LTE-SAE Overview and Radio Signaling

LTE / SAE
Overview
and
Radio Signaling
INACON GmbH
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German)
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Cover deign b) Oliver S+(.n
/ !%%% - 01!$ INACON GmbH
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Table of Content
Reviiting im5ortant 7etail of t(e E3S*********************************!
9.9 Architecture Overview..............................................................:
9.9.9 .volved 8acket Core in Conte#t..................................................:
9.9.9.9 .8C vs. .8*...................................................................................:
9.9.9.: Non';88 Access Networks 0trusted 7 non'trusted1......................;
9.9.: <oom into the .8*......................................................................=
9.9.:.9 Functional Overview of Core Network .lements within the .8C....>
9.9.; Network .lements and their Functions within the .8C................?
9.9.;.9 )obility )anagement .ntity 0)).1.................................................?
9.9.;.9.9 Characteristics........................................................................?
9.9.;.9.: Identification...........................................................................@
9.9.;.9.; Interfaces ( 8rotocols............................................................A
9.9.;.9.= "asks ( Functions of the ))..............................................9B
9.9.;.9.=.9 NA*'*ignaling towards the 3...................................................9B
9.9.;.9.=.: *9'*ignaling towards the eNode,.............................................9B
9.9.;.9.=.; *'+ and 8'+ *election.......................................................9:
9.9.;.9.=.= Other *election Functions..........................................................9;
9.9.;.9.=.> -ocal ,reakout...........................................................................9=
9.9.;.9.=.> I)* and -ocal ,reakout.............................................................9=
9.9.;.: *erving ateway 0*'+1..............................................................9?
9.9.;.:.9 Characteristics......................................................................9?
9.9.;.:.: Identification.........................................................................9?
9.9.;.:.; Interfaces ( 8rotocols..........................................................9A
9.9.;.:.= "asks ( Functions of the *'+...........................................:B
9.9.;.:.=.9 8acket &outing 7 &elaying..........................................................:B
9.9.;.:.=.: -egal Interception.......................................................................:B
9.9.;.:.=.; CCI'based 8acket "agging........................................................:B
9.9.;.:.=.= Accounting..................................................................................:B
9.9.;.; 8%N ateway 08'+ or 8%N'+1..............................................::
9.9.;.;.9 Characteristics......................................................................::
9.9.;.;.: Identification.........................................................................::
9.9.;.;.; Interfaces ( 8rotocols..........................................................:=
9.9.;.;.= "asks ( Functions of the 8'+...........................................:?
9.9.;.;.=.9 3. I8 Address Allocation...........................................................:?
9.9.;.;.=.: CCI'based 8acket "agging........................................................:?
9.9.;.;.=.; 8olicy .nforcement....................................................................:?
9.9.;.;.=.= -egal Interception.......................................................................:@
9.9.;.;.=.> !ome Agent Function................................................................:@
9.9.;.= enhanced 8acket %ata ateway 0e8%1.....................................:A
9.9.;.=.9 Characteristics......................................................................:A
9.9.;.=.: Identification.........................................................................:A
9.9.;.=.; Interfaces ( 8rotocols..........................................................;B
9.9.;.=.= "asks ( Functions of the e8%...........................................;:
9.9.;.=.=.9 .*8'"unnel )gmt towards 3.Ds...............................................;:
9.9.;.=.=.: Co*'specific 8acket "agging in 3-'%irection...........................;:
9.9.;.=.=.; -egal Interception.......................................................................;:
9.9.;.=.=.= )A'Function for 8)I8v?.........................................................;:
9.9.= .8* Architecture for /oice *upport 0C*F, or /oI8I)* with *&/CC1
E !ow is *)* supportedF.........................................................................;=
Table of Content
INACON GmbH 1999 - 2014. All rights reserved. Reprod!tio" #"d$or "#thori%ed se o& this m#teri#l is prohibited
#"d 'ill be prose!ted to the &ll e(te"t o& Germ#" #"d i"ter"#tio"#l l#'s. )ersio" Nmber 1.*11
' i '
9.: 8rotocol *tacks......................................................................;A
9.:.9 Control 8lane 7 .'3"&AN ' .8C...............................................;A
9.:.: 3ser 8lane .'3"&AN E .8C 0*>7*A "8'based1....................=B
9.:.; 3ser 8lane .'3"&AN E .8C 0*>7*A 8)I8v?7&.'based1......=:
9.; *ecurity Architecture..............................................................==
9.;.9 Overview ( Introduction............................................................==
9.;.9.9 .ssentials......................................................................................=>
9.;.9.: .8*'A5A.......................................................................................=>
9.;.9.; *ecurity is performed independently in two protocol layers..........=>
9.;.9.= Algorithms.....................................................................................=>
9.;.: Operation of 3)"*'A5A...........................................................=?
9.;.; 5ey %erivation Function 05%F1..................................................=A
9.;.;.9 Comprehension Check ( 8ractical .#ercise$
"he 5%F *09B1 for 50A*).1.....................................................................>B
9.;.;.9.9 Input 8arameters..................................................................>:
9.;.= .8*'A5A in Operation during Initial Attach 8rocedure..............>=
9.;.> 3se of the different *ecurity Algorithms....................................>?
T(e Non-A++e-Strat'm, E88 9 ES8********************************:%
:.9.9 Important .))'8rocedures......................................................?B
:.9.9.9 Common 8rocedures....................................................................?9
:.9.9.: *pecific 8rocedures......................................................................?9
:.9.9.; Connection )anagement 8rocedures...........................................?9
:.9.: *tate )achine........................................................................... ?:
:.9.:.9 &elationship between .)) and .C)...........................................?:
.))'%.&.I*".&.% ( .C)'I%-...................................................?;
.))'&.I*".&.% ( .C)'I%-........................................................?;
.))'&.I*".&.% ( .C)'CONN.C".%........................................?;
:.9.; 3. )ode of Operation upon Attach E /oice %omain 8reference and
3.Ds 3sage *etting...................................................................................?=
:.9.= )essage Format.......................................................................??
:.9.=.9 *ecurity !eader.............................................................................??
:.9.> Important .))'*cenarios.........................................................?A
:.9.>.9 Attachment through .'3"&AN 7 new ))....................................?A
:.9.>.: Comprehension Check ( 8ractical .#ercise$ ,uilding your own
.))$ A""G&.C')essage........................................................................@?
:.9.>.; "racking Area 3pdate 0Inter')). 7 with new *'+1...................AB
:.9.>.;.9 Initial Conditions...................................................................AB
:.9.>.;.: %etailed %escription.............................................................A:
:.9.>.= Comprehension Check ( 8ractical .#ercise$ .))')essage
%ecode......................................................................................................AA
:.:.9 Important .*)'8rocedures.......................................................HB
:.:.9.9 )).'initiated................................................................................H9
:.:.9.: 3.'initiated....................................................................................H9
:.:.: *tate )achine........................................................................... H:
:.:.= )essage Format.......................................................................H=
:.:.=.9 *ecurity !eader.............................................................................H?
LTE-SAE Overview and Radio Signaling
' ii '
:.:.=.: 8rocedure "ransaction Identity.....................................................H?
:.;.> %edicated .8* ,earer .stablishment.......................................HA
:.;.>.9 Network Initiated 0I)* triggered during Call .stablishment1 .......HA
:.;.>.9.9 Initial Conditions...................................................................HA
:.;.>.9.: %etailed %escription.............................................................HA
:.;.>.: Network Initiated 0I)* triggered during Call .stablishment1 .....9BB
:.;.>.:.9 %etailed %escription...........................................................9B:
Radio Reo'r+e Control*******************************************************!1:
;.9 Overview..............................................................................9B?
;.9.9 "ransmission of broadcast information....................................9B@
;.9.: .stablish and maintain services..............................................9B@
;.9.; Co* control............................................................................. 9B@
;.9.= "ransfer of dedicated control information................................9B@
;.: *tate Characteristics of &&C...............................................9BA
;.:.9 &&CGI%-................................................................................ 9BA
;.:.: &&CGCONN.C".%................................................................9BA
;.; *ignaling &adio ,earers 0*&,1............................................99B
;.;.9 Overview................................................................................. 99B
;.;.9.9 *&,B...........................................................................................99B
;.;.9.: *&,9...........................................................................................99B
;.;.9.; *&,:...........................................................................................99B
;.;.9.= Control 8lane 8rotocol *tack &eview...................................99:
Air Interface protocols.............................................................................99;
;.;.9.> 3ser 8lane 8rotocol *tack &eview.......................................99=
Air Interface protocols.............................................................................99=
*9 protocol.............................................................................................. 99>
;.;.9.? Overview on Channel "ypes and 3ser ,earers....................99?
;.;.9.@ &eview of eN, %- Channels.......................................................99A
;.;.9.A &eview of eN, 3- Channels.......................................................9:B
;.;.: )apping of &&C')essages to *&,Ds and to Channels...........9::
;.;.:.9 )essages on ,CC! 0)I, and *I,1............................................9::
;.;.:.: )essages on 8CC! and %-'CCC!............................................9:=
;.;.:.; )essages on %-'%CC! and %-'%"C!......................................9:?
;.;.:.= )essages on 3-'CCC!, 3-'%CC! and 3-'%"C!....................9:A
;.= )essage .ncoding through A*N.9 8.&'unaligned.............9;B
;.=.9 .#ample$ "he A*N.9'Code of &&CGCONNG&.C .................9;B
;.=.: I and the compiled )essage *tructure 0"ree /iew1..............9;:
;.=.; Comprehension Check ( 8ractical .#ercise$
.ncoding an &&CGCONNG&.C')essage.......................................9;=
;.> &&C 8rocedures..................................................................9;?
;.>.9 *ystem Information ,roadcast................................................9;?
;.>.9.9 Overview......................................................................................9;?
;.>.9.: Overview of Functions of the *ystem Information ,locks...........9;A
Table of Content
' iii '
;.>.9.; .#ample of an )I,......................................................................9=B
;.>.9.= .#ample of an *I,9.....................................................................9=:
;.>.9.> .#ample of an *I,:.....................................................................9==
;.>.9.? .#ample of an *I,;.....................................................................9=?
;.>.: Connection )anagement &elated 8rocedures........................9=A
;.>.:.9 8aging 8rocedure.......................................................................9=A
;.>.:.: &&C Connection .stablishment 8rocedure................................9>B
;.>.:.:.9 *&,9 %efault Configuration...............................................9>:
;.>.:.:.: 8hysical -ayer %efault Configuration.................................9>=
;.>.:.; 3. Capability "ransfer 8rocedure..............................................9>?
;.>.:.= &&C Initial *ecurity Activation 8rocedure...................................9>A
;.>.:.> &&C Connection &econfiguration 8rocedure.............................9?B
;.>.:.>.9 *&,: %efault Configuration...............................................9?:
;.>.:.? Counter Check 8rocedure...........................................................9?=
;.>.:.@ &&C Connection &eestablishment 8rocedure............................9??
;.>.:.A &&C Connection &elease 8rocedure.........................................9?A
;.>.; Inter &A" &&C 8rocedures.....................................................9@B
;.>.= .'3"&AN )easurements........................................................9@:
;.>.=.9 Overview......................................................................................9@:
;.>.=.: %efinition of )easurements in .'3"&AN....................................9@=
;.>.=.; )easurement .vents in .'3"&AN..............................................9@?
;.>.=.= )easurement %efinition in the *tandard E )easurement ObJect
................................................................................................................. 9@A
;.>.=.> )easurement %efinition in the *tandard E &eport Configuration
and )easurement I%...............................................................................9AB
;.>.=.? *tructure )easurement &eport...................................................9A:
;.>.> Other &&C 8rocedures...........................................................9A=
;.>.? &&C 8rocedure %elay.............................................................9A?
;.>.?.9 Introduction..................................................................................9A?
