Professional Documents
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ca
t
ei
sl
o
s
to
rdamag
e
d
.
Ma
rk
i
ngo
ft
hea
s
s
oc
i
a
t
edf
unc
t
i
ons:
Add
i
t
i
ona
lf
unc
t
i
on
,i
fany
,i
sa
l
s
ot
ob
ema
rke
d
.
2Fo
r
c
ep
r
ov
i
ngi
ns
t
rumen
t
s and r
e
f
e
r
enc
es
p
e
c
imens
1
.
3
.
2
a
r
et
ob
ema
rk
edwi
t
hpa
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
sa
sd
e
emedapp
rop
r
i
a
t
e
Re
t
en
t
i
ono
fCe
r
t
i
f
i
ca
t
e
s
,e
t
c
.
Al
lc
e
r
t
i
f
i
ca
t
e
sandi
n
s
p
e
c
t
i
onr
e
co
rd
sa
r
et
ober
e
t
a
i
ned
byt
heSoc
i
e
t
y
.
byt
heowne
r
,andt
he
ya
r
et
ob
ep
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
dt
ot
heSoc
i
e
t
y
whenr
eque
s
t
ed
.I
den
t
i
f
i
ca
t
i
onp
l
a
t
e
sa
r
et
obes
e
cu
r
e
l
ya
t
-
1
.
4
I
n
s
pe
c
t
i
onFe
e
s
,e
t
c
.
t
a
chedont
heapp
rop
r
i
a
t
el
oca
t
i
ono
ft
het
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
ne
byt
heowne
rf
o
rd
i
s
p
l
a
y
.
1
.
4
.
1
In
s
pe
c
t
i
onFe
e
s
,e
t
c
.
1Thef
o
l
l
owi
ngf
e
e
ss
ha
l
lb
echa
r
gedbyt
heSoc
i
e
t
yt
o
1
.
3
.
3
t
he app
l
i
c
an
ti
na
c
co
rdanc
e wi
t
hp
rov
i
s
i
onss
epa
r
a
t
e
l
y
Va
l
i
d
i
t
yo
fCe
r
t
i
f
i
ca
t
e
s
1Theva
l
i
d
i
t
yo
fac
e
r
t
i
f
i
ca
t
ef
o
rat
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
neand
p
r
ov
i
d
e
dwhene
i
t
he
ro
ft
hef
o
l
l
owi
ngi
sr
e
l
e
van
t:
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
edequ
i
pmen
ti
st
obetwe
l
vemo
n
t
h
s
.
2Theva
l
i
d
i
t
yo
fac
e
r
t
i
f
i
ca
t
ef
o
raf
o
r
c
ep
r
ov
i
ngi
ns
t
r
u-
Whe
nai
ns
pe
c
t
i
oni
sca
r
r
i
e
dou
ti
na
c
co
rdanc
ewi
t
h
t
heRu
l
e
s
.
men
tus
edf
o
rve
r
i
f
y
i
ngma
t
e
r
i
a
lt
e
s
t
i
ngma
ch
i
ne
si
st
ob
e
twen
t
yf
ourmon
t
hs
.
Whe
nr
e
i
s
s
ueo
rr
enewa
lo
fc
e
r
t
i
f
i
ca
t
e
s
,e
t
c
.a
r
eca
r
r
i
e
dou
t
.
3Theva
l
i
d
i
t
yo
fac
e
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
emaybee
x
t
e
nd
edf
o
rap
e
r
i
-
2 Whe
nt
e
s
t
sandi
n
s
pe
c
t
i
ona
r
eca
r
r
i
edou
t
,t
r
ave
l
l
i
ng
odno
te
xc
e
ed
i
ngonemon
t
hf
romt
hedueda
t
ewhe
nt
he
e
xp
en
s
e
sa
r
et
obecha
r
g
edi
na
c
co
rdanc
ewi
t
ht
hep
rov
i
-
Soc
i
e
t
yde
emsi
tt
ob
eapp
rop
r
i
a
t
e
.
s
i
onss
e
pa
r
a
t
e
l
yp
r
ov
i
ded
.
