Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Folder 96
September 2013
DCO-DT-000-ZZZZZ-091500
Table of contents
Page number
Executive summary......................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.1
3.2
3.3
4.2
5.2
5.3
5.4
General ................................................................................................................ 14
6.2
6.3
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 21
Appendices .............................................................................................................................. 22
Appendix A - Drawings .................................................................................................. 23
Appendix B Calculations ............................................................................................. 24
Appendix C - Risk Register ............................................................................................ 25
Appendix D Inspection Report .................................................................................... 26
Printed 04/04/2012
List of figures
Page number
Figure 1: Plan of the Thames Tunnel and the crossing with the UKPN Battersea B Cable
Tunnel. ..................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 2: Section on interface of UKPN Battersea B Cable Tunnel and Thames Tunnel ......... 5
Figure 3: Tunnel crown and invert vertical movement ............................................................ 11
Figure 4: Imposed incremental radius of curvature ................................................................. 12
Figure 5: Assessment procedure transverse direction ........................................................... 14
Figure 6: Interaction diagram of existing conditions ............................................................... 16
Figure 7: Interaction diagram including Thames Tunnel works .............................................. 17
Figure 8: Assessment procedure Longitudinal direction....................................................... 18
List of tables
Page number
ii
Printed 04/04/2012
Executive summary
Thames Water is currently progressing with its planned Tideway improvements. The
improvement works consists of the construction of two new tunnels, the Thames Tunnel and
the Lee Tunnel, together with a programme of sewer upgrades. Construction of the proposed
Thames Tunnel (TT), an 8.1m 8.8m excavated diameter tunnel, stretching approximately
23km for much of its route under the River Thames from West London to Abbey Mills is due
to commence in 2016.
This report assesses the likely ground movements that may arise from construction of the
Thames Tunnel works and the impacts on the UK Power Networks (UKPN) Battersea B
Power Station cable tunnel. The Thames Tunnel will pass directly beneath the Battersea B
tunnel with a vertical clearance of approximately 18.5m. The interface is located below the
River Thames near the Battersea Power Station in the borough of Wandsworth.
Using conservative estimates of the likely ground movements that may arise from
construction of the Thames Tunnel works, the impact on the Battersea B tunnel has been
assessed. The calculations indicate that the tunnel will settle by a maximum of 17.8mm and
be subjected to a minimum radius of curvature of approximately 17.5km.
The assessment has been based on a number of assumptions regarding the tunnel lining
material, properties and geometry. Additional information on the tunnel lining geometry was
obtained during a visual inspection carried out on the 15 March 2012. The visual inspection
indicated that the cast iron segments are in a good condition. The tunnel was dry at the time of
the inspection and even though there were limited signs of water ingress, a number of
stalactites may indicate that water has been present at some point. The tunnel lining and bolts
exhibit varying degrees of corrosion but it is considered that the corrosion is mainly
superficial with only minimal loss of structural section and the structural capacity. However,
the impact of corrosion has been considered in the assessment and a condition factor of 0.9 is
adopted in accordance with LUL standard G-055 and 1-055.
The current assessment indicates that the impact on the Battersea B cable tunnel in both
transverse and longitudinal direction is within the existing lining capacity. The radial
deformations have been assessed using standardised methods and the resulting bending
moments and hoop thrusts have been assessed to be within acceptable limits. In the
longitudinal direction, the imposed distortions will result in the potential for opening up of
tunnel joints. Conservative estimates indicate that a gap of no more than 0.12mm could
potentially open up between the rings. Considering that the current water ingress in the tunnel
is limited and that the tunnel is founded in the relatively impermeable London Clay, it is not
anticipated that opening up of the joints will result in an increase of water ingress or impact
aversely on the tunnel or in-tunnel structures.
Printed 04/04/2012
Introduction
2.1
Site Description
The interface of the proposed Thames Tunnel and the Battersea B cable tunnel is located
below the River Thames, close to Battersea Power Station. The interface of the Thames
Tunnel with the Battersea cable tunnel is at approximate Thames Tunnel chainage 11400m
and UKPN chainage 575m (assuming 0m chainage starts at the shaft on the north
embankement).
The river bed level at the interface is at approximately 95.8mATD (ATD = Above Tunnel
Datum: 100mATD = 0 Ordnance Datum OD).
At the interface, the proposed 8.8m diameter Thames Tunnel will pass directly beneath the
Battersea B cable tunnel with a vertical clearance of approximately 18.5m. The Thames
Tunnel crosses the UKPN tunnel at an angle of approximately 40 with 90 being a
perpendicular interface.
Drawings obtained from the Thames Tunnel project team indicates that the Battersea B tunnel
consists of a 2.44m internal diameter tunnel. Photographic evidence suggests that the lining
consists of bolted cast iron segments and this was confirmed during the visual inspection.
The site location and position of the Thames Tunnel interface is shown in Figure 1 and
Figure 2.
Battersea B
Cable Tunnel
Thames Tunnel
Figure 1: Plan of the Thames Tunnel and the crossing with the UKPN Battersea B Cable
Tunnel.
Printed 04/04/2012
18.5m clearance
between Battersea B
cable tunnel and
Thames Tunnel crown
34.36
Battersea B Power Station
Cable Tunnel
(2.44m ID)
Thames Tunnel
Figure 2: Section on interface of UKPN Battersea B Cable Tunnel and Thames Tunnel
Printed 04/04/2012
Structure Details
3.1
Asset Details
The Battersea B cable tunnel was constructed after the end of the Second World War, when
construction began on the second phase of the power station, the B station. The station came
into operation gradually between 1953 and 1955, and it is believed that the tunnel was
completed no later than 1955.
The Battersea B cable tunnel is owned and operated by UKPN. The tunnel runs between the
Battersea B power station and a remote shaft on the north embankment at Chelsea Bridge
Road
Limited information about the asset has been obtained from archive drawings and Thames
Tunnel alignment drawings received from the Thames Tunnel project team. Further
information was also gathered from a visual inspection undertaken on the 15 March 2012.
The information is summarised below in Table 1.
Classification
Asset Name
Asset Owner
Built
UKPN Chainage at interface
Dimensions
Type
River Bed Level
Crown Level
Invert Level
Available/received Surveys
Description
Battersea B Cable Tunnel
UKPN
1953-1955
Approximately 575m
2.44m ID
Bolted cast iron segments
95.8m ATD
87.3m ATD
84.3m ATD
Visual inspection carried out by Arup on the
15 March 2012.
The material properties of the lining cannot be determined based on the available information.
In order to undertake the structural assessment, parameters are based on data for standard
LUL cast iron segmental linings of the same diameter as specified in Section 4.
A risk register included in Appendix B outlines assumed lining assumptions.
3.2
Asset Condition
The visual inspection indicated that cast iron segments are in a good condition and the tunnel
was dry at the time of the inspection. There are however a large number of stalactites of
varying sizes throughout the tunnel which may indicate that water has been present at some
point. The segments also show signs of corrosion but it is considered that the corrosion is
mainly superficial with only minimal loss of structural section and the structural capacity.
Findings from the inspection have been summarised in the inspection report in Appendix D.
Printed 04/04/2012
3.3
3.3.1
Construction programme
A detailed construction programme for the bored tunnel is yet to be confirmed, however, it is
understood that construction work is due to start in 2016.