;.>.?.9 /alues.........................................................................................9AA
;.>.@ Idle )ode 8rocedures E Neighbor Cell )onitoring ( Cell
&eselection...................................................................................... 9HB
;.>.@.9 8riority',ased Cell &eselection of )ulti'&A" 3.Ds.....................9HB
;.>.@.9.9 *8I% ' *ubscriber 8rofile I% for &A"7Fre2uency priority....9H9
;.>.@.9.: .'3"&AN priority'based Cell &eselection %etails..............9H:
;.>.@.9.; 3"&AN priority'based Cell &eselection %etails.................9H:
;.>.@.9.= .&AN priority'based Cell &eselection %etails.................9H;
;.>.@.: Cell *election in .'3"&AN..........................................................9H=
;.>.@.:.9 8-)N selection in .'3"&AN..............................................9H?
;.>.@.:.: Cell *election and &eselection...........................................9H?
;.>.@.:.; Cell *election 8rocess........................................................9H?
;.>.@.:.= Cell *election Criterion.......................................................9H@
;.>.@.; Cell &eselection .valuation 8rocess in .'3"&AN.....................9HA
;.>.@.;.9 &eselection 8riorities !andling..........................................9HA
;.>.@.;.: )easurement &ules for Cell &e'*election.........................:BB
;.>.@.;.; )obility *tates in .'3"&AN................................................:B:
;.>.@.;.= *caling &ules based on )obility *tate...............................:B=
;.>.@.= .'3"&AN Inter'Fre2 and I&A" Cell &eselection Criteria............:B?
;.>.@.> Intra'Fre2 and e2ual 8riority Inter'Fre2 &eselection Criteria......:BA
;.>.@.>.9 Cell &anking Criterion in .'3"&AN for e2ual 8riority inter'
Fre2 and intra'Fre2............................................................................:9B
;.>.@.? Cell &eselection towards lower 8riority .'3"&AN Fre2 or I&A"
Fre2 than *erving Fre2...........................................................................:9:
' iv '
;.? .&AN to .'3"&AN Cell &eselection.................................:9=
;.?.9 I&A" )easurements when camping in *) or 8&*...........:9=
;.?.: I&A" Cell &eselection based on 8riority E : to ; 7 -".......:9?
;.?.:.9 Cell &eselection CriteriaDs...........................................................:9?
;.?.:.: Cell &eselection from .&AN towards higher prioritiKed I&A"
Fre2uency...............................................................................................::B
;.?.:.; Cell &eselection from .&AN towards lower prioritiKed I&A"
Fre2uency...............................................................................................:::
Lower La)er of t(e ;'-Interfa+e, 8AC6 RLC 9 37C3*****00:
=.9 Features of )AC..................................................................::?
=.9.9 Overview................................................................................. ::?
=.9.9.9 %ata transfer logical channels LM transport channels..............::?
=.9.9.: &adio resource allocation............................................................::@
=.9.9.; *pecial procedures.....................................................................::@
=.9.: &adio Network "emporary Identifiers 0&N"IDs1 in .'3"&AN. . .::A
=.9.:.9 3sage of &N"IDs..........................................................................::A
=.9.:.9 &N"I /alues................................................................................:;B
=.9.; )AC &andom Access 8rocedure............................................:;:
=.9.;.9 Contention ,ased &andom Access 8rocedure...........................:;:
=.9.;.: Non'contention based random access procedure......................:;?
=.9.= *tructure of )AC'8%3............................................................:;A
=.9.=.9 )AC control element...................................................................:;H
=.9.=.: Normal 0non'transparent1 )AC *%3..........................................:;H
=.9.=.; "ransparent )AC *%3...............................................................:;H
=.9.> )AC Control .lements............................................................:=B
=.9.>.9 Contention resolution I%..............................................................:=9
=.9.>.: "iming Advance...........................................................................:=9
=.9.>.; %&N.............................................................................................:=9
=.9.>.= 8adding.......................................................................................:=9
=.9.>.> 8ower headroom report...............................................................:=9
=.9.>.? C'&N"I........................................................................................:=9
=.9.>.@ *hort, long and truncated buffer status reports...........................:=9
=.9.? 8ractical .#ercise$ )AC Operation.........................................:=:
=.9.@ 8ractical .#ercise$ %- )AC 8%3 Construction.......................:==
=.9.A )AC Configuration..................................................................:=?
=.9.A.9 )AC Configuration in the *tandard ...........................................:=?
=.: Features of &-C...................................................................:=A
=.:.9 Overview................................................................................. :=A
=.:.9.9 %ata transfer................................................................................:=A
=.:.9.: .rror detection and recovery.......................................................:=A
=.:.9.; &eset...........................................................................................:=H
=.:.: *tructure of &-C 8%3.............................................................:>B
=.:.; *tructure of &-C A) with 8%C8 8%3 *egments....................:>:
=.:.= &-C Configuration...................................................................:>=
=.:.=.9 &-C Configuration in the *tandard.............................................:>=
Table of Content
' v '
=.; Features of 8%C8................................................................:>?
=.;.9 Overview................................................................................. :>?
=.;.9.9 &o!C...........................................................................................:>?
=.;.9.: Numbering of 8%C8 8%3Os.........................................................:>?
=.;.9.; In'se2uence delivery of 8%3Os....................................................:>?
=.;.9.= %uplicate deletion........................................................................:>?
=.;.9.> .ncryption...................................................................................:>@
=.;.9.? Integrity 8rotection......................................................................:>@
=.;.: *tructure of 8%C8 8%3..........................................................:>A
=.;.; 8%C8 Configuration................................................................:?B
=.;.;.9 8%C8 Configuration in the *tandard..........................................:?B
=.= !ow a "C87I8 )"3 is reaching the 3. 7 the Internet..........:?:
=.=.9 "C87I8 layer............................................................................ :?:
=.=.: 8%C8 layer.............................................................................. :?:
=.=.; &-C layer................................................................................ :?:
=.=.= )AC layer................................................................................ :?;
=.=.> 8!4 layer................................................................................ :?;
<0- and S!-Interfa+e, <0A3- and S!-A3-3roto+ol*********0#:
>.9 "he N:A8 8rotocol..............................................................:??
>.9.9 8rotocol *tack on the N:'interface..........................................:??
>.9.: "asks ( Functions...................................................................:?A
>.9.:.9 )obility )anagement..................................................................:?A
>.9.:.: -oad )anagement......................................................................:?A
>.9.:.; N:'Interface )anagement...........................................................:?A
>.9.; N:'based !andover *cenario.................................................:@B
>.9.;.9 Initial Conditions..........................................................................:@B
>.9.;.: %etailed %escription....................................................................:@:
>.: "he *9'A8 8rotocol.............................................................:@=
>.:.9 Overview ( Introduction..........................................................:@=
>.:.: *9'based !andover *cenario..................................................:@?
>.:.:.9 Initial Conditions..........................................................................:@?
>.:.:.: %etailed %escription....................................................................:@A
' vi '
C(a5ter !,
Reviiting im5ortant 7etail of t(e E3S
Ob=e+tive
*ome of your 2uestions that will be answered during this sessionI
How doe t(e ar+(ite+t're of t(e LTE-networ> loo> li>e?
@(at are t(e ta> and f'n+tion of t(e new networ> element?
How doe e+'rit) o5erate in LTE?
Revisiting important Details of the EPS
!
' 9 '
!*! Ar+(ite+t're Overview
!*!*! Evolved 3a+>et Core in Conte4t
"he obJective of this section is to depict the .8C as new network cloud in
conte#t to the legacy and new network clouds.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he image is split into two parts$ in the upper part, the image illustrates the
legacy network parts and clouds which already e#ist with ;88 &el. ? and @.
"hese network parts and clouds are illustrated in gray color.
In the lower part, the new network clouds with &el. A are depicted. "hey have
been coloriKed to provide for a better distinction from the legacy network clouds.
I'+-AN I8 access from non';88 non'trusted access network may be achieved
either directly 0lower option1 or through the packet'switched core network domain
0upper option1.
!*!*!*! E3C v* E3S
"he two terms .8C and .8* can be distinguished as illustrated$
"he .8C represents the core component of the .8*.
"he .8* contains the .8C and the .'3"&AN 0-".1 access network. !owever, it
does not contain the other access networks.
P;"* :;.=B9, ;"* :;.=B:Q
!
' : '
!*!*!*0 Non-AG33 A++e Networ> Btr'ted / non-tr'tedC
In the legacy part 0gray1 the image illustrates the so called non';88 non trusted
access networks which have been supported by ;88'recommendations since
&el. ?.
New with &el. A and *A. are the so called trusted non';88 access networks.
"hose trusted non';88 access networks comply to an .8C'operatorDs security
re2uirements P;"* ;;.=B: 0=.:1Q and are therefore granted direct access to the
.8C.
+hether a non';88 access network is trusted or untrusted is ...
9. either pre'configured in the 3. or ...
:. the 3. learns the trust relationship during .A8'A5A authentication through
that access network from its home'8-)N.
;. 4et another option is that the selected access network does not at all
support .A8'A5A authentication in which case the 3. determines that it
camps on an untrusted non';88 access network.
"he maJor difference for the 3. with respect to the trust relationship of the selected
non';88 access network is that in Runtrusted caseR the 3. must establish an
I8sec'tunnel through I5.v: with an e8% in the .8C P;"* ;;.=B: 0A1Q.
"he illustrated I8sec'tunnel through the non';88 trusted access network is only
necessary in case the *:c'interface is used and it comes without interface name.
Abbreviation of t(i Se+tion,
AKA Authentication and key agreement
(3GTS 33.102)
IKEv2 Internet Key Exchange rotoco! "
#er$ion 2 (%&' (30))
E-UTRAN E#o!#ed *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
Te!ecommunication Sy$tem)
Terre$tria! %adio Acce$$ -et.ork
IPsec Internet /rotoco! " $ecure (%&'
(301)
EAP Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco!
(%&' 30(1)
LTE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS)
EAP-AKA Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco!
method 3or 3rd generation
Authentication and Key Agreement
(%&' (110)
PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork
EPC E#o!#ed /acket 'ore (3GTS 23.(01)
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
SAE Sy$tem Architecture E#o!ution
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem UE *$er E4uiment
I-WLAN Inter.orking 52A- (5ire!e$$ 2oca!
Area -et.ork) (3GTS 23.23()
UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
!
' ; '
!*!*0 Zoom into t(e E3S
"he obJectives of this section are to$
9.Illustrate the inner structure of the .8C and the .'3"&AN.
:. 8oint out the Rone'to'manyR nature of the interconnections within the .8*.
5ey point of this section is that there is no more &NC or ,*C within the
access network.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he image depicts another time the two network clouds .8C and .'3"&AN and
illustrates the physical interconnections 0black lines1 of the various network
elements to the two I8'backbone networks.
P;"* :;.=B9 0>.;.:1Q
!
' = '
!*!*0*! 2'n+tional Overview of Core Networ> Element wit(in t(e E3C
"he 88E or )obility )anagement .ntity takes care of various control plane
functions like mobility management and session management.
"he S-G@ or *erving ateway is the peer of the )). within the user plane and
its functions evolve around packet data routing and forwarding.
"he 37N-Gatewa) has similar functions as the *erving ateway but it remains
the anchor during a packet data connection even if )). and *'+ are
swapped. It is feasible to assume that *NDs will typically be upgraded into
8%N'+Ds.
S-G@ and 37N-G@ may easily be integrated into a single bo# in order to save
hardware and latency. A combination of )). and *'+ is probably less appealing
because the )). is a very slim hardware bo#.
"he e37G is re2uired to interconnect non'trusted non';88 networks to the
.8C. Its functions evolve around tunnel termination towards the 3. and the non'
trusted non';88 access network.
BSC 6a$e Station 'ontro!!er MME +o,i!ity +anagement Entity (3GTS
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
PDN-GW /acket 7ata -et.ork Gate.ay (art
o3 E/')
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
RNC %adio -et.ork 'ontro!!er
ePDG e#o!#ed /acket 7ata Gate.ay (3GTS
23.(02)
S-GW Ser#ing Gate.ay (3GTS 23.(01)
GGSN Gate.ay G/%S Suort -ode UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081)
!
' > '
!*!*A Networ> Element and t(eir 2'n+tion wit(in t(e E3C
!*!*A*! 8obilit) 8anagement Entit) B88EC
!*!*A*!*! C(ara+teriti+
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the most important characteristics
of the ))..
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he )). is a network element that takes care of control plane tasks.
"he )). may physically be part of an **N or *'+ or it may be setup as a
stand'alone network element.
)).Ds are typically organiKed in pool areas 0*9Fle#1 to provide for load
balancing among the )).Ds which belong to the same pool. All eNode,Ds which
belong to the related .'3"&AN pool areas shall have access to the )).Ds
belonging to this )).'pool area0s1.
P;"* :;.BB: 0=.9.=.91, ;"* :;.=B9 0=.=.:1Q
!
' ? '
!*!*A*!*0 Identifi+ation
.ach )). is identified by using an )). roup I% 0)).I1, and an )). Code
0)).C1. ,oth parameters together form the )).I P;"* :;BB; 09H.=.:.=1Q.
Room for )o'r Note,