3I
nadd
i
t
i
ont
ot
hef
e
e
s
,e
xp
ens
e
sandcha
r
ge
ss
pe
c
i
f
i
ed
1
.
3
.
4
i
n1and2abov
e
,a
l
le
xpens
e
si
ncur
r
edbyi
ns
pe
c
t
i
on
s
Inva
l
i
da
t
i
ono
fCe
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
e
s
Ac
e
r
t
i
f
i
ca
t
e maybei
nva
l
i
da
t
e
di
nanyo
ft
hef
o
l
l
owi
ng
a
r
et
ob
ebo
rnebyt
heapp
l
i
can
t
.
Chap
t
e
r2
Chap
t
e
r2TENSILE TESTING MACHINES AND COMPRESSION TESTING MACHI
NES
2
.
1
Gene
r
a
l
a
l
s
ot
obeo
facons
t
ruc
t
i
oncapab
l
eo
fwi
t
hs
t
and
i
ngt
he
Scope
t
e
s
tf
o
r
c
ei
nd
i
c
a
t
i
ngd
e
v
i
c
ei
st
obec
apab
l
eo
fwi
t
hs
t
and-
s
e
r
v
i
c
ef
o
r
c
eupt
oi
t
s max
imum we
i
gh
i
ngcapa
c
i
t
y
.The
2
.
1
.
1
Ther
equ
i
r
emen
t
so
ft
h
i
sChap
t
e
rapp
l
yt
ot
e
n
s
i
l
et
e
s
t
i
ng
i
ngt
heimpa
c
tf
o
r
c
eo
c
cur
r
i
nga
tt
hemomen
to
fb
r
e
akage
ma
ch
i
ne
s
,comp
r
e
s
s
i
ont
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
ne
s
,and comb
i
ne
d
o
fat
e
s
ts
pe
c
imenwi
t
hou
tanyl
o
s
si
np
e
r
f
o
rmanc
e
.
t
ens
i
l
eandcomp
r
e
s
s
i
ont
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
ne
s(
he
r
e
i
na
f
t
e
rr
e
-
2Thel
oad
i
ngde
v
i
c
ei
st
obep
rov
i
dedwi
t
ht
hes
a
f
e
t
yde
-
f
e
r
r
edt
oa
s"
t
e
s
t
i
ngma
ch
i
ne
s
i
nt
h
i
sChap
t
e
r
)
.
v
i
c
e
ss
pe
c
i
f
i
edi
nt
hef
o
l
l
owi
ng and .Howe
ve
r
,pa
r
t
o
ft
hes
a
f
e
t
y de
v
i
c
e
s may beomi
t
t
ed whe
nt
heSoc
i
e
t
y
2
.
1
.
2
Au
t
oma
t
i
cTen
s
i
l
eTe
s
t
i
ng Ma
ch
i
n
e
sandCom-
d
e
emsapp
r
op
r
i
a
t
e
.
p
r
e
s
s
i
onTe
s
t
i
ng Ma
ch
i
n
e
s
As
a
f
e
t
yde
v
i
c
ef
o
rt
het
e
s
tf
o
r
c
e
Fo
rt
ens
i
l
et
e
s
t
i
ngma
ch
i
ne
sandcomp
r
e
s
s
i
ont
e
s
t
i
ng ma
-
As
a
f
e
t
yde
v
i
c
ef
o
rt
hemov
i
ngr
ang
e
ch
i
ne
s
,on wh
i
chl
oad
i
ng de
v
i
c
e
, me
a
s
ur
i
ng de
v
i
c
e
,t
e
s
t
3Thet
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
nei
st
obes
ocons
t
ruc
t
edt
ha
tt
he
da
t
ap
roc
e
s
s
i
ng de
v
i
c
ea
r
epa
r
t
l
yo
r who
l
l
y au
t
oma
t
e
d
,
ve
r
i
f
i
ca
t
i
on o
ft
e
s
tf
o
r
c
ei
spo
s
s
i
b
l
ebya
t
t
a
chmen
to
fa
t
he
i
rcons
t
ruc
t
i
onsandf
unc
t
i
onsa
r
et
obes
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
ono
f
s
u
i
t
ab
l
ef
o
r
c
ep
rov
i
ngi
ns
t
rumen
t
.
t
heSoc
i
e
t
y
.
