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Rate of chart displacement (mm/min)
) of a
vapor compression refrigeration system. The experiment
execute by using THAR22C Computer controlled
refrigeration and air conditioning unit [two condensers
(water and air) and two evaporators].
Figure 1: Refrigerator
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
4.0 Objectives
The purpose of this experiment is to:
1. Investigate the variation in Coefficient of Performance (COP
R
) of a vapour
compression refrigeration system at different coolong load.
5.0 Theory
A refrigeration cycle works to lower and maintain the temperature of a controlled space by
heat transfer from a low to a high temperature region.
High Temperature Reservoir, TH
Q
H
E W net
Q
L
Low Temperature Reservoir, TL
Refrigeration duty is another term for the cooling effect of the refrigeration system,
which is the rate of heat being removed from the low temperature region with specified
evaporation and condensation temperatures. The unit for duty measurements is in Watts
(for 1 ton of refrigeration = 3517 W)
The Vapor Compression Cycle
Ideal refrigeration systems follow the theoretical Reversed Carnot Cycle process. In
practical refrigerators, compression and expansion of a gas and vapor mixture presents
practical problems in the compressor and expander. Therefore, in practical refrigeration,
compression usually takes place in the superheated field and a throttling process is substituted
for the isentropic expansion.
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
Figure 2: Schematic diagram of refrigeration cycle
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
The cycle ;
1 2 Condensation of the high pressure vapor during which heat is transferred to the
high temperature region.
2 3 Adiabatic throttling of the condensed vapor from the condensing to the
evaporating pressure.
3 4 Evaporation of the low pressure liquid during which heat is absorbed from the
low temperature source.
4 1 Isentropic compression of the vapor, from the evaporating to the condensing
pressures.
Energy Transfer Analysis
Compressor
q
4-1
= h
4
h
1
+ w
If compressor is adiabatic, q
4-1
= 0 and w = h
1
h
4
Power requirement, P = m (h
1
h
4
), where m is the flow rate of working fluid per unit time.
Condenser
q
1-2
= h
2
h
1
+ w
w = 0, therefore q
1-2
= h
2
h
1
and rate of heat rejection Q
1-2
= m ( h
2
h
1
)
Expansion valve
q
2-3
= h
3
h
2
+ w
w = 0 at the expansion valve, and the process is adiabatic
Therefore h
3
= h
2
.
.
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
Evaporator
q
3-4
= h
4
h
3
+ w
w = 0, therefore q
3-4
= h
4
h
3
and rate of heat absorbed Q
3-4
= m ( h
4
h
3
)
Coefficient of Performance (COP)
COP
ref
= q
3-4
= h
4
h
3
w h
1
h
4
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
6.0 Experimental Procedures
6.1 Apparatus/Experimental Setup
Figure 3: Computer controlled refrigeration and air conditioning unit [two condenser (water and air) and
two evaporator] / THAR22C
Figure 4: Schematic diagram of computer controlled refrigeration and air conditioning unit [two condenser
(water and air) and two evaporator]
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
Figure 5: The location of valve (AVS3, AVS4, AVS5, AVS 6)
Figure 6: Computer system
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
6.2 Procedure
6a) Condenser-water and evaporator-water
a. Water as a heat source is selected by opening valves AVS-4 and AVS-5 and then
click START.
b. The water flow rate at the condenser to 5 L/m and 3 L/m at the evaporator
(evaporator load) are adjusted.
c. The COMPRESSOR button is click.
d. The data are start recorded when the system is stabilized by click START
SAVING.
e. The sampling rate at 120 second per sample is set.
f. The data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second) are recorded by click STOP
SAVING.
g. The evaporator load is increased to 5 L/m and step (c) to step (f) are repeated.
6b) Condenser-water and evaporator-air
a. Air as a heat source is selected by opening valves AVS-3 and AVS-5 and then
click START
b. The water flow rate at the condenser to 5 L/m and the air flow of the evaporator
are adjusted until 50% of the maximal flow (evaporator load).
c. The COMPRESSOR button is click.
d. The data are start recorded when the system is stabilized by click START
SAVING
e. The sampling rate at 120 second per sample is set.
f. The data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second) are recorded by click STOP
SAVING.
g. The evaporator load is increased to 100% and step (c) to step (f) are repeated.
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
6c) Condenser-air and evaporator-air
a. Air as a heat source is selected by opening valves AVS-3 and AVS-6 and then
click START.
b. The air flow of the condenser is adjusted to maximum flow (100%) and 50% of
the maximal flow at the evaporator (evaporator load).
c. The COMPRESSOR button is click.
d. The data are start recorded when the system is stabilized by click START
SAVING
e. The sampling rate at 120 second per sample is set.
f. The data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second) are recorded by click STOP
SAVING.
g. The evaporator load is increased to 100% and step (c) to step (f) are repeated.