3.3.2
The main Thames Tunnel at the Battersea B cable tunnel interface is currently planned to be
7.2m internal diameter with a primary and secondary lining giving an effective 8.5m external
diameter and an excavated cut diameter of 8.8m.
The Thames Tunnel in this location is anticipated to be constructed using an Earth Pressure
Balance (EPB) style or Slurry style Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM), using a precast segmental
lining. The tunnel axis is at approximately 61.0m ATD and the TBM is anticipated to
encounter the London Clay strata from crown to axis and Lambeth Group strata from axis to
invert, at the interface with the UKPN tunnel.
Printed 04/04/2012
Material Properties
4.1
Lining Details
Since no as-built information has been provided at the time of the assessment, certain key
parameters are based on typical material properties for standard cast iron tunnel linings. The
assumed parameters will have to be confirmed by the asset owner. Available data from
drawings and from the visual inspection are summarised in Table 2 below.
Table 2: Tunnel lining geometry and assumed key parameters
Dimension/property
Internal diameter
No. of segments
Ring width
Flange depth
Flange thickness
Plate/skin thickness
Cast iron Youngs Modulus
Cast iron compressive strength
Cast iron tensile strength
Number of radial bolts per joint
Number of circumferential bolts
per joint
Bolt length
Bolt diameter
Value
2.44m (8ft)
Ring 1-77: 7 (6 + 1Key)
Ring 78 - to shaft: 7 segments
508mm
95mm
28mm
26mm
100,000MPa 12.5%
150 N/mm
38 N/mm
3
Notes
1
1
135mm
25mm
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
1
Notes:
4.2
1.
Visual inspection carried out on the 15 March 2012 as part of the Thames Tunnel
project.
2.
Assumed dimensions based on similar size cast iron segmental tunnel linings.
3.
Segment properties based on LUL standards for cast iron lined tunnels.
Ground Conditions
A review of available borehole logs has been undertaken in order to establish ground
conditions at the Thames Tunnel interface. The review has also assessed whether geological
features such as scour hollows are likely to be present that may affect the tunnel construction.
It is important to establish whether geological anomalies are present since it can impact on
tunnelling construction and the volume loss which can be achieved.
The geological sequence at the proposed main Thames Tunnel / Battersea cable tunnel
crossing is based on borehole SR2065 and SR2066 located in the River Thames on either side
of Grosvenor Bridge, to the west of the cable tunnel. These boreholes were drilled by Fugro in
June 2010 as part of the Thames Tunnel Phase 2 Project.
Printed 04/04/2012
Quaternary
Palaeogene
Cretaceous
Made Ground
River Terrace Deposits
Eocene
Thames
London
Group
Clay
Formation
Harwich
Formation
Palaeocene
Lambeth Woolwich Upper
Group
Formation Shelly
Beds
Reading
Upper
Formation Mottled
Beds
Woolwich Laminated
Formation beds
Reading
Lower
Formation Mottled
Beds
Upnor
Formation
Thanet Sand
Formation
Bullhead
Beds
White Chalk Subgroup
Seaford
White
Chalk
Chalk
Formation Subgroup
SR2066
96.5-94.7
94.7-60.8
60.3-60.2
60.8-60.7
60.2-58.6
60.7-58.3
58.6-53.5
58.3-53.2
53.5-52.3
53.2-52.3
52.3-45.4
52.3-44.2
45.4-42.7
44.2-42.3
42.7-29.9
29.9-29.7
42.3-30.6
30.6-30.5
29.7 (END)
30.5 (END)
The above assessment confirms that the borehole data is in agreement with Thames Tunnels
ground model, which has been used in the assessment.
Detailed Assessment of Ground
Movement Effects on UKPN Battersea B
Power Station Cable Tunnel
Printed 04/04/2012
Assessment Criteria
5.1
The ground movement assessment of the UKPN tunnel has assessed end of construction
displacements caused by construction of the Thames Tunnel. The magnitude and distribution
of these ground movements are a function of many factors such as geotechnical properties of
the ground, construction sequence and program, and the overall standard of workmanship.
The assessment of ground movement assumes that a high standard of workmanship is
adopted by the Contractor. This is assured by review and approval by all relevant parties of
the contractors method statements. Nonetheless, a conservative approach has been adopted in
the selection of input parameters, with the result that this assessment represents a moderately
conservative estimate of ground movement effects.
5.2
Analytical method
Sub-surface greenfield ground movements are calculated using empirical methods (Mair et
al., 1993 and Taylor, 1995) where a settlement trough perpendicular to the new tunnel can be
estimated using an inverted normal probability curve (Gaussian curve). The three dimensional
form of movement is calculated using the Attewell & Woodman (1982) methodology.
Unless otherwise stated ground movements discussed in this report represent greenfield
values that is, it is assumed that overlying or adjacent structures have no influence on the
magnitude or distribution of the estimated movements at foundation level. This is a
conservative, simplifying assumption and the stiffness of individual structures and their depth
of embedment may reduce structural deformations.
The estimated ground movements at the asset location are derived from the Oasys software
Xdisp.
5.3
Assessment assumptions
The borehole review, described in Section 4.2, confirms that the UKPN cable tunnel is
located within the London Clay. The Thames Tunnel is located within both the London Clay
and the Lambeth Group stratum. Since there is no evidence from the borehole review that
scour hollows or other geological anomalies are present, the moderately conservative
volume loss parameter as specified by the Thames Tunnel project team is deemed appropriate
for the ground movement assessment.
Table 4: Ground movement assessment parameters
Assessment parameters
Volume Loss (Thames Tunnel main tunnel)
Value
1.0%
0.5
10
Printed 04/04/2012
5.4
In order to determine the imposed deformation of the UKPN cable tunnel for the structural
assessment in Section 6, greenfield vertical ground movements have been calculated along
the tunnel at levels corresponding to the crown and invert. These levels are intrados positions
of the tunnel. The estimated settlement along the UKPN tunnel is presented graphically in
Figure 3.
TU003 Battersea B
Vertical displacement at crown and invert
-2
200
400
600
800
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Tunnel Crown
Tunnel Invert
The estimated ground movements have been used to assess the following tunnel
deformations, assuming the tunnel moves freely with the ground:
Worst case radius of curvature imposed on the tunnel in the hogging and sagging
zones in the longitudinal direction.
5.4.1
The diametrical distortion, i.e. the change in diameter divided by the original tunnel diameter,
of a tunnel lining due to ground loading will result in either an increase of the vertical
diameter and a decrease of the horizontal diameter (elongation) or an increase of the
horizontal diameter and a decrease of the vertical diameter (squat).
11
Printed 04/04/2012
Invert
17.8mm
16.6mm
1.2mm
Diametrical
distortion
0.04%
5.4.2
The worst case imposed radius of curvature in the longitudinal direction, Rimposed, has been
calculated based on the Greenfield settlement profile along the tunnel invert level.
The critical mode of longitudinal deformation is where the tunnel deforms (bends) within a
sagging or a hogging zone. The radius of curvature has been calculated considering
incremental radii of curvature between the points of inflection. The tightest imposed radius of
curvature, Rimposed has been calculated as the minimum of these values, as illustrated in
Figure 4 below.
L is the cumulative distance between the incremental intervals and is the magnitude of
displacement between the points.