3GTS 3rd Generation Technica!
Seci3ication
MMEC ++E 'ode
MMEGI ++E Grou Identity
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
MMEI ++E Identity
GW Gate.ay SGSN Ser#ing G/%S Suort -ode
ID Identity UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
MME +o,i!ity +anagement Entity (3GTS
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
!
' @ '
!*!*A*!*A Interfa+e 9 3roto+ol
"he obJectives of this section are to illustrate the ))., its interfaces towards
other network elements and the protocol stacks used on these interfaces.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he green color used for the interfaces indicates the control plane relationship of
a protocol or an interface.
"he interface towards the 3. is depicted to illustrate the NA*'protocol
involvement of the )).. Obviously, this interface is realiKed over *9'A8 and 3u.
"he *9B:'interface towards the cdma:BBB access network is only necessary in
case of circuit'switched fallback for cdma:BBB'networks and it is also re2uired to
support *&/CC.
"he *v'interface is re2uired to support the *&/CC'feature. "he *v'interface is
described in more detail in ;"* :H.:AB.
P;"* :;.=B9 0>.91Q
!
' A '
Room for )o'r Note,

1xCSIWS 1x 'ircuit S.itched Inter.orking
So!ution &unction (3GTS 28.200)
HSS 9ome Su,$cri,er Ser#er :3GTS
23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the 92% .ith
3G// %e!. <
DIAMETER Succe$$or o3 the %A7I*S rotoco! MME +o,i!ity +anagement Entity (3GTS
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
MSC +o,i!e Ser#ice$ S.itching 'enter
EIR E4uiment Identity %egi$ter MSC-S +S'=Ser#er
EMM E/S +o,i!ity +anagement (3GTS
2(.301)
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 S1-AP S1 A!ication /art
EPC E#o!#ed /acket 'ore (3GTS
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
SCTP Stream 'ontro! Tran$mi$$ion
/rotoco! (%&' 28)0)
ESM E/S Se$$ion +anagement (3GTS
2(.301)
SGSN Ser#ing G/%S Suort -ode
GTP G/%S Tunne!ing /rotoco! (3GTS
28.0)0)
TCP Tran$mi$$ion 'ontro! /rotoco!
GTP-C GT/ 'ontro! /!ane UDP *$er 7atagram /rotoco! (%&' 0)1)
GW Gate.ay UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
!
' H '
!*!*A*!*$ Ta> 9 2'n+tion of t(e 88E
!*!*A*!*$*! NAS-Signaling toward t(e ;E
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the )). as peer of the eNode,
and the 3. for different signaling tasks.
"he )). and the 3. use the physical resources of the -".'3u'interface and the
*9'interface to e#change NA*'signaling P;"* :=.;B9Q which relates to .)) and
.*).
!*!*A*!*$*0 S!-Signaling toward t(e eNodeD
)). and eNode, use the *9'A8'protocol for various tasks as stated in the
image.
P;"* ;?.=9;Q
!
' 9B '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
2(.301)
2(.301)
S1-AP S1 A!ication /art
LTE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS) UE *$er E4uiment
!
' 99 '
!*!*A*!*$*A S-G@ and 3-G@ Sele+tion
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the responsibility of the different
network elements to select specific entities inside their pools to become
responsible for a certain 3..
Image 7e+ri5tion
It is the eNode, that selects the )). out of an )).'pool.
"he selection of the *'+ is done based on O()'constraints.
Nevertheless, if the possibility is there to select an *'+ which is integrated with
the selected 8'+, the )). shall prefer this choice.
"he selection of the 8'+ is either predefined through a decision of the !** of
the registering 3. or the )). may apply route optimiKing decisions, e.g. by
selecting a local 8'+ in the /'8-)N in case of roaming.
"he aforementioned route optimiKation is fre2uently called local breakout.
P;"* :;.AA: 0@.:1Q
P;"* :;.=B9 0=.;.A1Q
!
' 9: '
!*!*A*!*$*$ Ot(er Sele+tion 2'n+tion
In addition to the aforementioned selection functions the )). is also responsible
to select the new )). in case of a handover with )).'change.
,esides, the )). will select the **N in case of inter'&A" handovers to *)
or 3)"*, if the packet'switched core network in the :7;'domain supports the
IuFle#'feature.
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
RAT %adio Acce$$ Techno!ogy (e.g.
GE%A-> *T%A-> ...)
GSM G!o,a! Sy$tem 3or +o,i!e
'ommunication
23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the 92% .ith
3G// %e!. <
UE *$er E4uiment
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
UMTS *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication
Sy$tem
O&M ?eration and +aintenance V-PLMN @i$ited /2+-
!
' 9; '
!*!*A*!*$*: Lo+al Drea>o't
"he obJective of this section is to e#plain the term Rlocal breakoutR.
5ey point of this section is to bear in mind that local breakout basically
relates to Rroute optimiKationR in case of roaming.
-ocal breakout re2uires the 3. to using two I8'addresses because traffic from
outside needs an unambiguous route to the 3. and previously to two separate
8%N'gateways.
It is obvious that local breakout will save latency and bandwidth, because the blue
link to the server is essentially shorter than the red link.
!*!*A*!*$*: I8S and Lo+al Drea>o't
-ocal breakout is particularly interesting in case of roaming and I)*'access.
In that case, it may be desirable to allow the user data traffic to RbreakoutR locally
in the /'8-)N whereas the *I8'signaling must in any case be routed to the I)*
in the !'8-)N 0according to the I)*'rules1.
P;"& :;.AA: 0@.:1Q
!
' 9= '
Room for )o'r Note,

3GTR 3rd Generation Technica! %eort IMS Internet /rotoco! +u!timedia 'ore
-et.ork Su,$y$tem (%e!. <
on.ard$)
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
H-PLMN 9ome /2+- SIP Se$$ion Initiation /rotoco! (%&'
32)1)
23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the 92% .ith
3G// %e!. <
V-PLMN @i$ited /2+-
!
' 9> '
!*!*A*0 Serving Gatewa) BS-G@C
!*!*A*0*! C(ara+teriti+
of the *'+.
P:;.BB: 0=.9.=.:.91, :;.=B9 0=.=.;.;1Q
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he *'+ represents the user plane side of the )).
Although the *'+ is logically a separate network element from the 8%N'+ ,
the two network elements may physically be integrated into a single network
element 0e.g. to save on latency1.
*'+Ds are typically organiKed into *'+ pools to provide for load balancing
among the *'+Ds which belong to the same service area.
All eNode,Ds which belong the related .'3"&AN pool areas shall have access to
the *'+Ds belonging to this *'+ service area.
!*!*A*0*0 Identifi+ation
An *'+ has no .8*'specific identifiers and is identified by means of I8'
addresses and 3&-Ds.
!
' 9? '
Room for )o'r Note,

EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem SGSN Ser#ing G/%S Suort -ode
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
URL *ni3orm %e$ource 2ocator (%&'
1031)
PDN /acket 7ata -et.ork UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
!
' 9@ '
!*!*A*0*A Interfa+e 9 3roto+ol
"he obJectives of this section are to illustrate the *'+, its interfaces
towards other network elements and the protocol stacks used on these
interfaces.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he green color of an interface indicates the control plane relationship of a
protocol or an interface. -ikewise, orange color indicates user plane relationship.
Note that on *> and *A interface it is an operator choice to implement either "8
or 8)I8v? together with &.. Irrespective of this choice, the *'+ must support
"8 on various other interfaces like for e#ample towards ))., eNode, or &NC.
P;"* :;.=B9 0>.91, :;.=B: 0>.91Q
!
' 9A '
Room for )o'r Note,

DIAMETER Succe$$or o3 the %A7I*S rotoco! MME +o,i!ity +anagement Entity (3GTS
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
PCRF /o!icy and 'harging %u!e$ &unction
(3GTS 23.203)
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 PDN /acket 7ata -et.ork
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
GRE Generic %outing Enca$u!ation
(%&' 201()
PMIPv /roxy +o,i!e I/#)
28.0)0)
GTP-C GT/ 'ontro! /!ane S-GW Ser#ing Gate.ay (3GTS 23.(01)
GTP-U GT/ *$er /!ane SCTP Stream 'ontro! Tran$mi$$ion
/rotoco! (%&' 28)0)
H-PLMN 9ome /2+- SGSN Ser#ing G/%S Suort -ode
HSGW 9%/7 Ser#ing Gate.ay (cdma2000
term)
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) UDP *$er 7atagram /rotoco! (%&' 0)1)
!
' 9H '
!*!*A*0*$ Ta> 9 2'n+tion of t(e S-G@
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the tasks and functions of the *'
+.
!*!*A*0*$*! 3a+>et Ro'ting / Rela)ing
!*!*A*0*$*0 Legal Inter+e5tion
!*!*A*0*$*A ECI-baed 3a+>et Tagging
+hen the *'+ receives I8'packets in uplink or downlink direction it will check the
related CCI'value based on the relationship of the packet to a certain service data
flow and handle the packet accordingly, e.g. relay it to the responsible "8'tunnel or
&.'tunnel.
!*!*A*0*$*$ A++o'nting
P;"* :;.=B9 0=.=.;.:1, :;.=B: 0=.;.;.:1Q
!
' :B '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
GRE Generic %outing Enca$u!ation (%&'
201()
!CI AoS '!a$$ Identi3ier
28.0)0)
!
' :9 '
!*!*A*A 37N Gatewa) B3-G@ or 37N-G@C
!*!*A*A*! C(ara+teriti+
of the 8'+.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he home agent function is only applicable if the 3. accesses the 8'+ through
one of the interfaces *:a, *:b or *:c.
It may make sense to build only combined *'+ 7 8'+ nodes in order to save
latency. !owever, this re2uires interconnection points to the e#ternal 8%N at the
location of every *'+.
!*!*A*A*0 Identifi+ation
A 8'+ is identified by means of I8'addresses and 3&-Ds.
In addition and by means of specific %N*'resolution, a 8'+ is logically
identified through A8NDs which refer to a specific service 08%N'access1 that a
given 8'+ can provide 0see section :.9.:.9.91.
P:;.BB: 0=.9.=.:.:1, :;.=B9 0=.;.;.;1, :;=B: 0=.=.;.;1Q
!
' :: '
Room for )o'r Note,

APN Acce$$ /oint -ame (%e3erence to a
GGS-)
P-GW /acket 7ata -et.ork Gate.ay (art
o3 E/')
DNS 7omain -ame Sy$tem PDN /acket 7ata -et.ork
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
o3 E/')
GGSN Gate.ay G/%S Suort -ode PMIPv /roxy +o,i!e I/#) (%&' <213)
H"A 9ome Addre$$ S-GW Ser#ing Gate.ay (3GTS 23.(01)
LMA 2oca! +o,i!ity Anchor (%&' <213) URL *ni3orm %e$ource 2ocator (%&'
1031)
MIPv# +o,i!e I/ @er$ion (
!
' :; '
!*!*A*A*A Interfa+e 9 3roto+ol
"he obJectives of this section are to illustrate the 8'+, its interfaces
interfaces.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he green color indicates the control plane relationship of a protocol or an
interface. -ikewise, orange color indicates user plane relationship.
"he .*8'tunnel over *:c has been established using .A8'A5A over I5.v:.
"he protocol layer SApplicationT comprises among others http, *I8, &"8 0with
voice or video1.
P;"* :;.=B9 0>.91, :;.=B: 0>.91Q
%*)I8v?
!
' := '
Room for )o'r Note,

