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322
I.
INTRODUCTION
where,
R response modification factors.
Ve base shear force.
Vd design base shear.
The factor R is an empirical response reduction factor
intended to account for damping, over strength, and the
ductility inherent in the structural system at displacements
great enough to surpass initial yield and approach the ultimate
load displacement of the structural system. The concept of a
response modification factor was proposed based on the
premise that well-detailed seismic framing systems could
sustain large inelastic deformations without collapse (ductile
behavior) and develop lateral strengths in excess of their
design strength (often termed reserve strength). Engineering
practice benefited from these facts of structural behavior.
Along with some major assumptions and experiences R
factor is first introduced in ATC-3-06 in 1978, served to
reduce the base shear force (Ve) calculated by elastic analysis
using a 5% damped acceleration response spectrum for the
purpose of calculating a design base shear (Vd). R factors are
widely used; integrated into the static elastic analysis of
structures to account for inelastic response. Major static
analysis routines are Equivalent Lateral Force Method and
Response Spectrum Method; in both procedures R factors are
utilized to calculate the design base shear. One of the most
important assumptions of both methods is that the inelastic
response quantities are tried to be approximated by the use of
elastic analysis tools just by introducing a factor. The use of
Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Architecture and Civil Engineering (AARCV 2012), 21st 23rd June 2012
Paper ID SAM191, Vol. 1
LITERATURE REVIEW
Kim and Choi studied the over strength, ductility, and the
response modificationfactors of the 21 special concentric
braced steel frames and 9 ordinary concentric braced frames
with various stories and span lengths were evaluated by
performing pushover analyses. The over strength factors
increased as the structures height decreased and the span
length increased. In SCBFs, the factors turned out to be 1.9 to
3.2 for a 6m span, 2.4 to 4.1 for an 8m span, and 2.5 to 4.7 for
a 10 m span. In OCBFs, factors were found close to 1.5 for all
configurations.
Lee, Cho and Ko investigated over strength factors and
plastic rotation demands for 5, 10, 15 story R/C buildings
designed in low and high seismicity regions utilizing three
dimensional pushover analysis. One of their conclusions is
that the over strength factors in low seismicity regions are
larger than those of highseismicity regions for structures
designed with the same response modification factor. They
have reported factors ranging from 2.3 to 8.3.
323
Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Architecture and Civil Engineering (AARCV 2012), 21st 23rd June 2012
Paper ID SAM191, Vol. 1
IV.
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
324
2ND
3RD
ZONE-IV
ZONE-V
0.8
4
2.1
3
1.9
7
1.2
9
0.5
7
1.4
2
1.3
1
0.8
5
0.4
3
1.0
7
0.9
9
0.6
4
0.3
5
0.8
6
0.7
9
0.5
1
0.2
8
0.7
1
0.6
6
0.4
3
1.2
9
3.2
2
2.9
6
1.9
3
0.8
6
2.1
3
1.9
8
1.2
8
0.6
3
1.6
2
1.4
8
0.9
7
0.5
0
1.2
0.4
3
1.0
7
0.9
9
0.6
5
1.1
8
0.7
8
Time period
3-storry
0.4375
9-storry
0.9251
20-storry
1.6471
2
0.76
2.19
2.81
2.91
2.88
2.69
2.41
1.99
1.51
0.99
3
0.50
1.40
1.76
1.77
1.66
1.50
1.30
1.08
0.79
0.54
ZONE-IV
4
5
0.38 0.31
1.05 0.85
1.32 1.05
1.33 1.06
1.25 0.99
1.12 0.89
0.95 0.78
0.80 0.64
0.59 0.48
0.40 0.31
6
0.25
0.69
0.86
0.87
0.81
0.74
0.64
0.52
0.39
0.26
Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Architecture and Civil Engineering (AARCV 2012), 21st 23rd June 2012
Paper ID SAM191, Vol. 1
STOREY
RMF
GF
1ST
2ND
3RD
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
2
1.13
3.19
3.93
3.95
3.70
3.35
2.91
2.43
1.80
1.17
3
0.75
2.16
2.64
2.65
2.49
2.23
1.96
1.59
1.21
0.80
ZONE-V
4
0.58
1.61
1.98
1.99
1.87
1.69
1.46
1.21
0.91
0.60
STORRY
5
0.45
1.27
1.59
1.57
1.49
1.35
1.17
0.96
0.72
0.47
6
0.37
1.05
1.30
1.31
1.22
1.11
0.97
0.79
0.59
0.39
RMF
GF
1ST
2ND
3RD
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
325
ZONE-IV
4
0.23
0.72
1.13
1.34
1.43
1.45
1.44
1.41
1.37
1.35
1.30
1.27
1.23
1.17
1.10
1.03
0.95
0.83
0.72
0.62
0.51
0.15
0.48
0.72
0.89
0.95
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.92
0.89
0.86
0.83
0.80
0.78
0.74
0.69
0.63
0.55
0.48
0.40
0.34
0.11
0.37
0.55
0.67
0.71
0.73
0.72
0.71
0.69
0.67
0.66
0.64
0.61
0.58
0.55
0.51
0.47
0.41
0.36
0.30
0.26
0.10
0.30
0.47
0.57
0.63
0.66
0.67
0.66
0.67
0.66
0.65
0.63
0.61
0.57
0.54
0.50
0.45
0.39
0.34
0.29
0.24
0.07
0.24
0.37
0.44
0.47
0.48
0.47
0.46
0.45
0.44
0.43
0.42
0.40
0.38
0.36
0.34
0.31
0.27
0.24
0.20
0.17
RMF
GF
1ST
2ND
3RD
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
ZONE-V
4
0.35
1.08
1.68
2.01
2.13
2.20
2.16
2.12
2.07
2.01
1.96
1.90
1.83
1.76
1.66
1.56
1.41
1.26
1.08
0.91
0.76
0.24
0.73
1.12
1.34
1.42
1.44
1.43
1.41
1.38
1.34
1.29
1.26
1.22
1.17
1.11
1.03
0.94
0.83
0.72
0.60
0.51
0.18
0.55
0.84
1.01
1.07
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.04
1.01
0.98
0.95
0.92
0.88
0.82
0.77
0.71
0.63
0.55
0.46
0.39
0.14
0.43
0.66
0.80
0.85
0.87
0.86
0.84
0.83
0.80
0.78
0.76
0.74
0.70
0.66
0.61
0.57
0.51
0.44
0.37
0.31
0.11
0.36
0.55
0.66
0.70
0.72
0.71
0.70
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.60
0.58
0.55
0.51
0.47
0.41
0.36
0.30
0.25
Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Architecture and Civil Engineering (AARCV 2012), 21st 23rd June 2012
Paper ID SAM191, Vol. 1
326
Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Architecture and Civil Engineering (AARCV 2012), 21st 23rd June 2012
Paper ID SAM191, Vol. 1
327
[3]
CONCLUSIONS
[4]
[5]