006
0.0003

37.053.0
0.05
0.06

Plotting the results,

From the graph we get 10.5

is the equiprobable size where g(x) = 50%.

D)

Size Range (
Feed Size Distribution

6.69.4
0.08

9.413.3
0.13

13.318.7
0.27

18.727
0.36

27.037.0
0.14

37.053.0
0.02

The coarse product size distribution can be determined from the equation below.

Tabulated values are shown below.

Size Range (
Feed Distribution Size
6.6-9.4
0.08
9.4-13.3
0.13
13.3-18.7
0.27
18.7-27
0.36
27-37
0.14
37-53
0.02

G(x)
0.266
0.579
0.871
0.999
0.999
0.999

Coarse Distribution
0.0256
0.0904
0.2823
0.432
0.168
0.024