AAA Authentication> AuthoriBation and
Accounting
DIAMETER Succe$$or o3 the %A7I*S rotoco! NAT -et.ork Addre$$ Tran$!ation (%&'
1)31)
DSMIPv 7ua! Stack +o,i!e I/#) P-GW /acket 7ata -et.ork Gate.ay (art
o3 E/')
(%&' (110)
(3GTS 23.203)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
ESP Enca$u!ating Security /ay!oad
(%&' (303)
PMIPv /roxy +o,i!e I/#) (%&' <213)
201()
RTP %ea!=time Tran$ort /rotoco! (%&'
3<<0> %&' 3<<1)
28.0)0)
/rotoco! (%&' 28)0)
GTP-C GT/ 'ontro! /!ane SG$ %e3erence /oint in 2TE
GTP-U GT/ *$er /!ane SIP Se$$ion Initiation /rotoco! (%&'
32)1)
#er$ion 2 (%&' (30))
IMS Internet /rotoco! +u!timedia 'ore
on.ard$)
UDP *$er 7atagram /rotoco! (%&' 0)1)
IPv# Internet /rotoco! (#er$ion () V-PLMN @i$ited /2+-
!
' :> '
!*!*A*A*$ Ta> 9 2'n+tion of t(e 3-G@
"he obJective of this section is to present the tasks and functions of the 8'
+.
!*!*A*A*$*! ;E I3 Addre Allo+ation
!*!*A*A*$*0 ECI-baed 3a+>et Tagging
"he 8'+ performs this task as part of the classification and according to the
installed Co*'policy.
,ased on the installed %-'"F", the CCI is determined and traffic handling rules
are determined.
!*!*A*A*$*A 3oli+) Enfor+ement
"raffic shaping$ %elay data packet transmission until resources become
available.
"raffic policing$ %iscard packet if no resources to transmit them are available.
!
' :? '
!*!*A*A*$*$ Legal Inter+e5tion
Cuestion No 9$ +hy does the 8'+ perform legal interception and the *'+
and, as you will see, the e8%, tooF
!*!*A*A*$*: Home Agent 2'n+tion
P;"* :;.=B9 0=.=.;.;1, :;.=B: 0=.;.;.;1Q
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
PMIPv /roxy +o,i!e I/#) (%&' <213)
DL 7o.n!ink !CI AoS '!a$$ Identi3ier
DSMIPv 7ua! Stack +o,i!e I/#) !"S Aua!ity o3 Ser#ice
GW Gate.ay S-GW Ser#ing Gate.ay (3GTS 23.(01)
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) TFT Tra33ic &!o. Tem!ate
LMA 2oca! +o,i!ity Anchor (%&' <213) UE *$er E4uiment
o3 E/')
!
' :@ '
!*!*A*$ en(an+ed 3a+>et 7ata Gatewa) Be37GC
!*!*A*$*! C(ara+teriti+
of the e8%.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he e8% is an enhanced 8% as defined in &elease ?. 8lease recall that a
8% usually was physically broken down into two parts$ one inside the *N
and one inside the "" P;"* :;.:;=Q.
"he selection of an e8% through the 3. occurs either through static
configuration or dynamically P;"* :;.=B: 0=.>.=1Q.
!*!*A*$*0 Identifi+ation
An e8% has no .8*'specific identifiers and is identified by means of I8'
addresses and 3&-Ds.
P;"* :;.=B: 0=.;.=1Q
!
' :A '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
PDG /acket 7ata Gate.ay
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem TTG Tunne! Termination Gate.ay
GGSN Gate.ay G/%S Suort -ode UE *$er E4uiment
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) URL *ni3orm %e$ource 2ocator (%&'
1031)
MAG +o,i!e Acce$$ Gate.ay (%&' <213)
!
' :H '
!*!*A*$*A Interfa+e 9 3roto+ol
"he obJectives of this section are to illustrate the e8%, its interfaces
interfaces.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he green color indicates the control plane relationship of a protocol or an
interface. -ikewise, orange color indicates user plane relationship. "he black
lines represent physical links which are used to piggyback the *+u'interface.
"he .*8'tunnel over *:c has been established using .A8'A5A over I5.v:.
"he #b'interface as depicted in the image is currently not specified.
P;"* :;.=B9 0>.91, :;.=B: 0>.91Q
!
' ;B '
Room for )o'r Note,

AAA Authentication> AuthoriBation and
Accounting
201()
(3GTS 33.102)
#er$ion 2 (%&' (30))
DIAMETER Succe$$or o3 the %A7I*S rotoco! IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081)
EAP Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco!
(%&' 30(1)
(3GTS 23.203)
(%&' (110)
PMIPv /roxy +o,i!e I/#) (%&' <213)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
/rotoco! (%&' 28)0)
ePDG e#o!#ed /acket 7ata Gate.ay
(3GTS 23.(02)
ESP Enca$u!ating Security /ay!oad
(%&' (303)
!
' ;9 '
!*!*A*$*$ Ta> 9 2'n+tion of t(e e37G
"he obJective of this section is to present the tasks and functions of the
e8%.
!*!*A*$*$*! ES3-T'nnel 8gmt toward ;EF
"he allocated I8'address is Just relayed by the e8%. It stems from the 8'+.
!*!*A*$*$*0 EoS-5e+ifi+ 3a+>et Tagging in ;L-7ire+tion
!*!*A*$*$*A Legal Inter+e5tion
!*!*A*$*$*$ 8AG-2'n+tion for 38I3v#
P;"* :;.=B: 0=.;.=1Q
!
' ;: '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
o3 E/')
ePDG e#o!#ed /acket 7ata Gate.ay (3GTS
23.(02)
PMIPv /roxy +o,i!e I/#) (%&' <213)
ESP Enca$u!ating Security /ay!oad (%&'
(303)
!"S Aua!ity o3 Ser#ice
GW Gate.ay UE *$er E4uiment
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) UL *!ink
!
' ;; '
!*!*$ E3S Ar+(ite+t're for Goi+e S'55ort BCS2D or GoI3I8S wit(
SRGCCC H How i S8S '55orted?
"he key point of this section is to show that the I)* is the Anchor of the /oI8
call when the 3. establishes the ))"el in I)* and needs to be handed over
to legacy 3)"*7*) or C%)A. "he procedure for handing over a /oI8I)*
call to C*'domain in 3)"*7*) or C%)A is called *&/CC and re2uires the
*v'interface between )*C and )). for ;88 interconnectivity. For handing
over a 8*'voice call to C*'domain in C%)A, the *9BN interface0s1 are
re2uired between )). and C%)ADs C*'core.
Note that we also show the C*'Fallback possibility beside *&/CC. It should
be clear that for targeting small interruption times of the voice'call Just
!
' ;= '
a seamless !O can be used for e.g. *&/CC.
Image 7e+ri5tion
In addition to the primary focus on enabling an efficient )obile ,roadband
solution, the support for voice services was not forgotten in the ;88 *A.
specification work. From the start, it was however agreed that -". is a packet'only
access network, allowing an optimiKation for packet services. *ince the voice
services so far have been realiKed using circuit'switched technologies 0C*'%omain1,
this meant that specific mechanisms were introduced to also allow for voice services
for users of the packet data services offered over the -". access.
"he two main solutions for voice are to either use the I)* mechanisms and realiKe
voice using the )ulti)edia "elephony 0))"el1 framework, that is using voice'over'
I8, or to stick to the UoldO circuit'switched way of providing voice services. "he
second option is in ;88 specifications realiKed through that users temporarily leave
-". to perform the voice calls over :7;, and then return when the voice call is
finished. "his C*F, 0circuit'switched fallback1 is for sure not the most elegant of
solutions, but can be seen primarily as a gap'filler in case I)* infrastructure is not in
place. "he biggest drawbacks of C*F, are its latency, means delay until the /oice
Call can be established and in the loss of the high throughput ,earers for the 8*'
*ervices particularly when the Fallback network is .&AN and no %") is supported
then the 8*'services must be even suspended.
+hen a user engaged in an I)*'/oI87))"el voice call moves around, it is not
unlikely that the user device may encounter that the -". radio coverage is being
lost. After all, this is a mobile system, and this of course may happen fre2uently
depending on how users move around. For this purpose, ;88 specified
mechanisms to hand over an ongoing voice call in I)*7))"el. +hat happens then
depends on whether the new 0target system1 can support I)*'/oI87))"el or not.
If this is the case, this will be solved through a packet handover procedure and the
I)*'/oI87))"el session will continue after the handover. If this is not the case, the
I)*7))"el session will be handed over to a circuit'switched call in *), +C%)A
or 9#&"" 0!O to legacy C* V *&/CC 0*ingle &adio /oice Call Continuity11. "o
achieve a smooth handover, this procedure involves pre'registration of the terminal
in the target system C* domain 0i.e., the system that the terminal will be attached to
instead of -". after the handover1 and an efficient handover signaling. If no I)* is
present in the network at all or -". users have to temporarily leave -". during voice
calls as described above, the )). interacts with the circuit'switched infrastructure
to achieve this temporary suspension of the -". services. "he case of a packet
handover to *)7+C%)A is supported using handover signalling over the *; 0or
n1 interface between the )). and the **N. "he corresponding interface for
C%)A is called *9B9 and connects the )). to the S&NCT used for e!&8%. In order
to further optimiKed the packet handover performance, packet forwarding may be
used 0it is optional1. "his means that any packets destined for the user device that
may have happened to have been sent UdownwardsO from the 8%N + 0to either the
**N, *erving + or e!&8% !*+1 may be forwarded to the corresponding node
in the target system. "his is not absolutely re2uired, but may improve the user
e#perience of a handover, since in theory no data need to be lost during the
handover. "he case of packet forwarding between -". and *)7+C%)A is
supported over n7*= between **N and *erving +, whereas the case of -".'
e!&8% packet forwarding is supported over the *9B; interface between the *erving
+ and the !*+.
!
' ;> '
Note$ if the I)*I is not available, both voice and *)* support comes from C*'
%omain 0legacy )*C1. ,ut there is a difference between *)* support and voice
support from )*C WX *)* transmission and reception takes place in -"., the 3.
does not leave the .'3"&AN 0but for *upplementary *ervices1 but for C*'/oice, the
3. need to SfallbackT to legacy .&AN73"&AN 0C*'%omain1 in order to establish
mobile originating or mobile terminating C*'call.
In the case ))"el7/oI8'I)*Gcall is not supported by the 0legacy1 target network,
there are functions for handing over an I)*'based ))"el session to a circuit'
switched voice call in *), +C%)A or C%)A 9#&"". "his handover is realiKed
through procedures e#ecuted over the *v interface between the )). and the )*C
*erver 0for *) and +C%)A1 or the *9B: interface between the )). and the
9#&"" )*C. "his procedure is known as U*ingle'&adio /oice Call ContinuityO
0*&/CC1.
Finally, support for always falling back to circuit'switched calls even when in -".
coverage 0which means that no I)* infrastructure is used1 is supported through
signaling over the *s interface between )). and a *)7+C%)A )*C *erver or
over the *9B: interface connecting the )). to an 9#&"" )*C. "his procedure is
known as UCircuit'*witched FallbackO 0C*F,1.
S'mmar)
For the case of localiKed .'3"&AN deployments within e#tended :7; C*
coverage, and mobility across the boundary of .'3"&AN coverage during a voice
call$ the assumption is that 091 voice over I8 0via I)*1 is deployed by the operator,
and 0:1 due to the limitations of radio bands, no parallel operation of radio
transceivers 0for both radio technologies1 is possibleY the solution is called *ingle
&adio /oice Call Continuity and is based on an application server in the I)*
domain, from where interworking towards )*C is controlled.
For the case of overlapping coverages of .'3"&AN and :7; C*, where the
operator does not 0yet1 want to deploy I)* for voice services, and the decision on
the voice call handling is taken before the corresponding originating or terminating
re2uest is made7accepted$ a fallback mechanism to C* has been developed
0C*F,7C* fallback1. *ervices related to voice 0*)* and *upplementary *ervices1
were included in this mechanism.
,oth solutions have variants for the legacy C* technology stemming from ;88 or
from ;88: 0i.e., 9#&""1. Altogether they constitute high investments into
standardiKation, development, testing, rollout and deployment7operationY however,
one can see from this fact also their importance for operators.
Another solution for voice in -".7.8* was proposed P/o-AQ, but finally not
followed
on in ;88$ C* over 8*, meaning that the legacy C* protocol stack is left
unchanged, and the C* signaling is only encapsulated and transported over the
.volved 8* layer to a the point of interconnection 0enhanced )*C1, where it is then
de'capsulated and handed over to the conventional C* protocol machine again.
7etail on SRGCC BSingle Radio Goi+e Call Contin'it)C
As e#plained above, a concept for smooth interworking at least for ongoing voice
services between the 8* system and legacy C* system 0both in its ;88 and
C%)A:BBB, 9#&""1 was sought. It relies on standard means ofare two variants$
9. ,ased on dual radio$ it can be applied when the characteristics of the two involved
radio technologies allows parallel operation of transceivers 0senders and receivers1.
A solution was developed already in &el. @ for /CC between legacy C* and pre'*A.
8* technology 0in practice +-AN1. In such a case the two systems need not be
coupled tightly, because handover preparation for the target system can take place
while the terminal is still connected via the source system. %ual radio /CC is not
discussed further here.
!
' ;? '
:. For single radio 0*&/CC1$ if the bands of the two involved radio technologies are
too near, due to physical limitations of radio transmission 0interference1, transceivers
cannot operate in parallel. In this case the handover must be prepared in the target
access while the terminal is connected to the source system, because no connection
can be opened in parallel.
It leads to a tighter coupling than variant 9, both in terms of interfaces and
procedures.
,ased on the e#pected rollout scenarios of .'3"&AN, only the direction from
.3"&AN'8* M C* was considered for *&/CC. "he underlying assumption is that
C* coverage e#ists virtually everywhere, and then there is no need to continue a C*
call in 8*, if the corresponding coverage is entered. "he case of .'3"&AN only
coverage is thus not covered.
"he I)*'/oI8 call is anchored in I)* before *&/CC handoverY as the 3. moves, it
performs measurements of the radio signal 0strength and 2uality of transmission1,
both for the .'3"&AN cell it is currently using and the neighboring .&AN73"&AN
cells 0it knows these thanks to instructions by the serving cell1. "he measurement
reports are sent to the serving cell and used to determine the handover point, and
eventually the concrete cell to be used after handoverY in this voice support of
.&AN73"&AN cells are utiliKed. "he eNode, then sends a *&/CC trigger
message to )).. )). initiates the intersystem handover via a trigger message
across *v, which leads to resource reservation in .&AN73"&AN like for an intra'
C* handover. Also, the )*C server initiates signaling for call establishment towards
the *&/CC A* 0application server for *&/CC1. After resource reservation has been
acknowledged back to )).7eN,, eN, commands the 3. to move to
.&AN73"&AN. "he 3. performs there C* handover completion. "he full message
flow details is presented in sub'section in chapter ?.
"he *&/CC solution does not only support a single voice session to be handed over
seamlessly. It can also be used if the voice call occurs in combination with a non'
voice service, like video streaming, although in this case the non'voice traffic
handover does not enJoy the same smoothness7seamlessness. *till, the user
e#perience for voice is most critical, and small interruptions of e.g. the video or
fallback to lower bandwidth are deemed acceptable. +ith non'voice components, a
8* handover procedure is performed in parallel to the 8*'C* handover.
administered by O)A %evice )anagement and corresponding data is transferred
to the 3.Y a specific )anagement ObJect has been defined, containing settings for
numbers to be used in session transfer re2uests, preference of transfer directions,
preference of media in different access systems, detailed conditions on when the
transfer shall take place.
Note that 3"&AN73)"* in &el. A supports also the /oI87I)* Call with a *&/CC
!O functionality
For C*'Fallback there are basically following signaling methods possible in order
to push the 3. from .'3"&AN to other &A" like *)7.8&* or 3)"*.
For changing the 3. to 3)"* the *pec defines the 8*'!andover to 3)"* and the
&&C Connection &elease with &edirection Info for 3)"*.
For changing the 3. to *)7.8&* the *pec defines beside the 8*'handover also
the eNACC and CCO and of course the &edirection.
Note that this procedures are layout in later chapter of the course.
!
' ;@ '
!*0 3roto+ol Sta+>
!*0*! Control 3lane / E-;TRAN - E3C
"he obJectives of this section are to depict the protocols which are related to
the control plane between 3., )). and !** and to highlight whether these
protocols are .'3"&AN'specific, .8C'specific or generic.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he .*)' and .))'protocols are referred to as NA*'protocols.
*ince .*)'messages may be piggybacked inside .))'messages, the .*)'
protocol has been depicted as illustrated above.
!
' ;A '
Room for )o'r Note,