12
Printed 04/04/2012
13
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Structural Assessment
6.1
General
The structural assessment of the bolted cast iron lined UKPN tunnel considers existing
conditions and additional conditions due to construction of the Thames Tunnel.
The estimated vertical distortion (difference between crown and invert maximum vertical
movements) is considered when assessing the change in lining stresses while the imposed
radius of curvature is considered when assessing the potential for opening up of tunnel joints
and bolts.
6.2
The structural assessment is based on assumed material properties and tunnel geometry since
no as-built information has been provided at the time of writing of this assessment. The
assumed parameters are summarised in Section 4.1.
6.3
Analytical method
6.3.1
14
Printed 04/04/2012
6.3.2
The lining capacity envelope is determined by plotting an interaction diagram. The interaction
diagram can be plotted, by computing the bending moment and hoop force values. This
provides an envelope which defines the limit of the cast iron lining capacity. Lining
dimensions and cast iron grade are parameters that impact on the capacity envelope. The
interaction diagram for the Battersea B tunnel is based on the parameters summarised in
Section 4.1.
6.3.3
The existing stresses, which do not include the effect of the Thames Tunnel works, are
calculated using Duddeck and Erdmann (1985). Tunnel stresses using Duddeck and Erdmann
are assumed to be in a continuous elastic environment and therefore, it does not take into
account any volume lost or relaxation of the ground. However, the number of assumptions
made in this report, collectively produce a conservative assessment of the stresses in the
tunnel lining.
The existing stresses are calculated in accordance with a number of assumed parameters.
These are presented in Table 7.
Table 7: Assumed key parameters
K0=0.7
No additional surcharge since interface is
located below the River Thames
See below
For the calculations presented in this report two ground water pressure profiles has been
assumed, a hydrostatic ground water pressure profile and zero pore water pressure at the
tunnel axis. The result included in Appendix B is for the most conservative case assuming
zero pore water pressure at the tunnel axis.
Changes in horizontal stress and a reduction of K0 following tunnel construction are likely to
have resulted in the UKPN cable tunnel having a squatted tunnel profile. Since no
dimensional survey records have been obtained, the existing distortion is calculated from the
maximum radial displacement derived from the Duddeck and Erdmann equations. Based on a
maximum radial displacement of 2.76mm, the existing diametrical distortion equates to
0.23% using the Duddeck and Erdmann equations. The Thames Tunnel will then impose
0.04% ovalisation (elongation, i.e. crown to invert distance increases) as discussed in Section
5.4.1.
The maximum bending moment, and hoop force derived from the Duddeck and Erdmann
equations are 8.73kNm/m and 442kN/m respectively and these are plotted in the interaction
diagram to confirm that design assumptions are reasonable as the plotted values should fall
inside the diagram, see Figure 6.
15
Printed 04/04/2012
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
6.3.4
The tunnel cross-sectional distortion calculated from vertical greenfield ground movements
equates to a maximum of 0.04% ovalisation as specified in Table 5. Since the existing UKPN
tunnel is likely to have a non-perfect build lining, i.e. the ring may have squatted
during/since construction; the calculated ovalisation will potentially counterbalance the squat
and will therefore not superpose any additional adverse effect on the lining structural
capacity.
This is assessed by using the calculated ovalisation as an input to determine the change in
bending moment in the UKPN tunnel. The calculated ovalisation of 0.04% is subtracted from
the existing diametrical distortion of 0.23%. Using Morgans equations (1961), the final
maximum factored bending moment in the tunnel lining will be 7.5kNm/m. For the purpose
of the structural assessment the ovalisation due to the Thames Tunnel works is considered to
occur in any plane of the tunnel.
6.3.5
Check that the axial force/bending moment remains within the capacity envelope
The factored hoop force calculated by Duddeck and Erdmann and the factored bending
moment described in section 6.3.3 are plotted together in the interaction diagram. If the
16
Printed 04/04/2012
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
17
Printed 04/04/2012
In the longitudinal direction, the UKPN tunnel lining is assessed based on the procedure
presented in Figure 8.
Figure 8: Assessment procedure Longitudinal direction
st
1 CHECK
nd
CHECK
6.3.7
The method is based on calculating the extreme fibre strains at the extrados of the lining and
the resulting bolt stress using beam bending theory. This method assumes bending mode only
and does not account for shearing due to horizontal axial movement. It should be noted that
the imposed radius of curvature is predominately used for an initial screening assessment to
establish whether the bolts and lining needs further analysis. If the factor of safety of the bolts
and lining is greater than 1, no further assessment is proposed at this stage. However, if the
factor of safety is less than 1, further analysis will be undertaken to look at the performance of
the bolts and flanges in more detail.
18
Printed 04/04/2012
Where:
skin = skin strain at limiting allowable bolt stress
bolt = bolt strain at limiting allowable bolt stress
Lbolt = length of bolt under tension
Lskin = circumferential width of tunnel segment
Based on the critical imposed radius of curvature in the sagging mode of 17.5km, the bolt
lining stresses required to accommodate this curvature is as follows:
Table 8: Imposed bolt and lining stresses
Distortion mode
Imposed radius of curvature R (m)
Imposed bolt stress (N/mm)
Bolt stress factor of safety1
Imposed lining stress (N/mm)
Lining stress factor of safety2
Sagging
17500
77.1
4.0
6.2
22.1
Notes:
1
The existing stresses in the bolts are unknown and the analysis is based on
comparing the imposed stress with the ultimate bolt tensile stress. The ultimate
tensile stress (including a condition factor) is 342 N/mm2 x 0.9= 307.8N/mm2
The ultimate lining tensile stress = 4 x permissible stress with a lining condition
factor of 0.9 = 4 x 0.9 x 38 = 136.8N/mm
The imposed stresses on the bolt in Table 8 present the limiting case with the calculated bolt
stress, in the sagging mode of distortion, having a factor of safety of 4 in relation to the
ultimate bolt stress of 307.8 N/mm2 (this relates to bolts at the extreme fibre in the invert).
Since the factor of safety is greater than 1, the impact on the discharge tunnel lining and bolts,
due to the Thames Tunnel works, is considered to be minor and no further assessment will be
undertaken.
6.3.8
The tunnel lining is assessed by examining the maximum gap that can occur between two
rings. The imposed radius of curvature is used to calculate the maximum gap due to bending
which may open up between rings.
Gap = (bxR)/(R-) - b
Where b = overall width of section
R = imposed radius of curvature
= External diameter
19
Printed 04/04/2012
In house structures
The Battersea B tunnel houses in tunnel structures such as brackets and a limited number of
communication cables. Based on the calculated ground movement, the impact on any in
tunnel structures is considered likely to be negligible.
20
Printed 04/04/2012
Conclusion
21
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Appendices
Appendices
22
Printed 29/03/2012
Appendices
Appendix A - Drawings
23
Printed 29/03/2012
NOTE:
1. VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IS SHOWN
EXAGGERATED BY A FACTOR OF 500.
2. DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING
87.29
84.29
34.81
17.8mm
BATTERSEA B POWER
STATION CABLE TUNNEL
(3.0M ID)
ID
GEOTECHNICAL KEY:
SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS
AND MADE GROUND
LONDON CLAY
FORMATION
LAMBETH GROUP
THANET SAND FORMATION
CHALK GROUP
0m
LONGITUDINAL SECTION THAMES TUNNEL AT BATTERSEA B POWER STATION CABLE TUNNEL (TU003)
10m
20m
40m
N
1m
10
D
AT
D
m AT
3
0
1
Status:
FOR INFORMATION
0m
10
95m
ATD
Keyplan:
D
m AT
2
0
1
D
AT
94
m
A
TD
THIS DRAWING
D
AT
SA1096
AT
D
SR2073
SR2072
SR2071
O HACKNEY
SEAT
CHEL
AND
SANDL
T
MI
I
NEL
I
L
O
ECTT
SUBJ
ON.
I
RMAT
I
CONF
D
m AT
7
9
SR1092
SR1089
SR2069
9
5
m
AT
D
SR1087
SR1087A
SR2067
9
5
mA
TD
SR2063
SR2064
SA1084
PR1081
BP1
9
7
m AT
D
KEY
MAIN TUNNEL
D
AT
83m ATD
89m ATD
96m ATD
TD
A 85m ATD
m
D
95
AT
m
4
D
9
AT
m
93
AT
D
9
8
m AT
D
GEOTECHNICAL KEY
SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS
AND MADE GROUND
THAMES GROUP
LAMBETH GROUP
CHALK GROUP
LOWER AQUAFER
PEIZOMETRIC ELEVATION
M ATCHLI
NE
TU004 BATTERSEA
APOW ER
STATI
ON CABLE TUNNEL
TU022 BATTERSEA
BPOW ER STN.
DI
SCHARGE TUNNEL (
LEVEL TBC)
99
m
100.0m
CONTOUR
AREA OF SCOUR
HW1
TU003 BATTERSEA
BPOW ER
STATI
ON CABLE TUNNEL
CHELSEA TO HACKNEY LI
NE
LI
MI
TS AND LAND SUBJECT
TO CONFI
RM ATI
ON.
CT06X -RANELAGH
CONNECTI
ON TUNNEL
m
96
AJ
INDICATIVE
WATER LEVEL
MID-LAMBETH HIATUS
100 m
400 m
SCALE 1 : 5000
90.0m
10 m
100 m
80.0m
SCALE 1 : 1000
Revision History
70.0m
Iss
Description
Dsgnr
Chkd
Appd
Date
TNEW
JHAR
13/03/2012
MAIN TUNNEL
60.0m
TNEW
on
fi
de
nt
ia
l
50.0m
30.0m
20.0m
10.0m
L 75.0m
R 1000.0m
L 109.3m L 38.7m
L 1101.0m
R 1000.0m
L 146.0m
R 600.0m
L 398.8m
L 333.9m
L 94.6m
L 199.5m
HORIZONTAL
GEOMETRY
N/A
VERTICAL
Project Group:
56.
848
Location / Town:
LONDON
Site Name:
00000 - ROUTEWIDE
12050
12000
11950
11900
11850
11800
11750
11700
11650
11600
11550
11500
11450
11400
11350
11300
11250
11200
11150
11100
11050
11000
10950
10900
10850
10800
10750
10700
10650
10600
10550
10500
10450
10400
10350
10300
10250
10200
10150
10100
10050
10000
9950
9900
9850
9800
9750
9700
9650
9600
9550
9500
9450
9400
9350
9300
9250
9200
9150
9100
9050
9000
8950
8900
8850
CHAINAGE
100
Project Name:
Drawn By:
MSTE
UBR
Sub Process:
WASTE
ra
ft
56.
912
56.
975
57.
039
57.
102
57.
165
57.
229
57.
292
57.
355
57.
419
57.
482
57.
545
57.
609
57.
672
57.
736
57.
799
57.
862
57.
926
57.
989
58.
052
58.
116
58.
179
58.
243
58.
306
58.
369
58.
433
58.
496
58.
559
58.
623
58.
686
58.
750
58.
813
58.
876
58.
940
59.
003
59.
066
59.
130
59.
193
59.
257
59.
320
59.
383
59.
447
59.
510
59.
573
59.
637
59.
700
59.
763
59.
827
59.
890
59.
954
60.
017
60.
080
60.
144
60.
207
60.
270
60.
334
60.
397
60.
461
60.
524
60.
587
60.
651
60.
714
60.
777
INVERT
60.
841
60.
904
PROPOSED
Security Reference:
BNG
SLOPE = -1:-789
GEOMETRY
an
d
Location Code:
50
R 1000.0m
L 140.8m
L 168.3m
100
150
40.0m
THAMES TUNNEL
Contract Name:
100-DA-GEO-00000-601303
PLOTTED ON
14/03/2012
BY
Matthew.streeter
LOCATION :
C:\PW exports\100-DA-GEO-00000-601303.dgn
Scale:
1:5000
Sheet Size:
A1
Rev:
AA
200m m
D
95m AT
100-DO-DES-00000-017423
SA1086
SA1082
86m ATD
D
AT
FILE NUMBER
93m ATD
110.0m
ELEVATI
ON
LTTDT
PR1085
m
95
120.0m
ORIGINATOR
TREND LI
NE FAULTS
I
NFERRED
AT
D
94
m
SR5003
87m ATD
(SCALE 1:5000)
AM
SR1083
PLAN
100-DO-DES-00000-017402
MODEL INFORMATION :
95m ATD
D
AT
FILE NUMBER
TREND LI
NE FAULTS
A
T
D
LTTDT
SH11X -KI
RTLI
NG
STREET SHAFT
9
6
m
CH.12000.
00
TD
A
SH11X - KIRTLING
STREET SHAFT
ORIGINATOR
I
NDI
CATI
VE FAULTS
D
AT
9
4
m AT
D
F
O VE
E RI
NC S D
I
PRALE
W
M ATCHLI
NE
D
AT
TU003 BATTERSEA B
POWER STATION
CABLE TUNNEL
m
95
AT
D
9
7
m AT
D
D
T
A
95
m
94m ATD
BP2
D
m AT
6
9
130.0m
9
6
m AT
D
m
96
m
7
9
93m ATD
A
T
D
TU004 BATTERSEA A
POWER STATION
CABLE TUNNEL
m
96
95m ATD
F
O
R
N
o. C
10 O
0- NT
I
D
A NU
A
G
E TI
N
O
00 N
00 SE
0- E
00 D
70 RG
93
SR2078
MODEL INFORMATION :
m
5
9
CH
.8
50
0.
00
9
5
m
SR2065
m
94
H.
11
5
00
.
00
SR2066
D
T
A
BR009
GROSVENOR
RAIL BRIDGE
SR2077
SR2068
BR008 CHELSEA
BRIDGE
C SR2076
H
.9
00
0.
00
9
5
mA
TD
94m ATD
SR1088A
PR1088
PR1090
SR2075
CT06X - RANELAGH
CONNECTION
TUNNEL
SR1091
BR007 ALBERT
BRIDGE
BR006 BATTERSEA
BRIDGE
SA1097
D
AT
CH.
110
00.
00
SR2070
SR2074
SA1098
D
AT
TD
mA
8
9
PR1094
CH.1050
0.
00
00
00.
.95
CH.1000
0.
00
CH
SR1095
m
99
TWRM
F
O
o RC
.
1
0 ON
0
-D T
A INU
-G
A
E
T
N
I
-0 O N
0
0 S
0
0 EE
-0
0 DR
7
0 G
9
5
98
m
m
0
0
1
A
TD
m
98
D
AT
98
m
m
99
D
T
mA
1
0
1
Appendices
Appendix B Calculations
24
Printed 29/03/2012
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Lining Assessment 215748-20
Spreadsheet
Job Title
1.0
Sheet No.