4Thet
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
nei
st
obep
r
ov
i
ded wi
t
hapa
r
to
r
t
hewho
l
eo
fag
r
i
pp
i
ngde
v
i
c
e
,comp
r
e
s
s
i
onde
v
i
c
e
,anda
2
.
1
.
3
be
nd
i
ngd
e
v
i
c
e
,wh
i
cha
r
es
u
i
t
ab
l
ef
o
rt
het
e
s
ts
pe
c
imen
Wo
rk
i
ngRang
eo
fTe
s
t
i
ng Ma
ch
i
n
e
s
Thewo
rk
i
ngr
angeo
fat
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
nei
s
,a
saru
l
e
s
,t
o
t
ob
et
e
s
t
e
dbyt
het
e
s
t
i
ngma
ch
i
ne
.
bef
romt
hel
owe
rl
imi
to
fat
e
s
tf
o
r
c
et
ot
hewe
i
gh
i
ngc
a-
5Anyt
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
nef
o
r me
a
s
ur
i
ngp
roo
fs
t
r
e
s
si
st
o
pa
c
i
t
y
.Thel
owe
rl
imi
to
ft
het
e
s
tf
o
r
c
es
ha
l
lno
tb
el
e
s
s
bep
rov
i
d
edwi
t
hane
x
t
ens
i
onme
t
e
rde
emedt
obeapp
ro-
t
han1
5o
ft
hewe
i
gh
i
ngcapa
c
i
t
y
.I
nt
heca
s
eo
fat
e
s
t
i
ng
p
r
i
a
t
ebyt
heSoc
i
e
t
y
.
ma
ch
i
necapab
l
eo
fchang
i
ngi
t
swe
i
gh
i
ngc
apa
c
i
t
yi
t
s
e
l
f
,
6At
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
nec
apab
l
eo
fcon
t
ro
l
l
i
ngt
hel
oad
i
ng
t
her
e
s
pe
c
t
i
vewo
r
k
i
ngr
ang
eo
fs
uchat
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
nei
s
s
pe
edi
st
obep
r
ov
i
ded wi
t
hal
oad
i
ngs
pe
edcon
t
ro
lde
-
t
obes
pe
c
i
f
i
eda
c
co
r
d
i
ngt
ot
hes
pe
c
i
f
i
ccapa
c
i
t
y
,r
e
s
p
e
c
-
v
i
c
ede
emedt
obeapp
rop
r
i
a
t
ebyt
heSoc
i
e
t
y
.
t
i
ve
l
y
.
2
.
3
2
.
1
.
4
In
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
ono
fTe
s
t
i
ng Ma
ch
i
ne
s
Ma
rk
i
ng
s
Thewe
i
gh
i
ngc
apa
c
i
t
yands
t
r
ok
eo
fat
e
s
t
i
ngma
ch
i
nea
r
e
t
obema
rkedbe
s
i
de
st
hei
t
emss
pe
c
i
f
i
edi
n1
.
3
.
5
.
1
.
2
.
3
.
1
I
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
ono
fTe
s
t
i
ng Ma
ch
i
ne
s
Thet
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
ne
sa
r
et
ob
ep
rope
r
l
yands
u
i
t
ab
l
yi
ns
t
a
l
l
e
da
tap
l
a
c
ef
r
e
ef
romt
hei
n
f
l
uenc
e
so
fe
x
t
e
rna
lv
i
-
2
.
1
.
5
b
r
a
t
i
onsandimpa
c
t
s
,e
t
c
.
.Thef
ounda
t
i
onf
o
ri
ns
t
a
l
l
a-
Con
s
i
de
r
a
t
i
on
sf
o
rSa
f
e
t
y
Su
f
f
i
c
i
en
tcons
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
oni
st
obeg
i
v
e
nt
ot
hes
a
f
e
t
yo
fop-
t
i
on
,andt
heconne
c
t
i
onb
e
twe
ent
hef
ounda
t
i
onandt
e
s
t
-
e
r
a
t
o
r
s when cons
t
r
uc
t
i
ng andi
n
s
t
a
l
l
i
ng at
e
s
t
i
ng ma-
i
ng ma
ch
i
nea
r
et
obes
u
f
f
i
c
i
en
t
l
yr
i
g
i
dco
r
r
e
s
pond
i
ngt
o
ch
i
ne
.
t
het
yp
eand we
i
gh
i
ngcapa
c
i
t
yo
ft
het
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
ne
.
