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I. INTRODUCTION
Augmented Reality is a term used to describe an
application of technology that combines the appearance of
an element (text, pictures, or sounds) generated by a
Smartphone application or computer (either twodimensional or three-dimensional) with a view of the real
world in the same time. It allows to have a real purpose
and to enrich the user experience with smartphone or
computer additional information that cannot be captured
directly.
Augmented Reality (AR) is currently widely researched
and rapidly evolving. This technology supplements the
real world with composite 3D virtual objects that are
integrated into the real world. Augmented reality has been
touted as an important technology of the future but has
been used primarily in high-end and novelty settings [1].
This technology is very interesting and interactive and
therefore there is a vast range of potential applications of
AR such as Assembly and Construction [2], Maintenance
and Inspection [3], Tourism [4], Urban Modeling [5],
Medicine [6], military training [7]. Nowadays with the
rapid developments in web and mobile computing
technologies and new learning theories, web and mobile
learning has exploded everywhere in our society, which is
considered as an essential learning style in the coming
future [8].
The main objective of this research is to identify the
visual technique and to improve existing visual technique
to overcome current problems.
To acquire human
anatomy knowledge, medical students must practice on
human corpses. However, human corpses only short
supply in medical schools worldwide [11]. The potential
solution to this problem is in Augmented Reality (AR). By
creating 3D model that includes the anatomy of human
bodies, and can give unlimited time to student or doctor to
B. AR in Education
A volume visualization of datasets added to the user,
creating the illusion that users are able to see into the
body. Using movement, different slices of the photography
dataset can be selected for visualization. In addition, the
system can display a 3D model of the organ, text and
image information about anatomy. To interact with the
data we present new interaction metaphors that use depth
cameras. Visibility hands and body are altered based on
the distance to the plane virtual interaction. It helps users
to understand the spatial relationships between the body
and the field of virtual interaction [16].
Farias (2011) has presented the features of a tool called
Educ-AR. This tool allows the creation of a class by using
augmented reality techniques. With this tool, teachers can
make use of virtual models to enrich and improve the
explanation of abstract subjects in a variety of areas [17].
Based on [18] the AR technology will bring many new
features for experimental education, they are:
1. The class more interesting and exciting experiments
2. More convenient demonstration and instruction
3. More economical for promotion
4. There is no risk trial
C. Medical Education
Pan (2010) has been researched between M-Learning
and traditional learning, M-learning can connect between
student, teacher and instructional materials in a better way
and students will be engaged and motivated to learn
anytime and anywhere. Compared with traditional
education, M-learning technology offers the possibility of
easier and better for the medical students at leisure or in
D. Visual Technique
Researches on visual tracking have been discussed in
Ismar conference with more than 80% talk about computer
vision methods using the camera [22]. The method can
determine vision cameras are naturally occurring, such as
points, lines, line edge or texture. In addition, the use of
the camera can also process the image to display object
detection in real world.
Tracking based on marker technique is preferred
compared with other tracking [23]. According to Kato and
Billinghurst (1999), augmentation of success using this
method is higher because the process of tracking directly
on the image or markers is used [24].
B. Development
The application is designed and developed for regular
Android phone users where there are plenty of other
applications has been developed based on various
operating systems and platforms. The CLD (figure 5) has
been developed based on a comprehensive instructional
design model and M-Learning Model, which has a
systematic flow to completely fulfill the task for which it
has been designed.
[9]
[10]
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we describe how Cardiac Learning
Detection (CLD) is developed to proof of concept of AR
in medical student and learn anatomy of human body
especially cardiac aspect. The application of a
customizable android platform can become an innovative
approach which could help to aim a gradually increase
social cognitive skills of autistic subjects.
In future, employed by the Smartphone media will be
very interesting to see how the Smartphone can be used in
a more 'free-form' scenario education. Using this
technology can be simply and rapidly modified due to the
AR technology, especially when this technology is able to
be applied to the mobile smart phone (Android). AR
technology abilities in its implementation on android smart
phone can increase colossal potential users principally due
to the role of smart phone in providing stability for users
who needed it.
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support
provided by the Institute of Visual Informatics (IVI),
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The authors
thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful
comments.
[18]
[19]
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[8]
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[21]
[22]
[23]
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AUTHORS PROFILE
Al Hamidy Hazidar
is a student Master in Computer Science, National
University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, UKM). He holds a S.Kom in
Informatics Computer from Technology University
of Yogyakarta (Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta),
Indonesia and A.Md in Electronics from
Politeknik Negeri Medan (PolMed), Medan, Indonesia. His research
area is in networking, Microcontroller, web programming, visualization
computing. He is also a member of Persatuan Pelajar Indonesia-UKM
(PPI-UKM), and freelance IT consultant.
Email: aldidy@gmail.com
Riza Sulaiman
is a Professor in Visualization and Senior
Research Fellow in the Institute of Visual
Informatics, National University of Malaysia
(Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM). He
holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering, a MSc
in Advanced Manufacturing Technology from the University of
Portsmouth and B.Eng. (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering from the
University of Sunderland,United Kingdom. His research area is in
Visualisation CADCAM, Graphics and Robotic Vision. He is a reviewer
of more than 30 international journals and conference proceedings. He
has published two books in Computer-Aided Design. He is also a
member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE), United
Kingdom and the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM).
Email: riza@ivi.ukm.my