Rev.
1.0
Member/Location
Drg. Ref.
Made by
LN
Date
YL
23-Mar-12 Chd.
Input Data
Materials
7 200
6
60
0.9
MPa
N/mm
N/mm
MPa
mm
mm
mm,
mm
mm
mm
mm
kg/m3
mm
from: rib 1, t1 =
rib 2, t2 =
rib 3, t3 =
25
0
25
mm
mm
mm
from LU G-055
Loading
GL= 95.84 mTD
GWL = 61.02 mTD
Tunnel axis level = 85.79 mTD
3
Unit weight of soil =
20 kN/m
K = 0.7
Surface surcharge = 85.936 kPa
Partial factor on overburden = 1.2
Partial factor on surcharge = 1.2
Vertical Pressure at the Axis
Horizontal Pressure at the Axis
Factored Loads
344.323
0
344.323
241.026
241.026
Pfv=
Pfh=
344.32 kPa
241.03 kPa
Unfactored Loads
286.94 (vert. tot stress)
0
(pwp)
286.94 (vert eff. Stress)
200.85 (hor. eff. stress)
200.85 (hor. tot. stress)
mm
mm
2
Cross sectional area, Abolt = 490.87 mm
Number of circumferential bolts =
35
Number of radial bolts =
21
25
135
342
137
N/mm
N/mm
190
1.2
N
GPa
Input data
Sheet No.
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Lining Assessment 215748-20
Spreadsheet
Job Title
3.1
Drg. Ref.
Made by
3.1
0
Member/Location
Rev.
0
LN
Date
23-Mar-12 Chd.
YL
Duddeck and Erdmann analysis (Ie) - consider the effect of panels for lining stiffness
Input parameters:
Ground:
Lining:
Loading:
Elastic Modulus
Poisson's Ratio
Radius of Centroid
Elastic Modulus
Effective Moment of Inertia
Sectional Area
Ec=
40
n=
0.20
ro= 1.31075
E= 120656
Ie= 1.50E-05
A= 0.03547
Factored Loads
Vertical Pressure at the Axis
Pfv=
344.32
Horizontal Pressure at the Axis
Pfh=
241.03
MPa
m
MPa
m4/m
m2/m
Unfactored Loads
Puv= 286.94 kPa
Puh= 200.85 kPa
kPa
kPa
Theory:
The loading on the lining is calculated using the Duddeck and Erdmann analysis. These equations allow
either full bond between the lining and the ground, or tangential slip. This is selected below based on an
appreciation of the behaviour of the ground
Full bond specified
F
Duddeck and Erdmann Formulae
Full Bond
Tangential Slip
(sv-sh)R2
Maximum
bending
moment,M
4+
3-2n
E
. c
3(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
Constant radial
displacement
u0
Maximum radial
displacement
u2y
(sv-sh)R2
+
2
.
3(1+n)(3-4n)
EcR3
EJ
(sv+sh)R
2+ 2(1-n)(1-K0) EcR
(1-2n)(1+n) . EA
Average
hoop thrust
Nav
Variable
hoop thrust
Nvar
10-12n
3-4n
R3
2+
(sv-sh)R
4nEcR3/EJ
(3-4n)(12(1+n)+EcR3/EJ)
10-12n
3-4n
(sv-sh)R
+
2
.
3(1+n)(3-4n)
0.5(sv+sh)R2
(1-u)(1-K0)EcR3 + EA
(1-2u)(1+u)
Bending Moment+/M=
Average Hoop Thrust
Nav=
Variable Hoop Thrust+/- Nvar=
Constant Radial Displacement
Uo=
Max, Radial Displacement Umax=
Relative Flexibility Factor
Q2=
Design Shear(Lining/Ground)
T=
Moments and Hoop Stresses Induced in the Lining
factored maximum hoop load, Nfmax =
factored minimum hoop load, Nfmin =
unfactored maximum hoop load, Numax =
unfactored minimum hoop load, Numin =
factored maximum moment, Mfmax =
unfactored maximum moment, Mumax=
(sv-sh)R4/EJ
6(5-6n) +
2
E R3
. c
3-4n
(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
(sv-sh)R4/EJ
12+
3-2n
E R3
. c
(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
Results
EcR3
EJ
Factored
8.73
382.06
59.33
0.12
2.76
3.45
80.37
441
323
368
269
8.7
7.3
Unfactored
kNm/m
M=
7.28 kNm/m
kN/m
Nav= 318.60 kN/m
kN/m
Nvar=
49.44 kN/m
mm
Uo=
0.10 mm
mm
Umax=
2.30 mm
Q2=
3.45
kPa
T=
66.97 kPa
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
(or
(or
(or
(or
0.441
0.323
0.368
0.269
8.73
7.28
MN/m)
MN/m)
MN/m)
MN/m)
-8.73
-7.28
Sheet No.
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Lining Assessment 215748-20
Spreadsheet
Job Title
5.1
Drg. Ref.
Made by
5.1
0
Member/Location
Rev.
0
LN
Date
23-Mar-12 Chd.
YL
Comparison of actual loads with lining capacity: consider the effect of panels
The capacity graph from section 2.0 is reproduced here, with the loads calculated plotted on.
All loads are factored.
6.00
I=Ie
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Lining Assessment 215748-20
Spreadsheet
Job Title
1.0
Sheet No.
Rev.
1.0
Member/Location
Drg. Ref.
Made by
LN
Date
YL
23-Mar-12 Chd.
Input Data
Materials
7 200
6
60
0.9
MPa
N/mm
N/mm
MPa
mm
mm
mm,
mm
mm
mm
mm
kg/m3
mm
from: rib 1, t1 =
rib 2, t2 =
rib 3, t3 =
25
0
25
mm
mm
mm
from LU G-055
Loading
GL= 95.84 mTD
GWL = 61.02 mTD
Tunnel axis level = 85.79 mTD
3
Unit weight of soil =
20 kN/m
K = 0.7
Surface surcharge = 85.936 kPa
Partial factor on overburden = 1.2
Partial factor on surcharge = 1.2
Vertical Pressure at the Axis
Horizontal Pressure at the Axis
Factored Loads
344.323
0
344.323
241.026
241.026
Pfv=
Pfh=
344.32 kPa
241.03 kPa
Unfactored Loads
286.94 (vert. tot stress)
0
(pwp)
286.94 (vert eff. Stress)
200.85 (hor. eff. stress)
200.85 (hor. tot. stress)
mm
mm
2
Cross sectional area, Abolt = 490.87 mm
Number of circumferential bolts =
35
Number of radial bolts =
21
25
135
342
137
N/mm
N/mm
190
1.2
N
GPa
Input data
Sheet No.
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Lining Assessment 215748-20
Spreadsheet
Job Title
3.1
Drg. Ref.
Made by
3.1
0
Member/Location
Rev.
0
LN
Date
23-Mar-12 Chd.
