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Type I
Type II
Type III
10
Steps
1. One nozzle is fully blanked (big Boy), the rest
are plugged or restricted
2. Orient the blank nozzle to designed direction
3. Jetting the formation with hydraulic and with
none rotating pipe
4. Once the deviated hole pattern have been
formed, rotating pipe to make a new hole
5. Repeat the jetting/rotating sequence until
inclination is achieved
6. Good for soft and unconsolidated formations
7. Good for anti-collision purpose
11
Steps
1.
2.
3.
4.
12
14
DownholeTurbodrill
A turbine-type motor
Driven by the drilling fluid
- like the PDM
Rotation
Flow
Multi-stage blade-type
stator and rotor sections
Turbine motors are used both for directional drilling and straight-hole drilling.
Top Sub
Turbine Section
Stator/RotorOne Stage
Turbine Section
Typical
turbine
design.
Rotor (Rotating)
Stator (Stationary)
Bearing Section
PDC or Diamond Bit
16
DownholeTurbodrill
Number of rotor/stator sections
may vary from ~25 to 250
Stator remains stationary - its
main function is to deflect the
mud to the rotor blades
The rotor blades are connected
to the drive shaft, which is
connected to the bit
17
MWD
18
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
19
Building
Hole Angle
20
Holding
Hole Angle
21
PRESENT TECHNOLOGY
FOR ROTARY ASSY.
MONITORING
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
22
MONITORING
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
LATEST TECHNOLGY
FOR DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
An advanced BHA that steers itself
During continuous drill string.
Electronic control 3-pad Stabilizer on
the sleeve which is programmed well
Path controlling.
More smooth in well bore than drill
with Motor.
Product Propaganda
LATEST TECHNOLGY
FOR DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
MONITORING
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
24
25
26
Inclination Angle
q, a, I
Direction Angle
f, e, A
27
S23E
N18E
Azimuth
Angle
S20W
N55W
28
q, a, I
direction
f, e, A
measured depth
DMD, DL, L
29
A tool-face measurement is
required to orient:
A whipstock
The large nozzle on a jetting bit
30
MWD tools
31
Survey Methods
Single-Shot
32
Survey Methods
Multishot
33
Survey Methods
Steering Tools
34
Steering Tools:
When a mud motor with a bent sub is
used, it may be more economical to
run a steering tool than to
continuously run magnetic single
shot surveys.
An instrument probe is lowered by a
wireline unit and is seated in the
mule-shoe orienting sleeve.
35
Hole Direction
Tool
Face
L
o
90
R
o
90
180
32.7o
Drift
114o
Azimuth
Tool-face indicator
located on the drill floor
38
39
MWD
(Measurement While Drilling)
While drilling it is possible to transmit to
the surface downhole information on:
inclination
direction
tool-face angle
gamma ray
resistivity
temperature
weight on bit
torque on bit
sonic velocity
41
MWD - contd
Inclination, direction, and tool-face angle are
of particular interest in directional drilling. A
lower cost MWD tool can be used if only
directional drilling information is required.
Information is typically transmitted through
the mud column by:
+ ve or - ve pressure pulses, or
pressure pulse modulation
42
Recorder
Terminal Computer
Rig
Floor
Display
Mud Pump
Bypass
Valve and
Sensor
Package 43
In the BUILD
Section
Dx = r (1 - cos I)
I
Dy
Dy = r sin I
DL
r
I
Dx
DL = r Irad
p
DL = r Ideg
180
18,000
r=
p * BUR
47
48
r1 x 3 and r1 r2 x 4
49
r1 x 3 and r1 r2 x 4
50
3D Wells
51
I, A, DMD
52
53
54
* The actual well path hardly ever coincides with the planned
trajectory
* Important: Hit target within specified radius
55
CLOSURE
(HORIZONTAL)
DEPARTURE
LEAD ANGLE
56
Average Angle
Balanced Tangential
Minimum Curvature
Radius of Curvature
Tangential
57
A
B
C
D
Measured Depth
along the wellbore
ft
3,000
3,200
3,600
4,000
Inclination
Angle
I, deg
0
6
14
24
Azimuth
Angle
A, deg
20
6
20
80
Based on known coordinates for point C well calculate the coordinates of point D using the
above information.
58
N (y)
N
Dz
D
E (x)
D
Dy
Dx
59
A C = 20
ID = 24
A D = 80
61
IC = 14
A C = 20
I D = 24
A D = 80
N (y)
Dz
Dz
Dy D
E (x)
Dx
62
63
I1 I2
IAVG =
2
A AVG
A1 A 2
=
2
65
Dy = 84 ft
Dz = 378 ft
66
y = 1,000 + 84 = 1,084 ft
DMD
sin I1 cos A1 sin I2 cos A2
DNorth =
2
DEast =
DMD
cos I2 cos I1
DVert =
2
68
400
=
sin 14o sin 20o sin 24o sin 80o
2
Dx = 97 ft
69
400
o
o
o
o
=
sin 14 cos 20 sin 24 cos 80
2
Dy = 60 ft
70
cos ID cos IC
400
o
o
=
cos 24 cos 14
2
Dz = 377 ft
71
x = 1,000 + 97 = 1,097 ft
y = 1,000 + 60 = 1,060 ft
73
RF =
tan
DMD
sin I1 sin A1 sin I2 sin A2 RF
DEast =
2
DMD
sin I1 cos A1 sin I2 cos A2 RF
DNorth =
2
DMD
cos I1 cos I2 RF
DVert =
2
74
cos b = 0.9356
75
tan
b
2
20.67o
2
RF =
tan
0.3608
2
RF = 1.0110
76
400
o
o
o
o
=
sin 14 sin 20 sin 24 sin 80 1.0110
2
= 96 .66 * 1.011 = 98 ft
Dx = 98 ft
77
400
=
sin 14o cos 20o sin 24o cos 80o 1.0110
2
= 59 .59 * 1.011 = 60 ft
Dy = 60 ft
78
cos ID cos IC RF
400
o
o
=
cos 24 cos 14 1.0110
2
Dz = 381 ft
79
x = 1,000 + 98 = 1,098 ft
y = 1,000 + 60 = 1,060 ft
ID IC AD AC
p
24 14 80 20
p
o
Dx = 95 ft
81
(ID IC ) ( AD AC )
p
400(cos14 cos 24 )(sin 80 sin 20
=
(24 14)(80 20)
) 180
Dy = 80 ft
82
ID IC
p
400 (sin 24o sin 14o ) 180
=
24 14
p
Dz = 378 ft
83
x = 1,000 + 95 = 1,095 ft
y = 1,000 + 80 = 1,080 ft
IC = 14
A C = 20
ID = 24
A D = 80
Dx = 160 ft
85
Dy = 28 ft
= 400 cos 24
Dz = 365 ft
86
87
Average Angle
Balanced Tangential
Minimum Curvature
Radius of Curvature
Tangential Method
1,100
1,097
1,098
1,095
1,160
1,084
1,060
1,060
1,080
1,028
3,878
3,877
3,881
3,878
3,865
88
Question
Plan a build and hold trajectory where the
kick-off depth is at 2000, and the
target bulls-eye is 5500 from the
surface location at a TVD of 8100. Use
a build-up rate of 2 deg/100. Your plan
should include maximum inclination
angle, measured depth to the end of the
build and to the target depth and
horizontal departure to the end of the
89
build.