DIAMETE
R
Succe$$or o3 the %A7I*S rotoco! PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco!
PH% /hy$ica! 2ayer
2(.301)
RLC %adio 2ink 'ontro!
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
2(.301)
23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the 92% .ith
3G// %e!. <
/rotoco! (%&' 28)0)
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) TCP Tran$mi$$ion 'ontro! /rotoco!
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! UE *$er E4uiment
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
!
' ;H '
!*0*0 ;er 3lane E-;TRAN H E3C BS:/SI GT3-baedC
the user plane between 3. and 8%N'+ in case that "8 is applied on
*>7*A and to highlight whether these protocols are .'3"&AN'specific, .8C'
specific of generic.
!
' =B '
Room for )o'r Note,

DIAMETER Succe$$or o3 the %A7I*S rotoco! PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco!
o3 E/')
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
PH% /hy$ica! 2ayer
28.0)0)
GTP-U GT/ *$er /!ane S1-AP S1 A!ication /art
23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the 92%
.ith 3G// %e!. <
/rotoco! (%&' 28)0)
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) TCP Tran$mi$$ion 'ontro! /rotoco!
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! UDP *$er 7atagram /rotoco! (%&' 0)1)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
UE *$er E4uiment
NAT -et.ork Addre$$ Tran$!ation (%&'
1)31)
!
' =9 '
!*0*A ;er 3lane E-;TRAN H E3C BS:/SI 38I3v#/GRE-baedC
the user plane between 3. and 8%N'+ in case that &. is applied on
*>7*A and to highlight whether these protocols are .'3"&AN'specific, .8C'
specific of generic.
!
' =: '
Room for )o'r Note,

PDN /acket 7ata -et.ork
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
o3 E/')
201()
PH% /hy$ica! 2ayer
28.0)0)
PMIPv /roxy +o,i!e I/#) (%&' <213)
GTP-U GT/ *$er /!ane RLC %adio 2ink 'ontro!
23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the 92% .ith
3G// %e!. <
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) SCTP Stream 'ontro! Tran$mi$$ion
/rotoco! (%&' 28)0)
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! TCP Tran$mi$$ion 'ontro! /rotoco!
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
NAT -et.ork Addre$$ Tran$!ation (%&'
1)31)
UE *$er E4uiment
PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco! UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
!
' =; '
!*A Se+'rit) Ar+(ite+t're
!*A*! Overview 9 Introd'+tion
"he obJective of this section is to introduce the most important characteristics
of the .8* security architecture.
!
' == '
!*A*!*! Eential
8lease note that eNode, also includes home eNode,Ds.
!*A*!*0 E3S-A&A
!*A*!*A Se+'rit) i 5erformed independently in two 5roto+ol la)er
Cuestion No :$ +hat are the reasons from your perspective to introduce security
on two different layersF
!*A*!*$ Algorit(m
AES Ad#anced Encrytion Standard "
'iher Key 2ength$C 121 ,it> 182 ,it
or 2<) ,it
23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the 92% .ith
3G// %e!. <
ASME Acce$$ Security +anagement Entity IK Integrity Key (3GTS 33.102)
AUTN Authentication Token (3GTS 33.102) MME +o,i!ity +anagement Entity (3GTS
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
CK 'ihering Key (3GTS 33.102) NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum
DRB 7ata %adio 6earer PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco!
EEA E/S Encrytion A!gorithm (3GTS
33.(01)
RAND %andom -um,er
EIA E/S Integrity /rotection A!gorithm
(3GTS 33.(01)
RES %e$on$e
2(.301)
EPS-AKA E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem=
(3GTS 33.(01)
SHA Secure 9a$h A!gorithm
2(.301)
SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
HLR 9ome 2ocation %egi$ter UE *$er E4uiment
HMAC Keyed 9a$hing 3or +e$$age
Authentication (%&' 210()
Sy$tem
USIM *ni#er$a! Su,$cri,er Identity +odu!e
!
' => '
!*A*0 O5eration of ;8TS-A&A
"he obJective of this section is to depict the operation of the 3)"*'A5A.
5ey point of this section is that the illustrated algorithms f9 E f> are operator
specific.
P;"* ;;.9B:Q
!
' =? '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
IK Integrity Key (3GTS 33.102)
AK Anonymity Key (3GTS 33.102) MAC +e$$age Authentication 'ode
(3GTS 33.102)
RAND %andom -um,er
AMF Authentication management 3ie!d
(3GTS 33.102)
S!N Se4uence num,er (u$ed in *+TS=
$ecurity architecture " 3GTS 33.102)
AUTN Authentication Token (3GTS 33.102) UMTS *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication
Sy$tem
CK 'ihering Key (3GTS 33.102) &RES Exected %e$on$e (3GTS 33.102)
!
' =@ '
!*A*A &e) 7erivation 2'n+tion B&72C
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the principles of the key derivation
function used within the .8*'environment.
P;"* ;;.=B9 0A.9.91Q
!
' =A '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
KDF Key 7eri#ation &unction (3GTS
33.(01)
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem SHA Secure 9a$h A!gorithm
!
' =H '
!*A*A*! Com5re(enion C(e+> 9 3ra+ti+al E4er+ie,
T(e &72 SB!1C for &BAS8EC
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate to the student how the key
50A*).1 is derived from concatenated information elements and the C5 and
I5 derived from the 3)"*'A5A.
Cuestion No ;$ Fill in the input parameters to derive 50A*).1 applying the *09B1
key derivation function.
to be continued on the ne#t page
!
' >B '
Room for )o'r Note,

ASME Acce$$ Security +anagement Entity KDF Key 7eri#ation &unction (3GTS
33.(01)
CK 'ihering Key (3GTS 33.102) SHA Secure 9a$h A!gorithm
UMTS-
AKA
*ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication
Sy$tem = Authentication and Key
Agreement (3GTS 33.102)
!
' >9 '
!*A*A*!*! In5't 3arameter
"he secret input parameters are I5 and C5 with a length of 9? octets each. "hey
stem from a previous run of 3)"*'A5A P;"* ;;.9B:Q.
Other input parameters are the serving network identity 0)CC Z )NC1 and *CN
0#or1 A5 which also stems from the previous run of 3)"*'A5A.
Although C5 and I5 together provide a key length of :>? bits and although the
length of 50A*).1 is :>? bit, the efficient key length is ultimately restricted by the
subscriber key 5i with a length of only 9:A bit.
P;"* ;;.=B9 0A.:1Q
!
' >: '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
AK Anonymity Key (3GTS 33.102) MCC +o,i!e 'ountry 'ode :IT*=T E.212;
ASME Acce$$ Security +anagement Entity MNC +o,i!e -et.ork 'ode
CK 'ihering Key (3GTS 33.102) S!N Se4uence num,er (u$ed in *+TS=
$ecurity architecture " 3GTS 33.102)
UMTS-
AKA
!
' >; '
!*A*$ E3S-A&A in O5eration d'ring Initial Atta+( 3ro+ed're
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate how the ))., the eNode, and
the 3. determine the different security keys which are re2uired within the
.8*.
!
' >= '
Cuestion No =$ Fill in the missing keys 0[WX 50#yK11 into the image.
Room for )o'r Note,

ASME Acce$$ Security +anagement Entity NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum
AUTN Authentication Token (3GTS 33.102) PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork
CK 'ihering Key (3GTS 33.102) PS /acket S.itched
CRC 'yc!ic %edundancy 'heck RAND %andom -um,er
DIA 7iameter /rotoco! (%&' 3<11> %&'
3<18)
RES %e$on$e
2(.301)
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 S1-AP S1 A!ication /art
23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the 92% .ith
3G// %e!. <
UL *!ink
IK Integrity Key (3GTS 33.102) UMTS-
AKA
IMSI Internationa! +o,i!e Su,$cri,er
Identity
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
&RES Exected %e$on$e (3GTS 33.102)
!
' >> '
!*A*: ;e of t(e different Se+'rit) Algorit(m
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate where which security algorithms
are applied within the .8*.
5ey point of this section is that there is no integrity protection done for user
plane data.
!
' >? '
Room for )o'r Note,

CRC 'yc!ic %edundancy 'heck ESM E/S Se$$ion +anagement (3GTS
2(.301)
DL 7o.n!ink MME +o,i!ity +anagement Entity (3GTS
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
EEA E/S Encrytion A!gorithm (3GTS
33.(01)
2(.301)
PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco!
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem UL *!ink
!
' >@ '
Leon Learned / Con+l'ion

!
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C(a5ter 0,
T(e Non-A++e-Strat'm, E88 9 ES8
Ob=e+tive
@(at are im5ortant E88- and ES8-5e+ifi+ 5ro+ed're?
@(at i t(e format of E88- and ES8-meage?
How are im5ortant +enario li>e atta+(ment and tra+>ing area '5dating
5erformed?
The on-A!!ess-Strat"m# E$$ % ES$
0
' >H '
0*! E3S 8obilit) 8anagement BE88C
0*!*! Im5ortant E88-3ro+ed're
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the different .))'procedures.
8rocedures can be combined with each other. .#ample$ "he authentication
procedure is typically part of the attachment procedure.
P;"* :=.;B9 0>.9.:1Q
0
' ?B '
0*!*!*! Common 3ro+ed're
Common procedures are typically embedded into a given specific procedure.
0*!*!*0 S5e+ifi+ 3ro+ed're
0*!*!*A Conne+tion 8anagement 3ro+ed're
Room for )o'r Note,