YL
Duddeck and Erdmann analysis (Ie) - consider the effect of panels for lining stiffness
Input parameters:
Ground:
Lining:
Loading:
Elastic Modulus
Poisson's Ratio
Radius of Centroid
Elastic Modulus
Effective Moment of Inertia
Sectional Area
Ec=
40
n=
0.20
ro= 1.31072
E= 120656
Ie= 1.50E-05
A= 0.03515
Factored Loads
Vertical Pressure at the Axis
Pfv=
344.32
Horizontal Pressure at the Axis
Pfh=
241.03
MPa
m
MPa
m4/m
m2/m
Unfactored Loads
Puv= 286.94 kPa
Puh= 200.85 kPa
kPa
kPa
Theory:
The loading on the lining is calculated using the Duddeck and Erdmann analysis. These equations allow
either full bond between the lining and the ground, or tangential slip. This is selected below based on an
appreciation of the behaviour of the ground
Full bond specified
F
Duddeck and Erdmann Formulae
Full Bond
Tangential Slip
(sv-sh)R2
Maximum
bending
moment,M
4+
3-2n
E
. c
3(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
Constant radial
displacement
u0
Maximum radial
displacement
u2y
(sv-sh)R2
+
2
.
3(1+n)(3-4n)
EcR3
EJ
(sv+sh)R
2+ 2(1-n)(1-K0) EcR
(1-2n)(1+n) . EA
Average
hoop thrust
Nav
Variable
hoop thrust
Nvar
10-12n
3-4n
R3
2+
(sv-sh)R
4nEcR3/EJ
(3-4n)(12(1+n)+EcR3/EJ)
10-12n
3-4n
(sv-sh)R
+
2
.
3(1+n)(3-4n)
0.5(sv+sh)R2
(1-u)(1-K0)EcR3 + EA
(1-2u)(1+u)
Bending Moment+/M=
Average Hoop Thrust
Nav=
Variable Hoop Thrust+/- Nvar=
Constant Radial Displacement
Uo=
Max, Radial Displacement Umax=
Relative Flexibility Factor
Q2=
Design Shear(Lining/Ground)
T=
Moments and Hoop Stresses Induced in the Lining
factored maximum hoop load, Nfmax =
factored minimum hoop load, Nfmin =
unfactored maximum hoop load, Numax =
unfactored minimum hoop load, Numin =
factored maximum moment, Mfmax =
unfactored maximum moment, Mumax=
(sv-sh)R4/EJ
6(5-6n) +
2
E R3
. c
3-4n
(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
(sv-sh)R4/EJ
12+
3-2n
E R3
. c
(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
Results
EcR3
EJ
Factored
8.73
382.04
59.33
0.12
2.76
3.45
80.37
441
323
368
269
8.7
7.3
Unfactored
kNm/m
M=
7.28 kNm/m
kN/m
Nav= 318.58 kN/m
kN/m
Nvar=
49.44 kN/m
mm
Uo=
0.10 mm
mm
Umax=
2.30 mm
Q2=
3.45
kPa
T=
66.97 kPa
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
(or
(or
(or
(or
0.441
0.323
0.368
0.269
8.73
7.28
MN/m)
MN/m)
MN/m)
MN/m)
-8.73
-7.28
Sheet No.
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Lining Assessment 215748-20
Spreadsheet
Job Title
Rev.
4.2
0
Member/Location
Drg. Ref.
LN
23-Mar-12 Chd.
Date
Post- Thames Tunnel construction
The drawings below show the typical deflected shapes and the envelopes of shear force and bending
moment:
U0
Typical displacements for Pv>Ph, Ko<1
Made by
YL
Umax
Umax
Variable
displacement
U0
Constant
displacement
Deflected shape
Maximum
bending
moments
Maximum hoop
thrust
4.2
Sheet No.
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Lining Assessment 215748-20
Spreadsheet
Job Title
5.1
Drg. Ref.
Made by
5.1
0
Member/Location
Rev.
0
LN
Date
23-Mar-12 Chd.
YL
Comparison of actual loads with lining capacity: consider the effect of panels
The capacity graph from section 2.0 is reproduced here, with the loads calculated plotted on.
All loads are factored.
5.00
I=Ie
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
Cast-iron bolted
Lining Assessment
Spreadsheet
Job Title
6.0
Sheet No.
Job No.
215748-20
Drg. Ref.
Made by
6.0
0
Member/Location
Rev.
0
LN
Date
23-Mar-12 Chd.
YL
Longitudinal curvature
CHECK 1
Assume the tunnel is a continuous flexible tube, the extreme fibre stress and strain of a tunnel section can be
calculated as follows:
s = M yextreme / I
yextreme = dist. between neutral axis and extreme fibre 1875.8 mm
e = M yextreme / E I
I = Second moment of area of tunnel section
Three modes of tensile strain are considered:
a) The strain assuming the lining only deforms and reaches its permissible stress.
b) The strain assuming the lining deforms based on the limiting stress caused by the bolt reaching its allowable
stress
c) The required bolt stress at the imposed radius of curvature assuming that both the lining and bolt deform
The radius of curvature, R', can be calculated as:
R' = EI /M
R' limiting = E yextreme / spermissible
Lining spermissible =
34 N/mm2
(for lining)
b) assume strain of lining at bolt allowable stress, yextreme = external radius of the tunnel
2
assume working bolt stress sbolt=
85.5 N/mm (= Ult ten./4 (BCIRA))
Cross-section area of bolt = 490.874 mm2
Maximum force per bolt =
41.97 kN
Skin area = 213868 mm2
Number of circumferential bolts =
35
Skin area per bolt = 6110.5 mm2
Stress on the lining from a single bolt (at the bolts allowable stress) = 6.8684 N/mm2
From above
e lining, limiting = slimited by bolt stress/E = 5.69E-05
where E= 120656 MPa
(for lining)
R' limiting = r/ e lining, limiting= 23537 m (for information)
c) consider the strain along the extreme fibre bolt and lining and calculate required bolt stress
using etotal = elining + ebolt * Lbolt / Llining and yextreme =
1875.8 mm
where lining = lining strain at limiting allowable bolt stress
bolt = bolt strain at limiting allowable bolt stress
Lbolt = length of bolt under tension
assume
0.07 m, between the nut and head of bolt
Llining = circumferential width of tunnel segment =
0.508 m
imposed radius of curvature = 17500 m
etotal = 0.0001
Ebolt =
190 GPa
Elining =
121 GPa
Manual input
Diameter of
the tunnel
gap
2 panels
width
R imposed
Appendices
25
Printed 29/03/2012
Job number
Package/Topic
Design stage
215748-20
Remember: Avoid Reduce Control and communicate relevant information to others (CDM Regulation 11)
Date
(+ initials)
23/03/12
Area/Location of Risk
Exposure
Mitigation of Risk
(Potential or Achieved)
Thames Tunnel
(TT) excavation
below Battersea B
Power Station
Cable Tunnel
Unidentified geological
anomalies may cause
higher volume loss during
excavation than
anticipated and the risk of
ground movement at the
above discharge tunnel
increases.
23/03/12
Thames Tunnel
(TT) excavation
below Battersea B
Power Station
Cable Tunnel
23/03/12
Battersea B Power
Station Cable
Tunnel Lining
Status
A
Further Action
Active/closed
TT has carried
out a desk study
to identify
geological
anomalies.
Arup has
reviewed
existing borehole
data to confirm
strata at TT face
and TT/UKPN
interface.
TT is planning to drill a
number of additional deep
and high level boreholes
in this area.