Howe
v
e
r
,at
e
s
t
i
ngma
ch
i
nemaybea
c
c
ep
t
edt
obeme
r
e
l
y
2
.
2
s
e
tonaf
ounda
t
i
onwh
i
chi
ss
u
f
f
i
c
i
en
t
l
yr
i
g
i
dands
t
ab
l
e
,
Con
s
t
r
uc
t
i
on
whe
nt
heSoc
i
e
t
yd
e
emsi
tt
obeapp
r
op
r
i
a
t
e
.
2
.
2
.
1
Con
s
t
r
uc
t
i
on
1At
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
nei
st
ob
ecompo
s
e
do
fal
oad
i
ngd
e
-
2
.
4
I
n
i
t
i
a
lIn
s
pe
c
t
i
onandRenewa
lIn
s
pe
c
t
i
on
v
i
c
et
ha
tapp
l
i
e
sat
e
s
tf
o
r
c
et
oat
e
s
ts
p
e
c
ime
ng
r
adua
l
l
y
,
g
r
i
pp
i
ngo
rho
l
d
i
ngd
e
v
i
c
e
so
fat
e
s
ts
p
e
c
imen
,t
e
s
tf
o
r
c
e
2
.
4
.
1
i
nd
i
ca
t
i
ngandr
e
co
r
d
i
ngde
v
i
c
e
s
.Thet
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
nei
s
1Thes
a
f
e
t
yo
fat
e
s
t
i
ng ma
ch
i
nef
o
rope
r
a
t
o
r
si
st
ob
e
Gene
r
a
l
Ru
l
e
sf
o
r Te
s
t
i
ng Ma
ch
i
n
e
s
ve
r
i
f
i
ed
.
mov
i
ngr
angei
st
ob
eve
r
i
f
i
ed
.
2Thee
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
ne
s
so
ft
hede
v
i
c
e
sandcon
s
t
ruc
t
i
one
t
c
.
,
4I
n
s
p
e
c
t
i
onf
o
rs
ens
i
t
i
v
i
t
yo
fat
e
s
tf
o
r
c
ei
nd
i
ca
t
i
ngd
e
-
s
pe
c
i
f
i
edi
n2
.
2i
st
obei
n
s
p
e
c
t
ed
.
v
i
c
ei
st
obec
a
r
r
i
edou
tt
ov
e
r
i
f
yt
ha
tt
hes
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
yo
f
t
hed
e
v
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Ren
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lI
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t
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ons
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ent
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3
.
5
.
1
Renewa
lIn
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t
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andt
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tp
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e
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eanv
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li
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r
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and t
e
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l whe
nt
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et
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es
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4
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2
5and6
.
Chap
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r4
Chap
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r4HARDNESSTESTING MACHINES
4
.
1
Gene
r
a
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4
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1
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6
Te
s
t
sandIn
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pe
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t
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t
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e
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t
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.
4
.
2
4
.
1
.
2
Br
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l
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ch
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.
1
Sc
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me
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.
1
.
4
Re
f
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r
enc
ePl
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o
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t
t
i
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h
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i
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o
r
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no
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ur
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l
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et
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t
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tt
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l
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r
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a
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s
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u
i
t
ab
l
ef
o
r
c
e
p
rov
i
ngi
ns
t
r
ume
n
t
.
4
.
1
.
5
4The ma
ch
i
nef
r
ameandanv
i
la
r
et
o haves
u
f
f
i
c
i
en
t
In
s
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ng Ma
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e
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o
r Te
s
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4
.
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me
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t
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et
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ei
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pe
c
t
e
d
.
4
.
2
.
4
Renewa
lIn
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t
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on
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i
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3
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ows
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5
.
1
5
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Chap
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Chap
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6
.
1
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