E-UTRA E#o!#ed *+TS Terre$tria! %adio
Acce$$
GUTI G!o,a! *ni4ue Termina! Identity
(3GTS 23.003)
2(.301)
EPS E#o!#ed /acket S.itched UE *$er E4uiment
0
' ?9 '
0*!*0 State 8a+(ine
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the different .))'states and their
relationship.
P;"* :=.;B9 0>1Q
.)) and .*) are linked with each other P;"* :=.;B9 0=.:1Q. "his relates
particularly to the piggybacked Sdefault .8*'bearerT establishment when the 3.
attaches to the .8C.
0*!*0*! Relation(i5 between E88 and EC8
In general, .C) relates to the presence of an *9'bearer plus &&C'connection. As
long as both are present, the 3. is in .C)'CONN.C".% mode. 3pon release, the
3. switches to .C)'I%-. mode.
"herefore, the 3. may well be .))'registered but still be .C)'idle.
+hile the 3. is in .C)'CONN.C".% state, the network is in charge to
control the 3.'mobility. +hile the 3. is in .C)'CONN.C".% mode, the
location of the 3. is known with the granularity of a cell inside an eNode,.
+hile the 3. is in .C)'I%-. mode, the location of the 3. is known with the
granularity of a tracking area. +ithin .C)'I%-. mode, the 3. shall perform
autonomous cell reselection and tracking area update procedures.
P;"* ;?.;BB 0A.:1, ;"* :=.;B9 0>.9.;.:.:.=1Q
0
' ?: '
Image de+ri5tion
"he picture is shows the .)) states in -". and their main characteristics. It
focuses on the processes in the .8C.
E88-7EREGISTERE7 9 EC8-I7LE
!ere the 3. has only its I)*I and it is not known by the network all. Once it selects
the 8-)N it will go to .))'&.I*".&.% ( .C)'CONN.C".% during registration.
E88-REGISTERE7 9 EC8-I7LE
!ere is 3. has the full set of I%Os$ *'")*I, "AI and an I8 address. Its position is
known on "A level and has a conte#t prepared in the .8C which can be activated
very fast. "he 3. has to perform "A updates.
E88-REGISTERE7 9 EC8-CONNECTE7
In this state the 3. has a full conte#t for data transmission and data reception. It is
known by the .8C on eN, level. In case there in an inter )). handover the .8C
will be involved in this handover.
P;"& :>.A9; 0>.>.:1, ;"* ;?.;BB A.:1Q
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
2(.301)
ECM E/S 'onnection +anagement (3GTS
2(.301)
2(.301)
UE *$er E4uiment
0
' ?; '
0*!*A ;E 8ode of O5eration '5on Atta+( H Goi+e 7omain
3referen+e and ;EF ;age Setting
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the different 3. operation modes
the 3. needs to decide upon when performing the registration in .8*.
"he key points of this section are$
"he 3. decides either to preform an .8* only 0W 8* only1 attach to .8*
*ervices only or the 3. decides to perform an combined attach which means
the 3. SlikesT to have7receive C*'*ervices 0via )*C1 beside .8* *ervices.
"he .)) A""AC! or .)) "&AC5IN A&.A 38%A". procedure does not
distinguish between )ode 9 and )ode : of 8* only or C*78* 0combined1
)ode 9 and :. "his means the 3. Just performs an .8* only Attach or an
Combined Attach and the 3. decides internally for itself whether it is )ode 9
0voice centric V )obile "erminal, smart phone1 or )ode : 0data centric V
data'card, modem1. "he .)) A""AC! ACC.8" or the .)) "&AC5IN
A&.A 38%A". ACC.8" message informs the 3. about the availability of
the I)*. "his means the 3. can at first perform an combined A""AC!
0C*78* )ode :1 and after having received the presence information for the
I)*, the 3. may register to I)*.
0
' ?= '
=. If the 3. is voice centric but prefers I)* however I)* may not be
available then the 3. performs after the A""AC! an combined "&AC5IN
A&.A 38%A". in order to seek C*'*ervices 0C*F,1.
Image 7e+ri5tion
A 3. attached for .8* services shall operate in one of the following operation
modes$
8* mode 9 of operation$ the 3. registers only to .8* services, and 3.Ds usage
setting is Rvoice centricRY
8* mode : of operation$ the 3. registers only to .8* services, and 3.Ds usage
setting is Rdata centricRY
C*78* mode 9 of operation$ the 3. registers to both .8* and non'.8* services,
and 3.Ds usage setting is Rvoice centricRY and
C*78* mode : of operation$ the 3. registers to both .8* and non'.8* services,
and 3.Ds usage setting is Rdata centricR.
A 3. configured to use C* fallback 0C*F,1, shall operate in C*78* mode 9 or
C*78* mode :. *uch 3. may also be configured to use I)*, in which case the
voice domain preference for .'3"&AN shall be used for the selection of the domain
for originating voice communication services. A 3. configured to use *)* over
*s, but not configured to use C* fallback, shall operate in C*78* mode 9 or C*78*
mode :. "he behavior of the 3. in C*78* mode 9 of operation, upon failure to
access the C* domain or upon reception of a RC* fallback not preferredR or R*)*
onlyR indication, will depend on the availability of voice over I)*. In the present
document, RI)* voice not availableR refers to one of the following conditions$
the 3. is not configured to use I)*Y
the 3. is not configured to use I)* voice, i.e. when the voice domain preference for
.'3"&AN indicates that voice communication services are allowed to be invoked
only over the C* domainY
the 3. is configured to use I)* voice, but the network indicates in the A""AC!
ACC.8" message or the "&AC5IN A&.A 38%A". ACC.8" message that I)*
voice over 8* sessions are not supportedY or
the 3. is configured to use I)* voice, the network indicates in the A""AC!
ACC.8" message or the "&AC5IN A&.A 38%A". ACC.8" message that I)*
voice over 8* sessions are supported, but the upper layers indicate that registration
to I)* has not succeeded. P;"* :=.;B9 0=.;1Q
Goi+e 7omain 3referen+e and ;EF ;age Setting
P;"* :=.BBA 0H.=.9.991 /oice domain preference and 3.Ds usage settingQ
"he )* shall shall if the )* supports C* fallback and *)* over *s, or the )* is
configured to support I)* voice, or bothY and if the )* is .'3"&AN capable.
CSFB 'ircuit=$.itched &a!! 6ack (#oice
$er#ice i$ $uorted ,y 2G"3G %AT)
on.ard$)
EMM E/S (E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem)
+o,i!ity +anagement (3GTS 2(.301)
PS /acket S.itched
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem SGs Inter3ace ,et.een ++E and +S'
0
' ?> '
0*!*$ 8eage 2ormat
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the message format that is used
for .))'messages.
5ey points of this section are$
9. "he Ssecurity headerT is not necessarily present.
:. "he protocol discriminator as part of the first octet repeats inside the plain
.))'message if a security header is present.
0*!*$*! Se+'rit) Header
"he presence of the security header is conditional as indicated through the
yellow color. It shall be present as soon as security in the form of integrity
protection and possibly encryption have been negotiated.
"he security header is put upfront the plain NA* message and uses the same
protocol discriminator value S@T.
"he related Ssecurity header typeT partially acts as a message type as there are
specific settings for certain messages. 8rimarily, the Ssecurity header typeT
identifies whether a message is a plain NA* message 0security header type W B1,
whether it is Just integrity protected or integrity protected and ciphered.
P;"* :=.;B9 0H.;.91Q
0
' ?? '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
Oc'e' 1 ,it
2(.301)
PD /rotoco! 7i$criminator
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum PD /acket 7ata
0
' ?@ '
0*!*: Im5ortant E88-S+enario
0*!*:*! Atta+(ment t(ro'g( E-;TRAN / new 88E
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the first part of an attach scenario
P;"* :;.=B9 0>.;.:1, :=.;B9 0>.>.91Q through .'3"&AN end'to'end and with
all related messages.
5ey point of this section is that the indicated procedure illustrates one
possible straight forward case but does not depict all possible options.
Cuestion No >$ 8lease fill in the missing interface names.
"he eNode, selects the )). at this time, if necessary. 8ossibly, the )).I which is
included in the ATTJREE'message relates to an )). which is available to the
eNode, in which case no )).'selection is necessary.
Note that the .))$ ATTJREE'message also contains the .*)$ 37NJCONNJREE'
message.
To be continued on the next page
0
' ?A '
Room for )o'r Note,

3<18)
Identity
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
2(.301)
MMEI +o,i!ity +anagement Entity Identity
(3GTS 23.003)
28.0)0)
23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the 92% .ith
3G// %e!. <
UE *$er E4uiment
0
' ?H '
"he *9'A8$ INI"IA-G3.G)* includes the parameter SeN, 3. *9A8 I%T which
shall serve as uni2ue identifier for *9'A8'messages sent by this eNode, to that
)). for that particular 3.. "his parameter has been assigned by the eNode,.
+e assume in this case that the )). is unable to determine or connect to the
previous )). and therefore re2uests the 3. to convey its I)*I. Otherwise, at this
time we would see "8'messages to retrieve the 3.'conte#t from the previous
))..
"he *9'A8$ 7LJNASJTRANS3ORT message includes the parameter S)). 3.
*9A8 I%T which shall serve as uni2ue identifier for *9'A8'messages sent by the
)). to that eNode, for that particular 3.. "his parameter has been assigned by
the ))..
"he .))$ SECJ8O7EJC87'message is integrity protected but not ciphered. "his
message initiated NA*'based security which means that .))' and .*)'messages
shall be integrity protected and possibly encrypted after this message has been
transmitted.
"he subscription data contain, among others, relationships to specific 8%NDs,
information about 8%N'+ to be selected 0if applicable1 and A8N'restrictions.
&&C'connection establishment$ P;"* ;?.;;9 0>.;.;1Q
&&C downlink information transfer$ P;"* ;?.;;9 0>.?.91Q
&&C uplink information transfer$ P;"* ;?.;;9 0>.?.:1Q
&&C connection reconfiguration P;"* ;?.;;9 0>.;.>1Q
*9'A8 initial 3.'message$ P;"* ;?.=9; 0A.?.:.91Q
*9'A8 initial conte#t setup$ P;"* ;?.=9; 0A.;.91Q
*9'A8 downlink NA* transport$ P;"* ;?.=9; 0A.?.:.:1Q
*9'A8 uplink NA* transport$ P;"* ;?.=9; 0A.?.:.;1Q
%IA).".&$ AI&, AIA, 3-&, 3-A P;"* :H.:@:Q
0
' @B '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
o3 E/')
GGS-)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum UE *$er E4uiment
0
' @9 '
0*!*:*! Atta+(ment t(ro'g( E-;TRAN / new 88E B+ontin'edC
"he obJective of this section is to continue and conclude the attach scenario
from the previous section.
5ey point of this section is to appreciate the embedding of .*)' into .))'
messages which in turn are embedded into &&C'messages. "his is new with
*A..
Cuestion No ?$ 8lease fill in the missing interface names.
Not depicted is a possible interaction between the 8%N'+ and the 8C&F.
"he 3. may be e2uipped with both, an I8v= and an I8v? address. 8lease recall that
an I8v?'address is typically generated from the !'8-)NDs I8v? network prefi# 0?=
bit1 and the 3.Ds )AC'address 0.3I'?=1.
0
' @: '
GGS-)
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro!
DRB 7ata %adio 6earer MME +o,i!ity +anagement Entity (3GTS
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
o3 E/')
2(.301)
(3GTS 23.203)
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem PDN /acket 7ata -et.ork
2(.301)
o3 E/')
EUI-# Extended *ni4ue Identi3ier = )( ,it
!ong (IEEE " the Dother )( ,itD o3 an
I/#)=addre$$> 3o!!o.ing the I/#)=
net.ork re3ix and generated 3rom
the +A'=addre$$ o3 a de#ice)
F-TEID &u!!y Aua!i3ied Tunne! Endoint
Identi3ier (3GTS 28.20()
28.0)0)
(3GTS 23.003)
H-PLMN 9ome /2+- SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
IE In3ormation E!ement TAI Tracking Area Identity (3GTS
2(.301)
IPv# Internet /rotoco! (#er$ion () TEID Tunne! Endoint Identi3ier (GT/ "
3GTS 28.0)0)
IPv Internet /rotoco! (#er$ion )) UE *$er E4uiment
0
' @; '
Note the final I. SF'".I% of *'+ user planeT. "his information must be relayed to
the eNode, to enable a communication between *'+ and eNode,.
8lease note that the *9'A8$ INITIALJC<JSET;3JREE'message contains the
security key 50eN,1 which is used by the eNode, to derive the keys needed for
integrity protection and encryption on 8%C8'layer. !aving received this information,
the eNode, can trigger the security procedures on 8%C8'layer by sending an &&C$
*.CG)O%.GC)%'message to the 3..
"8 Create *ession &e2uest$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.:.91Q
"8 Create *ession &esponse$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.:.:1Q
*9'A8$ Initial Conte#t *etup$ P;"* ;?.:9; 0A.;.91Q
"8 )odify ,earer &e2uest$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.:.@1Q
"8 )odify ,earer &esponse$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.:.A1Q
.)) Attach Accept message$ P;"* :=.;B9 0A.:.91Q
.*) Activate %efault .8* ,earer Conte#t &e2uest message$ P;"* :=.;B9 0A.;.?1Q
0
' @= '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
IE In3ormation E!ement
2(.301)
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
2(.301)
28.0)0)
TEID Tunne! Endoint Identi3ier (GT/ "
3GTS 28.0)0)
0
' @> '
0*!*:*0 Com5re(enion C(e+> 9 3ra+ti+al E4er+ie, D'ilding )o'r
own E88, ATTJREE-8eage
"he obJectives of this section are to$
9. learn using the .))'specification ;"* :=.;B9
:. understand which contents are inside an .))$ A""G&.C'message.
Cuestion No @$ Fill in the missing octets 0in he#1 into the A""G&.C'message.
Consider the following constraints$
Constraints are stated on the next page
0
' @? '
Room for )o'r Note,