Boreholes at
tunnel interface
to identify sand
lenses in the
London Clay
strata.
TT is planning to drill a
number of additional deep
and high level boreholes
in this area.
Use archive
drawings for the
assessment.
by
Page 1 of 5
Job number
Package/Topic
Design stage
215748-20
Remember: Avoid Reduce Control and communicate relevant information to others (CDM Regulation 11)
Date
(+ initials)
23/03/12
23/03/12
Area/Location of Risk
Exposure
Battersea B Power
Station Cable
Tunnel Lining
Battersea B Power
Station Cable
Tunnel Lining
Mitigation of Risk
(Potential or Achieved)
overestimated.
Adopt
conservative
thickness for the
detailed
assessment.
Use conservative
cast iron strength
parameters.
Use London
Underground
recommended
parameters for
the assessment.
Use London
Underground
recommended
parameters for a
conservative
Youngs
Modulus.
Status
A
Further Action
by
Active/closed
Page 2 of 5
Job number
Package/Topic
Design stage
215748-20
Remember: Avoid Reduce Control and communicate relevant information to others (CDM Regulation 11)
Date
Area/Location of Risk
Exposure
Mitigation of Risk
(Potential or Achieved)
23/03/12
Battersea B Power
Station Cable
Tunnel Bolts
23/03/12
Battersea B Power
Station Cable
Tunnel Bolts
(+ initials)
Case studies
referenced in the
report highlight
several instances
where cast iron
tunnels have
been subjected to
larger distortions
and no damage
has been noted.
There is no
reason to believe
that significant
torque was
applied to bolts
when fastened.
The effects on the
circumferential
bolts indicate that
the stresses do
not result in a
FOS of less than
1.
Status
A
Further Action
by
Active/closed
Page 3 of 5
Job number
Package/Topic
Design stage
215748-20
Remember: Avoid Reduce Control and communicate relevant information to others (CDM Regulation 11)
Date
(+ initials)
Area/Location of Risk
Exposure
Mitigation of Risk
(Potential or Achieved)
Comparisons with
other case studies
indicate that greater
levels of distortion
have resulted in no
appreciable impact
on cast iron tunnels.
It is also likely that
the vertical
movements result in
a combination of
both bending and
shearing. The initial
check using an initial
index parameter
such as the radius of
curvature is
considered to be a
reasonable approach
for an initial
assessment,
thereafter,
consideration of
other modes of
Status
A
Further Action
by
Active/closed
Page 4 of 5
Job number
Package/Topic
Design stage
215748-20
Remember: Avoid Reduce Control and communicate relevant information to others (CDM Regulation 11)
Date
(+ initials)
Area/Location of Risk
Exposure
Mitigation of Risk
(Potential or Achieved)
Status
A
Further Action
by
Active/closed
deformation should
be considered in
greater detail.
Page 5 of 5
Appendices
26
Printed 29/03/2012
UKPN Battersea B
Power Station Cable
Tunnel
Inspection report
Table of contents
Page number
1
Executive summary......................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4
4.1
4.2
Observations .................................................................................................................... 8
5.1
5.2
Appendices ................................................................................................................................ 9
Appendix D1 Figures .......................................................................................................
Appendix D2 - Ring observations ......................................................................................
Appendix D3 Photographs ...............................................................................................
Printed 22/03/2012
List of tables
Page number
Table 1 - Inspection team ........................................................................................................... 6
Table 2 - Tunnel geometry ......................................................................................................... 8
ii
Printed 22/03/2012
Executive summary
Thames Water is currently progressing with its planned Tideway improvements. The
improvement works consists of the construction of two new tunnels, the Thames Tunnel and
the Lee Tunnel, together with a programme of sewer upgrades. Construction of the proposed
Thames Tunnel (TT), an 8.1m 8.8m excavated diameter tunnel, stretching approximately
23km for much of its route under the River Thames from West London to Abbey Mills is due
to commence in 2016.
The proposed interface between the Thames Tunnel and the UKPN Battersea B cable tunnel
is located in the middle of the River Thames by Battersea Power Station, in the borough of
Wandsworth. The Thames Tunnel main tunnel will be constructed with a clear distance of
approximately 18.5m between the two tunnels.
To date, an interim detailed assessment report has been prepared to assess the likely impact on
the Battersea B cable tunnel due to the construction of the Thames Tunnel works. The interim
report is based on a number of assumptions regarding the tunnel lining geometry and tunnel
condition. In order to confirm these assumptions and to record the condition of the tunnel, a
visual inspection of the cable tunnel was undertaken on Thursday 15th March 2012.
The inspections indicate that the cast iron segments are in a good condition. Segments are
bolted and one part of the rings has a key segment while the other part does not have a key
segment. There are signs of condensation on the segments; however, there are limited signs
of active seepage. The segments and bolts do show a slight degree of corrosion but it is
considered that the corrosion is superficial with no significant impact on the structural
capacity.
Printed 22/03/2012
Introduction
The Battersea B cable tunnel runs from Battersea Power Station on the south embankment to
a shaft located at located on Chelsea Bridge Road on the north embankment. The interface is
between the Thames Tunnel and the cable tunnel is in the middle of the River Thames. The
UKPN tunnel is located approximately 8.5m below river bed level and the clear distance to
the Thames Tunnel connection tunnel is approximately 18.5m.
The Battersea B cable tunnel is owned by UKPN and is used for carrying communications
cables cables beneath the River Thames. There are currently only a small number of cables in
the tunnel and it is unclear whether UKPN will install more cables in the future.
As part of the assessment of the Battersea B cable tunnel, a visual inspection has been
undertaken to confirm assumptions made in the detailed analysis and to record the general
condition of the tunnel lining. The tunnel inspection was limited to a zone, extending
approximately 60m on either side of the Thames Tunnel interface. This zone represents the
length of the Battersea B cable tunnel which is subject to ground movement greater than
1mm; see Sketch 1 in Appendix D1.
Printed 22/03/2012
Tunnel construction
The Battersea B cable tunnel was constructed after the end of the Second World War, when
construction began on the second phase of the power station, the B station. The station came
into operation gradually between 1953 and 1955, and it is believed that the tunnel was
completed no later than 1955.
The tunnel consists of bolted cast iron segments. Some of the rings are composed of 7
segments and 1 key segment while some rings did not have a key segment.
Printed 22/03/2012
Tunnel inspection
The inspection of the Battersea B cable tunnel was carried out on Thursday 15th March 2012
between 8.00am and 2.00pm. The inspection team consisted of Arup Tunnel Engineers and
personnel from ABA Engineering Limited. ABA Engineering Ltd was appointed by UKPN to
assist and manage the confined space procedures.
Table 1 - Inspection team
Name
Company
Role
Linn Nordstrom
Arup
Tunnel Inspector
Yung Loo
Arup
Tunnel Inspector
ABA Engineering
Ltd
2x Tunnel escort,
top man and
rescue team
A method statement had been prepared for the tunnel entry protocol and safety, and this was
fully complied with by all parties.
The weather on the morning of the inspection was foggy flowed by sunshine. It had been a
clear night and there had been limited rain fall in the days prior to the inspection.
The inspection was undertaken from a north to south direction along the tunnel. However, the
inspection team only used the south shaft located at Battersea Power Station, for access and
egress.
