EKT 343

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

Assignment 1-(answer set 1)

Due date : 27th October 2014 (MONDAY)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------You are required to answer all questions.

Penalty with deduction 1 mark per day will be given to those who submit the days later.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
NAME

:_____________________________________________

MATRIC NO. :_____________________________________________

PROGRAM

Q1
(30)

:_____________________________________________

Q2
(30)

TOTAL
(60)

TOTAL
(100%)

Question 1. [CO1]
(a) What is the output of the ideal combiner for the following Figure 1? (4 marks)
+6 dBm

Combiner

Output ? dBm

+3 dBm

Solution:
6dBm = 100.6 mW = 4 mW
3dBm = 100.3 mW = 2 mW
Combiner adds the signal power = 4 m + 2 m = 6 mW
In dBm = 10 log
= 7.76 dBm

(b) Given a four-stages system with an input power of Pin = 0.1mW. If the gain of Ap1 = 500, while Ap2 =
2x10-4Ap1, Ap4 = 2Ap2 and Ap3 = 2Ap1. Calculate:
(i)

the gain values of Ap2, Ap3 and Ap4. (3 marks)

Ap2 = 2 x 10-4 Ap1 = 2 x 10-4 (500) = 0.1
Ap3 = 2 Ap1 = 2 (500) = 1000
Ap4 = 2 Ap2 = 2 (0.1) = 0.2

(ii)

the dB gain of each stage. (4 marks)

(iii)

the overall gain in dB. (1 mark)

(iv)

the output power in watt and dBm. (3 marks)

40

AT (unitless) 10 10 10000

(v)

the possible components that you think constitutes in the system and justify your answer.
(1 mark)

Since values gain of Ap1 and Ap3 are greater than 1 then they could be considered as
amplifiers, while value gain of Ap2 and Ap4 are less than 1 then they could be considered
as filters

(c) An amplifier circuit having a noise figure of 9 dB and power gain of 25 dB is followed by a mixer
having a noise figure of 16 dB and power gain of 30 dB. Calculate overall noise figure and equivalent
noise temperature at the input of the combination. (6 marks)
F1 = 100.9 = 7.94328
F2 = 101.6 = 39.8107
G1= 102.5 = 315.2277
F = F1 +
= 7.94328 +
= 8.0660
Noise figure, NF = 10 log F
= 10 log (8.0660)
= 9.066 dB
Te = (F-1) T = (8.0660 -1 ) (290)
= 2049.14 K

(d) A receiver with a 50 input resistance operates at a temperature of 29oC. The received signal is at 90
MHz with a bandwidth of 5 MHz . The received signal voltage of 8V is applied to an amplifier with a
noise figure (NF) of 2.6 dB. Evaluate:
(i)

The input noise power, Pn (2 marks)

T=29+273=302K

= 2.04x10-6

PN kTB (1.38 x10 23 )( 302 )( 5M ) 2.08 x10 14 Watts

(ii)

The input signal power, PS (1 mark)

(iii)

Input Signal to Noise Ratio in decibels , SNR (2 marks)

(iv)

The noise factor F and SNR of the amplifier (2 marks)

NF= 10 log F(NOISE RATIO)

Noise ratio= F= 100.26 = 1.82
But NR = (SNR input)/(SNR output)
SNRoutput=(SNR input)/( NR)=61.54/( 1.82)=33.8
SNR output =SNR amplifier

(v)

The noise temperature of the amplifier (1 mark)

Question 2. [CO2]
(a) Under what condition that the overmodulation occur? Explain it. (3 marks)

If the amplitude of the modulating voltage is higher than the carrier voltage, m will be greater
than 1, causing distortion.
If the distortion is great enough, the intelligence signal becomes unintelligible.

(b) For a particular broadcast AM radio station with a carrier frequency of 80 sin (2 x 105 t) and a
modulating signal of 20 sin (500 t), calculate the following:
(i)

Modulation Index ( 2 marks)

Given, Vm(t) = 20 sin (500 t)

Vc(t) = 80 sin (2 x 105 t)
Hence, modulation index, m =

(ii)

Maximum and minimum amplitudes of the envelope (2 marks)

Vmax = Vc + Vm
= 80 + 20
= 100 V

(iii)

Vmin = Vc - Vm
= 80 - 20
= 60 V

Sideband frequencies (4 marks)

fm

2 x10 5
500
100 kHz
250Hz 0.25kHz , f c
2
2

Hence upper sideband frequency = fc + fm = 100.25 kHz

Hence lower sideband frequency = fc - fm = 99.75 kHz

(iv)

Amplitude of each sideband frequency (1 marks)

Eusb/Elsb =

(v)

Construct the mathematical expression of modulated signal Vam(t); (3 marks)

Vam (t) = 80 sin (2 x 105 t)- 10 cos [2 (100.25 k t) t] + 10 cos [ 2 (99.75k t)]

(vi)

Illustrate and label the output envelope of the modulated signal, Vam(t) (4 marks)
Vmax = 100 V
Vmin = 60 V

Vm= 20V
Vc = 80 V

(vii)

Bandwidth (1 marks)
Bandwidth, B = 2 x fm = 2 x 250
= 500 Hz

(viii)

Total power delivered into a load of 600 (2 marks)

V
802
Pc c
5.33W
2R 2(600)
m2
0.252
PT Pc 1

5
.
33

1
5.5W
2
2

(ix)

Power saved if one of the sideband is suppressed and show the percentage power saving.
(3 marks)

Thus, if one sideband is suppressed,

PT ( NEW ) PC PLSB Pc

m2
0.252
m2
Pc Pc 1

5
.
33

1
5.4167W
4
4
4

Powersaved PT (OLD ) PT ( NEW ) 5.5 5.4167 W 0.0833 W

% Powersaved

Powersaved
0.0833
x100 %
x100 % 1.5%
PT ( OLD )
5.5

(x)

What are the drawbacks of Double sideband Full Carrier (DSBFC)? (3 marks)

Large power consumption, where carrier power constitutes >2/3 transmitted power.{remember :
carrier does not contain any information}
Utilize twice as much bandwidth both the upper and lower sideband actually contains same
information (redundant).
Noise is higher because the noise is proportional to the bandwidth

(c) The antenna current of AM broadcast transmitter modulated to a depth of 85% by an unmodulated
carrier current that feed into a 50 antenna load impedance is 10 amperes.
(i) Calculate the modulated output current. (1 marks)
IT = 10

(ii) Calculate the total output power. (1 marks)

PT = (IT)2 R = 11.672(50) = 6809 W