0
' @@ '
Contraint,
3se enclosure 9 to resolve this e#ercise.
Apply the section in which the .))'message format has been presented.
"he protocol discriminator of .)) e2uals R@0he#1R.
"he message shall be sent neither integrity protected nor encrypted 0[WX security
header type1.
"he 3. shall perform an R.8* onlyR attachment.
"he 3. has a cached security conte#t and the NA*'5*I0A*).1 W R;0dec1R.
"he 3. shall use a 3"I to identity itself to the network.
"he 3. comes from ermany 0)CC W S:?:0he#1T1 and the operatorDs )NC W
SB90he#1T. "he third digit of the )NC is not used by that operator.
"he digit numbering of )CC and )NC is straightforward$ )CC W S0 0[W digit 91 #
0[WX digit :1 0 0[WX digit ;1T 7 )NC W S1 0[WX digit 91 ! 0[WX digit :1T.
"he )).I W RBA 9> BB0he#1R with the )).'code being the RBBR.
"he 3. still has an )'")*I W RCB 9: ;= >?0he#1R and therefore does not use its
I)*I to identity itself to the network.
"he 3. supports all mandatory re2uired integrity protection and ciphering
algorithms.
For the .*)'message format 0.*)$ 8%NGCONNG&.C1 please use section
:.:.=.
"he protocol discriminator of .*) W R:0he#1R but there has no .8*'bearer
identity been assigned yet.
"he 3. assigns a procedure transaction identity of RB9R.
"he 3. shall perform an Rinitial attachR as re2uest type.
"he 3. asks for bothY an I8v= and an I8v? address.
"he 3. shall re2uest an A8N W Rwww.inacon.comR 0you may write the A8N in
plain te#t, without translation into A*CII'code1.
0
' @A '
Room for )o'r Note,

0
' @H '
0*!*:*A Tra+>ing Area ;5date BInter-88E / wit( new S-G@C
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate a tracking area update procedure
which involves two )).Ds.
Cuestion No A$ 8lease fill in the missing interface names.
0*!*:*A*! Initial Condition
"he 3. is in &&C'idle mode and has Just reselected its serving eNode,.
"he stored list of tracking area identities does not contain the "AI as broadcast
by the new serving cell.
Accordingly, the 3. initiates a tracking area update procedure.
0
' AB '
Room for )o'r Note,

ASME Acce$$ Security +anagement Entity MME +o,i!ity +anagement Entity (3GTS
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
AUTN Authentication Token (3GTS 33.102) NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum
2(.301)
RAND %andom -um,er
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 RES %e$on$e
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
28.0)0)
(3GTS 23.003)
Identity
TA Tracking Area
KSI KEy Set Identi3ier (3GTS 33.(01) TAI Tracking Area Identity (3GTS
2(.301)
0
' A9 '
0*!*:*A*0 7etailed 7e+ri5tion
"he .))$ TAJ;37JREE'message contains and indicates 0among others1$
whether the 3. wants to perform a combined "A7-A'update procedure with or
w7o I)*I'attachment 0for circuit'switched fallback1.
the 3.'identity in the form of an already assigned 3"I. Note that the GUTI also
contains the identification of the MME which assigned it.
Note that the .))$ "AG38%G&.C'message is typically integrity protected because
the 3. will already possess valid security information when it performs a tracking
area update procedure.
At this time, the eNode, selects the new )). to serve the 3. from within an )).'
pool and relays the .))$ "AG38%G&.C'message to the new )). embedded in an
*9'A8$ INI"IA-G3.G)*.
After the reception of the "AG38%G&.C'message, the receiving )). recogniKes
that another )). allocated the 3"I. Accordingly, the new )). must identify that
)). based on )).'code and )).'group Id and it must determine the I8'address
of that former ))., possibly by means of some %N*'resolution process or through
internal mapping tables. Finally, the new )). will send a "8'C$ Conte4t-
ReK'et'message to the former ))..
If the former )). can identify the 3. it shall relay all necessary information to the
new )). by transmitting a "8'C$ Conte4t-Re5one message.
"he indicated .))'conte#t contains information such as authentication vectors,
%&N'parameters and 3.'network capabilities. "he .8* bearer conte#t0s1 contain0s1
information about the bearer conte#ts themselves 0e.g. Co*'related information1 as
well as such important information as the 8'+Ds I8'address and ".I% for the
control plane on the *>'interface as well as the formerly assigned *'+Ds I8'
address and ".I% for the control plane on the *99'interface.
Authentication is only conducted if deemed necessary by the )).. Authentication is
mandatory if the integrity check on the initial .))$ TAJ;37JREE'message failed.
Note that the )). did receive the security information from the former )). and is
therefore able to conduct authentication.
NA*'5*I0A*).1 is a simple integer that is used as pointer to the active security
suite 0A3"N, 50A*).1, etc.1. "he 3. will include it in future initial NA*'messages
0e.g. "AG38%G&.C and the network may skip authentication and immediately
enable integrity protection 0and encryption1 if NA*'5*I0A*).1 received from the 3.
matches the value stored in the ))..
After authentication, the )). will probably activate NA*'related security procedures
by sending an .))$ SECJ8O7EJC87'message to the 3.. "he 3. will reply an
.))$ SECJ8O7EJC83'message which shall be integrity protected and, if ordered,
also be encrypted on NA*'layer 0not by the !C"layer1.
&&C'connection establishment$ P;"* ;?.;;9 0>.;.;1Q
&&C downlink information transfer$ P;"* ;?.;;9 0>.?.91Q
&&C uplink information transfer$ P;"* ;?.;;9 0>.?.:1Q
*9'A8 initial 3.'message$ P;"* ;?.=9; 0A.?.:.91Q
0
' A: '
"8'C Conte#t'&e2uest$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.;.>1Q
"8'C Conte#t'&esponse$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.;.?1Q
"8'C Conte#t'Acknowledge$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.;.@1Q
*9'A8 downlink NA* transport$ P;"* ;?.=9; 0A.?.:.:1Q
*9'A8 uplink NA* transport$ P;"* ;?.=9; 0A.?.:.;1Q
.))$ *.CG)O%.GC)%$ P;"* :=.;B9 0A.:.:B1Q
Room for )o'r Note,

DNS 7omain -ame Sy$tem NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum
DR& 7i$continuou$ %ecetion P-GW /acket 7ata -et.ork Gate.ay (art
o3 E/')
2(.301)
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem !"S Aua!ity o3 Ser#ice
28.0)0)
(3GTS 23.003)
Identity
TA Tracking Area
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
3GTS 28.0)0)
0
' A; '
0*!*:*0 Tra+>ing Area ;5date BInter-88E / wit( new S-G@C
B+ontin'edC
"he obJective of this section is to continue and conclude the presentation of
the tracking area update procedure between two )).Ds and involving the
allocation of a new *'+.
Cuestion No H$ 8lease fill in the missing interface names.
"his is the time when the new )). has to decide whether the indicated *'+ may
continue to serving the 3. or whether the *'+ needs to be changed. "his decision
is based on constraints such as accessibility of the former *'+ from the new
eNode, and from the new )).. It may also take into account routing optimiKation
issues.
"he new )). continues the procedure by sending a "8$ Create-Seion-
ReK'et message to the new selected *'+. "he I. Sbearer conte#tT contains,
among others, the uplink and downlink "F"Ds but it does not contain the eNode#$s %"
TEI! for the user plane because the new eNode, did not yet assign such an F'
".I%.
"hen the new *'+ informs the already assigned 8'+ about the bearer
modification and both nodes e#change their F'".I%Ds for the user plane.
0
' A= '
Finally, the new )). must update the !** with respect to the tracking area update
procedure. It uses the %IA$ ;LR'message to do so.
"he !** will then cancel the location towards the former ))., using the %IA$
CLR' 7 CLA'message e#change.
%IA).".&$ 3-&, 3-A, C-&, C-A P;"* :H.:@:Q
Room for )o'r Note,

3<18)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
o3 E/')
28.0)0)
GW Gate.ay TEID Tunne! Endoint Identi3ier (GT/ "
3GTS 28.0)0)
23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the 92% .ith
3G// %e!. <
TFT Tra33ic &!o. Tem!ate
IE In3ormation E!ement UE *$er E4uiment
0
' A> '
0*!*:*0 Tra+>ing Area ;5date BInter-88E / wit( new S-G@C
B+ontin'edC
the tracking area update procedure between two )).Ds and involving the
allocation of a new *'+.
Cuestion No 9B$ 8lease fill in the missing interface names.
Finally, the )). sends the .))$ TAJ;37JACC'message through the eNode, to
the 3..
Note that in this case, there is no establishment of additional radio bearers as was
shown during the attachment scenario.
"8'C %elete'*ession'&e2uest$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.:.H.91Q
"8'C %elete'*ession'&esponse$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.:.9B.91Q
.))$ "AG38%GACC$ P;"* :=.;B9 0A.:.:?1Q
.))$ "AG38%GCO)$ P;"* :=.;B9 0A.:.:@1Q
0
' A? '
Room for )o'r Note,

DRB 7ata %adio 6earer GUTI G!o,a! *ni4ue Termina! Identity
(3GTS 23.003)
2(.301)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem S-GW Ser#ing Gate.ay (3GTS 23.(01)
28.0)0)
3GTS 28.0)0)
GTP-U GT/ *$er /!ane UE *$er E4uiment
0
' A@ '
0*!*:*$ Com5re(enion C(e+> 9 3ra+ti+al E4er+ie, E88-8eage
7e+ode
"he obJective of this section is to decode an .))$ A""G&.C'message.
Cuestion No 99$ 8lease decode the embedded he#adecimal A""G&.C'message,
using enclosure 9. +hich problems do you encounterF
0
' AA '
Room for )o'r Note,

EMM E/S (E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem)
+o,i!ity +anagement (3GTS 2(.301)
0
' AH '
0*0 E3S Seion 8anagement BES8C
0*0*! Im5ortant ES8-3ro+ed're
"he obJective of this section is to present the important .*)'procedures.
5ey point of this section is that the actual activation, deactivation or
modification of an .8*'bearer must be initiated and conducted by the
network. "his is a maJor difference to previous releases where 8%8'conte#t
activation had to be triggered by the 3..
0
' HB '
0*0*!*! 88E-initiated
0*0*!*0 ;E-initiated
P;"* :=.;B9 0?.=1, 0?.>1Q
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
EPS E#o!#ed /acket S.itched PDP /acket 7ata /rotoco!
2(.301)
UE *$er E4uiment
0
' H9 '
0*0*0 State 8a+(ine
"he obJectives of this section are to illustrate the state machine of .*) and
the different ways to migrate between the two states.
P;"* :=.;B9 0?1Q
0
' H: '
Room for )o'r Note,

EPS E#o!#ed /acket S.itched PDN /acket 7ata -et.ork
2(.301)
UE *$er E4uiment
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
0
' H; '
0*0*$ 8eage 2ormat
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the message format that is used
for .*)'messages.
5ey points of this section are$
9. "he Ssecurity headerT is not necessarily present.
:. "he protocol discriminator as part of the first octet repeats inside the plain
.*)'message if a security header is present.
P;"* :=.;B9 0H.91Q
If an .*)'message is embedded into an .))'message it is represented as plain
NA*'message w7o individual security header.
to be continued on the next page
0
' H= '
Room for )o'r Note,