4.1
Scope of inspection
The scope of the inspection was to undertake a visual observation of the tunnel lining to
confirm the lining geometry and to determine the presence of any signs of distress or damage
that may compromise the structural capacity of the tunnel. Such features include but are not
limited to: cracking of tunnel segments; corrosion of tunnel segments; water ingress; and
birdsmouthing of segments.
The visual inspection consisted of a walkthrough with notes and photographs taken where
necessary to flag up any potential areas of concern.
It should be noted that the inspection was not intended to be a full structural survey or an
intrusive investigation. The following information was recorded as a minimum:
Tunnel details including;
Location
Lining Type
Tunnel Lining
Segment dimensions
Printed 22/03/2012
Identify defects, major (cracked segments) and minor (seepage and corrosion)
Lipping / stepping
4.2
It should be noted that the visual inspection did not include the shafts. The area of inspection
was limited to:
Approximately 240 rings of cast iron lining centred on the interface with the Thames
Tunnel works.
Printed 22/03/2012
Observations
The findings of the inspections are summarised below. Recorded observations for each ring
are included in Appendix D2 whilst Appendix D3 contains photographs of some of the
defects observed.
5.1
General condition
The survey started approximately 215m northwest along the UKPN cable tunnel from the
shaft at Battersea Power Station. The tunnel was inspected back towards this shaft in a southeasterly direction. The location of the first ring was 22m north of the signage board
indicating: 193m to the shaft at the Power Station. It should be noted that the tunnel was
naturally ventilated during the inspection.
The cast iron segments were generally in a good condition. There was very little sign of active
seepage and the invert was dry, however there were little droplets on the segments due to
condensation. There were also a large number of stalactites in varying sizes throughout the
tunnel which may indicate that more water has been present over the years. Physical damage
to segments, such as cracking was not encountered.
The configuration of the rings varied over the length of the inspection. The first 77 rings had a
key segment while the rest did not. In addition, the first 159 rings did not have any caulking
or grout in the circumferential joint but this did not seem to impact on water ingress.
A description of observations is presented in Appendix D2. Photographs of observations are
presented in Appendix D3.
5.2
Tunnel geometry
The following measurements and observations in regards to the tunnel geometry were made
during the inspection.
Table 2 - Tunnel geometry
Parameter
Value
Ring 1-77: 7 (6 + 1Key)
Ring 78 - to the shaft: 7 segments
Bolted cast iron
508mm
2438.4mm (8ft)
5
3
24-25mm
130-135mm
95mm
28mm
No segments
Segment type
Segment width
Internal Diameter
Bolts per circumferential joint
Bolts per radial joints
Bolt diameter
Bolt Length
Depth of flange
Thickness of flange
Printed 22/03/2012
Appendices
Appendices
Printed 21/03/2012
Appendices
Appendix D1 Figures
Printed 21/03/2012
NOTE:
1. VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IS SHOWN
EXAGGERATED BY A FACTOR OF 500.
2. DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING
87.29
84.29
34.81
17.8mm
BATTERSEA B POWER
STATION CABLE TUNNEL
(3.0M ID)
ID
GEOTECHNICAL KEY:
SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS
AND MADE GROUND
LONDON CLAY
FORMATION
LAMBETH GROUP
THANET SAND FORMATION
CHALK GROUP
0m
LONGITUDINAL SECTION THAMES TUNNEL AT BATTERSEA B POWER STATION CABLE TUNNEL (TU003)
10m
20m
40m
Appendices
Printed 21/03/2012
Arup
Sheet 1/5
Notes
Photo 2 taken of caulking between segment joints.
Caulking at radial joints only.
Photo
1 = cracking
2 = evidence of water ingress
4 = calcite buildup
5 = staining
7 = Stalactite
8 = displacement of segment
10 = open joints
11 = seepage at joints
13 = damage of lifting socket/grout 14 = corrosion
Date:
Surveyor:
Ring Number
LK
LA
LS
RS
RA
3 = active Seepage
6 = damage at bolt hole
9 = missing caulking
12 = seepage at bolt holes
15 = missing/loose Bolt
RK
1,2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
7
2/4
7
7
7
2/4
2/4
4/7
7
7
7
Dripping (slow)
Photo taken to the north
4
4
4
4/7
7
7
4
4/7
7
3/7
4/7
7
4/7
4
7
7
2*
7
4
4
3/7
7
7
7
4
7
4
4
4
4
Corrosion more noticeable along RS (ring 48-61)
Arup
Sheet 2/5
1 = cracking
2 = evidence of water ingress
4 = calcite buildup
5 = staining
7 = Stalactite
8 = displacement of segment
10 = open joints
11 = seepage at joints
13 = damage of lifting socket/grout 14 = corrosion
Date:
Surveyor:
Ring Number
59
LK
LA
LS
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
RS
7
4/7
4
RA
3 = active Seepage
6 = damage at bolt hole
9 = missing caulking
12 = seepage at bolt holes
15 = missing/loose Bolt
RK
Notes
Photo taken to the north. Ring marked 400.
Photo
7
4
7
7
7
7
4
15
9
10
Arup
Sheet 3/5
1 = cracking
2 = evidence of water ingress
4 = calcite buildup
5 = staining
7 = Stalactite
8 = displacement of segment
10 = open joints
11 = seepage at joints
13 = damage of lifting socket/grout 14 = corrosion
Date:
Surveyor:
Ring Number
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
LK
LA
LS
RS
3/4/7
3/4/7
Notes
Dripping (slow)
Photo
12
4
Step at left shoulder/axis joint between ring 128/129
13
4
4/7
4
4
14
4
4
15
4
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
RK
11
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
RA
3 = active Seepage
6 = damage at bolt hole
9 = missing caulking
12 = seepage at bolt holes
15 = missing/loose Bolt
16
17
*
4
7
4/7
4
7
4/7
7
7
7
7
18
Arup
Sheet 4/5
1 = cracking
2 = evidence of water ingress
4 = calcite buildup
5 = staining
7 = Stalactite
8 = displacement of segment
10 = open joints
11 = seepage at joints
13 = damage of lifting socket/grout 14 = corrosion
Date:
Surveyor:
Ring Number
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
LS
7
7
K
7
7
4
4
7
7
3/7
7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
7
7
RS
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
186
3/7
3/7
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
4/7
4/7
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
LK
LA
4
RA
3 = active Seepage
6 = damage at bolt hole
9 = missing caulking
12 = seepage at bolt holes
15 = missing/loose Bolt
RK
Notes
Photo
19
20
Dripping at stalactities
corrosion visible at rings, signs of calcitie buildup in
invert from dripping water
21
4/7
Rings show less stalactities and a bit more
rust/corrosion
3/7
Dripping (slow)
22
Arup
Sheet 5/5
1 = cracking
2 = evidence of water ingress
4 = calcite buildup
5 = staining
7 = Stalactite
8 = displacement of segment
10 = open joints
11 = seepage at joints
13 = damage of lifting socket/grout 14 = corrosion
Date:
Surveyor:
Ring Number
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
LK
LA
LS
7
7
7
7
RS
RA
3 = active Seepage
6 = damage at bolt hole
9 = missing caulking
12 = seepage at bolt holes
15 = missing/loose Bolt
RK
Notes
Photo
23
Appendices
Appendix D3 Photographs
Printed 21/03/2012
Photo 20 Stalactites visible along the left hand shoulder starting at Ring 181
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