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Lecture 11
Page 1 of 8
(Fig. 5.11)
Differences between pnp and npn BJTs are:
Biasing voltages are applied oppositely to the npn, though
still forward biasing EBJ and reverse biasing the CBJ for
active mode operation, for example.
Current is primarily composed of holes (in the p type
regions) rather than electrons as in the npn BJT.
The current direction conventions are iE into the emitter
while iC and iB are out from the device.
The circuit symbol for the pnp BJT is
Whites, EE 320
Lecture 11
Page 2 of 8
Once again, the filled arrow is always located on the emitter and
helps us to remember the direction of the emitter current. Notice
that the currents are pointed in opposite directions compared to
the npn BJT.
For biasing in the active mode, a possible circuit is
(Fig. 5.14b)
As with the npn, for the pnp BJT in the active mode and with the
current convention shown above
iC = iE
(5.16),(1)
iB = (1 ) iE
iC = iB
=
+1
=
(2)
(5.10),(3)
(5.19),(4)
(5.17),(5)
Whites, EE 320
Lecture 11
Page 3 of 8
Examples
Well now consider a few examples of the DC analysis of npn
and pnp BJT circuits.
(Fig. 5.15)
The design of this circuit is to determine the RC and RE that
provide the specified IC and VC.
For IC = 2 mA, then
15 VC
15 5
= 5 k.
= 2 mA or RC =
3
2 10
RC
Whites, EE 320
Lecture 11
Page 4 of 8
Were assuming that the transistor is in the active mode with the
EBJ forward biased and the CBJ reversed biased.
For the forward biased EBJ junction,
vBE
VT
iC = I S e
(5.3),(6)
Its given that at IC = 1 mA, VBE = 0.7 V. What is VBE when IC = 2
mA? Using (6) for two different iC and vBE we find that
vBE 1 vBE 2
i
iC1
v v
= e VT
or BE1 BE 2 = ln C1
iC 2
VT
iC 2
Therefore,
i
vBE 2 = vBE1 + VT ln C1
(7)
iC 2
For this particular case,
2
VBE 2 = 0.7 + 25 103 ln = 0.717 V
1
This is not much of an increase from 0.7 V, which is what we
typically observe when the BJT is in the active mode.
VE = 0.717 V
Consequently,
Next,
then
iC = iE iE =
IE =
iC
+1
i
C
100 + 1
2 mA or I E = 2.02 mA
100
Whites, EE 320
Lecture 11
Page 5 of 8
We can use this emitter current to select the proper resistor RE:
V ( 15 V )
IE = E
RE
0.717 + 15
or
RE =
= 7.07 k
2.02 103
Example N11.2 (text exercise 5.10). Determine IE, IB, IC, and VC
in the circuit below if = 50 and VE = -0.7 V.
(Fig. E5.10)
Whites, EE 320
Lecture 11
Page 6 of 8
IE =
(ii) Compute IC.
IC = I E =
0.7 ( 10 )
= 0.93 mA
10,000
+1
IE =
50
0.93 mA=0.91 mA
51
IC
0.91 mA
= 18.2 A
50
VC = 10 5,000 I C = 5.45 V
Whites, EE 320
Lecture 11
Page 7 of 8
(Fig. E5.11)
Because VEB = VE VB = 0.7 V, the pnp transistor may be
operating in the active mode, which is what we will assume.
(i) Determine and . Well use the relationships iC = iE and
iC = iB to determine and .
VB
1.0
=
= 10 A
100 103 100 103
10 1.7
IE =
= 1.66 mA
5,000
IB =
Using KCL:
I C = I E I B = 1.66 103 10 106 = 1.65 mA.
Therefore,
Whites, EE 320
Lecture 11
Page 8 of 8
I C 1.65 103
= =
= 165
6
IB
10 10
I C 1.65 103
= =
= 0.994
I E 1.66 103
and
Alternatively,
+1
= 0.994
or
Note that this VC means that the CBJ is reversed biased by the
voltage 1.0 ( 1.75 ) = 2.75 V. Hence, the active mode
operation for the pnp BJT is the proper assumption since weve
already determined that the EBJ is forward biased.