6d) Condenser-air and evaporator-water
a. Water as a heat source is selected by opening valves AVS-4 and AVS-6 and then
click START.
b. The air flow of the condenser is adjusted to maximum flow (100%) and the water
flow rate is adjusted at the evaporator to 3 L/m (evaporator load).
c. The COMPRESSOR button is click.
d. The data are start recorded when the system is stabilized by click START
SAVING
e. The sampling rate at 120 second per sample is set.
f. The data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second) are recorded by click STOP
SAVING.
g. The evaporator load is increased to 5 L/m and step (c) to step (f) are repeated.
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
7.0 Result
7.1 Data recorded
Data had been recorded on the provided table of result.(separate sheet)
7.2 Sample calculation
A. Experiment A
Refrigerant mass flow rate, m
ref
(kg/s)
m
ref
= v
ref
/ v
2
a) v
ref
- change the unit for value SC-1(L/h):
SC-1 = 27.64 L/h
thus v
ref
= 27.64 x (0.001/3600)
= 7.68 x 10
-6
m
3
/s
b) v
2
taken from table A11 for saturated refrigerant 134-a(provided at
appendices)
At ST-2 = 39.62
o
C
v
2
= 0.02017 m
3
/kg
c) Therefore m
ref
:
m
ref
= v
ref
/ v
2
= (7.68 x 10
-6
/ 0.02017 )
= 3.808 x 10
-4
kg/s
Saturated vapour, v
g
(m
3
/kg) Temperature(C)
0.02017 38
v
2
39.62
0.019952 40
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
Evaporator cooling load, Q
evap
(kW):
a) The calculation of h
3
refer to table A11 for saturated refrigerant 134-a
(provided at appendices):
At ST-3 = 7.54
o
C
h
3
= 192.72 kJ/kg
b) The calculation of h
4
refer to table A11 for saturated refrigerant 134-
a(provided at appendices):
At ST-4 = 12.06
o
C
h
4
= 189.04 kJ/kg
c) Therefore Q
evap
:
Q
evap
= m
ref
(h
4
-h
3
) = (3.808 x 10
-4
) (189.04 - 192.72)
= -1.4 x 10
-3
kW
h
fg
(kJ/kG) Temperature(C)
193.94 6
h
3
7.54
192.35 8
h
fg
(kJ/kG) Temperature(C)
189.09 12
h
4
12.06
187.42 14
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
Coefficient of performance, COP
ref
:
At ST-1 = 462.811 W
COP
ref
= Q
evap
/
(SW-1/1000)
= -1.4 x 10
-3
/ (462.811/1000)
= -3.02 x 10
-3
Average coefficient of performance, COP
ref
:
Thus average COP
ref
=
COP
ref
/
3
= -3.64 x 10
-3
B. Experiment B
The calculations for m
ref,
Q
evap,
COP
ref
and average COP
ref
same as
shown on Experiment A.
C. Experiment C
The calculations for m
ref,
Q
evap,
COP
ref
and average COP
ref
same as
shown on Experiment A.
D. Experiment D
The calculations for m
ref,
Q
evap,
COP
ref
and average COP
ref
same as
shown on Experiment A.
Time (s) COP
ref
120 -3.02 x 10
-3
240 -3.90 x 10
-3
360 -4.01 x 10
-3
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
8.0 Discussion
This part of report is individually hand written. The result of each member is attched with
this report.
9.0 Conclusion
This part of report is individually hand written. The result of each member is attched with
this report.
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
10.0 References
Websites:
1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC [Accessed 27/09/14]
2) http://home.howstuffworks.com/refrigerator.htm [Accessed 7/10/14]
3) http://www.mansfieldct.org/schools/mms/staff/hand/heatrefrig.htm[Accessed 7/10/14]
Books:
4) Eastop & McConkey, Applied Thermodynamics for Engineering Technologists 5
th
Edition, Prentice Hall, 1993.
5) Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles,2006, Thermodynamics: An Engineering
Approach 5th Edition, McGraw Hill.
6) Yunus A. Vengeland Micheal A. Boles, Thermodynamics An Engineering
Approach,7
th
edition in SI units, 2011 , The McGraw-Hill Companies.
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A
11.0 Appendices
THERMODYNAMICS II
VARIATION IN REFRIGERATION COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS
OPERATING CONDITIONS
EMD5M5A