2(.301)
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem PTI /rocedure Tran$action Identity
2(.301)
SM Se$$ion +anagement (3GTS 23.0)0>
3GTS 2(.001)
Oc'e' 1 ,it
0
' H> '
0*0*$*! Se+'rit) Header
"he presence of the security header is conditional as indicated through the
yellow color. It shall be present as soon as security in the form of integrity
protection and possibly encryption have been negotiated.
"he security header is put upfront the plain NA* message and uses the same
protocol discriminator value S:T.
"he related Ssecurity header typeT partially acts as a message type as there are
specific settings for certain messages. 8rimarily, the Ssecurity header typeT
identifies whether a message is a plain NA* message 0security header type W B1,
whether it is Just integrity protected or integrity protected and ciphered.
P;"* :=.;B9 0H.;.91Q
0*0*$*0 3ro+ed're Trana+tion Identit)
"he 8"I is used to distinguish network initiated and 3.'originated transactions.
If the network reacts upon a 3.'initiated transaction re2uest 0e.g. .*)$
8%NGCONNG&.C1, it shall use the 3.'assigned 8"I'value also within network
originating .*)'messages.
P;"* :=.BB@ 099.:.;.9a1Q
0
' H? '
Room for )o'r Note,

2(.301)
PTI /rocedure Tran$action Identity
0
' H@ '
0*A*: 7edi+ated E3S Dearer Etabli(ment
0*A*:*! Networ> Initiated BI8S triggered d'ring Call Etabli(mentC
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the dedicated .8* bearer
establishment.
Cuestion No 9:$ 8lease fill in the missing interface names.
0*A*:*!*! Initial Condition
"he 3. changed into .C)'CONN.C".% state some time before to be able to
e#change the *I8'messages with the I)*, supposedly over the already
established default .8*'bearer.
+e can see the *I8'signaling inside the different pipes S.8*'bearerT and S*>'
bearerT.
+hen the *%8'descriptors within the *I8'messages indicate that a real'time
bearer is re2uired, the 8'C*CF inside the I)* will communicate with the 8C&F
to authoriKe the Co*'re2uest and to trigger the establishment of that real'time
bearer 0%IA$ AA&'message1.
0*A*:*!*0 7etailed 7e+ri5tion
!aving received the %IA$ AA&'message, the 8C&F will trigger the 8%N'+ to
initiate the dedicated .8*'bearer activation procedure by sending a %IA$ &A&'
message to it.
%IA).".&$ AA&, AAA$ P;"* :H.:9=Q
%IA).".&$ &A&$ P;"* :H.:9: 0>.?.=1Q
0
' HA '
Room for )o'r Note,

3<18)
(3GTS 23.203)
DIAMETER Succe$$or o3 the %A7I*S rotoco! PDN-GW /acket 7ata -et.ork Gate.ay (art
o3 E/')
ECM E/S 'onnection +anagement
(3GTS 2(.301)
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 SDP Se$$ion 7e$crition /rotoco! (%&'
2320> %&' 32))> %&' 32)()
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem SIP Se$$ion Initiation /rotoco! (%&'
32)1)
on.ard$)
UE *$er E4uiment
P-CSCF /roxy 'a!! Se$$ion 'ontro! &unction
(SI/)
V"IP @oice o#er I/
0
' HH '
0*A*:*0 Networ> Initiated BI8S triggered d'ring Call Etabli(mentC
network initiated dedicated .8* bearer setup.
Cuestion No 9;$ 8lease fill in the missing interface names.
Cuestion No 9=$ 8lease fill In the two bearer types of .8*'bearer conte#t
establishment.
"8 Create',earer'&e2uest 7 &esponse$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.:.;1, 0@.:.=1Q
*9'A8 .'&A, *etup$ P;"* ;?.=9; 0A.:1Q
.*) %edicated .8* ,earer Conte#t &e2uest P;"* :=.;B9 0?.=.;1
&&C Connection &econfiguration P;"* ;?.;;9 0:.;.>.>1Q
.*) %edicated .8* ,earer Conte#t Accept P;"* :=.;B9 0?.=.91
%IA).".&$ &AA$ P;"* :H.:9: 0>.?.>1Q
0
' 9BB '
Room for )o'r Note,

3<18)
o3 E/')
DIAMETER Succe$$or o3 the %A7I*S rotoco! PCRF /o!icy and 'harging %u!e$ &unction
(3GTS 23.203)
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 !"S Aua!ity o3 Ser#ice
2(.301)
RAB %adio Acce$$ 6earer
28.0)0)
on.ard$)
3GTS 28.0)0)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
0
' 9B9 '
0*A*:*0*! 7etailed 7e+ri5tion
"he 8%N'+ will send a "8$ Create-Dearer-ReK'et'message to the *'+.
"his message contains, among others, the Slinked bearer IdT which relates to the
related default .8*'bearer Id. "he message also conveys the "8 ".I% of the
new bearer from the 8'+ to the *'+.
"he *'+ will relay the also included bearer description to the )).. Of course,
the *'+ has to include the "8 ".I% of its user plane to allow the )). to
relay this information to the eNode,."he )). will build two messages$ An .*)$
7E7JE3SJDEARERJC<JREE'message and an *9'A8$ E-RADJSET;3JREE'
message. "he .*)'message contains the NA*'description of the new bearer
while the *9'A8'message serves as carrier for the .*)'message and it contains
the radio resource description of the new bearer for the eNode,.
"he eNode, will take the .*)'message and will embed it into an
RRCJCONNJRECON2'message that is also used to convey the radio resource
related information of the new bearer to the 3..
"he 3. shall setup the new bearer and shall confirm this to the eNode, by
sending RRCJCONNJRECON2JC83.
*imilarly, the .*)'layer shall build an .*)$ 7E7JE3SJDEARERJC<JACC'
message which will be transparently sent to the eNode, which in turn will
transparently relay it to the ))..
Only after having received this .*)'message, the )). shall confirm .8*'
bearer establishment to the *'+ and this message also includes the "8'3
".I% of the eNode, for the new bearer.
Finally, the *'+ confirms bearer establishment to the 8'+.
"he 8'+ must still respond to the 8C&FDs %IA$ &A&'message by sending %IA$
RAA with a successful result code.
In turn, the 8C&F shall confirm bearer setup to the I)* 0precisely to the 8'
C*CF1.
+hat we did not include is the continuing *I8'signaling for call setup for which
the voice data will be sent on the newly established bearer.
"8 Create',earer'&e2uest 7 &esponse$ P;"* :H.:@= 0@.:.;1, 0@.:.=1Q
*9'A8 .'&A, *etup$ P;"* ;?.=9; 0A.:1Q
.*) %edicated .8* ,earer Conte#t &e2uest P;"* :=.;B9 0?.=.;1
&&C Connection &econfiguration P;"* ;?.;;9 0:.;.>.>1Q
.*) %edicated .8* ,earer Conte#t Accept P;"* :=.;B9 0?.=.91
%IA).".&$ &AA$ P;"* :H.:9: 0>.?.>1Q
0
' 9B: '
Room for )o'r Note,

3<18)
o3 E/')
DIAMETE
R
Succe$$or o3 the %A7I*S rotoco! PCRF /o!icy and 'harging %u!e$ &unction
(3GTS 23.203)
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem PDN /acket 7ata -et.ork
2(.301)
o3 E/')
28.0)0)
RAA %E=Auth=An$.er command
(7iameter 6ASE> %&' 3<11)
GTP-U GT/ *$er /!ane RAB %adio Acce$$ 6earer
on.ard$)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum SIP Se$$ion Initiation /rotoco! (%&'
32)1)
P-CSCF /roxy 'a!! Se$$ion 'ontro! &unction
(SI/)
3GTS 28.0)0)
UE *$er E4uiment
0
' 9B; '

0
' 9B= '
C(a5ter A,
Radio Reo'r+e Control
Ob=e+tive
How +an I determine t(e meage t)5e t(at RRC 'e for t(e different
RRC-meage?
How are t(e different RRC-meage ma55ed to logi+al +(annel6 tran5ort
+(annel and 5()i+al +(annel?
How S)tem Information Dlo+> are organiLed?
How an RRC +onne+tion i managed wit( RRC meage?
How mea'rement are defined and (ow a mea'rement re5ort loo>
li>e?
@() t(ere are fi4ed time etting for t(e RRC 5ro+ed're?
How +ell ele+tion and +ell reele+tion are 5erformed in t(e idle mode?

Radio Reso"r!e Control
A
' 9B> '
A*! Overview
"he obJective of this section is to introduce the key features of the radio
resource control layer.
5ey point of this section is that the tasks of the &&C stay mostly the same as
3)"* and !*8A, but since the air interface is different there are significant
changes in the implementation.
A
' 9B? '
A*!*! Tranmiion of broad+at information
!ere is it very important to know that only the )I, is transmitted on the ,C!. All the
other *I,Os are grouped in *3Os according to their transmission periodicity and are
transmitted on the %-'*C!.
A*!*0 Etabli( and maintain ervi+e
!ere the basic concepts are very different. "he &&C connection setup procedure
has been e#tended to the initial conte#t setup procedure. &&C and NA* link are
established in parallel. )oreover since there is a new air interface technology
0OF%)A and *C'F%)A1 used the message contents are different. Another very
significant change is the drastic reduction of &&C states mentioned earlier.
A*!*A EoS +ontrol
Nothing to add to what is stated in the picture.
A*!*$ Tranfer of dedi+ated +ontrol information
Nothing to add to what is stated in the picture.
P;"& :>.A9; 0>.=1, ;"* ;?.;BB 0@1, ;"* ;?.;;9 0=.=1Q
3GTR 3rd Generation Technica! %eort NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum
Seci3ication
OFDMA ?rthogona! &re4uency 7i#i$ion
+u!ti!e Acce$$
BCH 6roadca$t 'hanne! !"S Aua!ity o3 Ser#ice
DL 7o.n!ink RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
DL-SCH 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! SC-FDMA Sing!e 'arrier &re4uency 7i#i$ion
+u!ti!e Acce$$
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
SIB Sy$tem In3ormation 6!ock
FDMA &re4uency 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$ SU Schedu!ing *nit
HSPA 9igh Seed /acket Acce$$ (oeration
o3 9S7/A and 9S*/A)
UE *$er E4uiment
MIB +a$ter In3ormation 6!ock UMTS *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication
Sy$tem
A
' 9B@ '
A*0 State C(ara+teriti+ of RRC
"he obJective of this section is to introduce the key features of the radio
resource control states.
5ey point of this section is that there are only : &&C states in -"..
Image de+ri5tion
"he picture shows the &&C states in -". and their main characteristics. It
focuses on the processes of the .'3"&AN.
A*0*! RRCJI7LE
%uring &&CGI%-. the 3. can be paged and will listen to the 8C! and the ,C!, but
it is not known by the eN, it will perform cell reselections. In order to do the cell
reselections it will perform neighbor cell measurements according to the system
information in the ,CC! but will not report these measurements to the infrastructure.
5eep also in mind that this state will also assumed once the 3. is switched on
during initial cell search. Once the 3. has found a cell it will go &&CGCONN.C".%
to register with the core network and to establish a radio bearer and will then go
&&CGI%-. again.
A*0*0 RRCJCONNECTE7
!ere the 3. is fully connected to the eN,. "hat means it has a C'&N"I and it is
known on cell level. It will do neighbor cell measurements and handover. "his state
is also assumed to be used for ),)* services.
P;"& :>.A9; 0>.=.:1, ;"* ;?.;BB 0@.:1Q
A
' 9BA '
Room for )o'r Note

3GTR 3rd Generation Technica! %eort RACH %andom Acce$$ 'hanne!
Seci3ication
RNTI %adio -et.ork Temorary Identi3ier
BCCH 6roadca$t 'ontro! 'hanne! RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
BCH 6roadca$t 'hanne! RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
C-RNTI 'e!! %adio -et.ork Temorary
Identi3ier
RRC(IDL
E
%%' $tate
LTE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS) RRC(MB
MS(CON
NECTED
%%' $tate in E=*T%A 3or *E$ .ith
+6+S $er#ice on!y
MBMS +u!timedia 6roadca$t " +u!tica$t
Ser#ice
UE *$er E4uiment
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
PCH /aging 'hanne! eNB Enhanced -ode 6
A
' 9BH '
A*A Signaling Radio Dearer BSRDC
A*A*! Overview
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the characteristics and differences
of the different *&,Ds.
A*A*!*! SRD1
A*A*!*0 SRD!
A*A*!*A SRD0
P;"* ;?.;;9 0=.:.:1Q
A
' 99B '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
AM Ackno.!edged +ode oeration RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
DCCH 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne! SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum TM Tran$arent +ode oeration
A
' 999 '
A*A*!*$ Control 3lane 3roto+ol Sta+> Review
"he obJective of this section is to visualiKe the control plane protocol stack of
the various network elements and interfaces of -"..
5ey point of this section is the control plane protocol stack structure of -". is
combining the AI8N protocol stack and the air'interface protocol stack of
3)"*.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"his picture is showing the control plane protocol stack of .'3"&AN.
)ore or less the control plane is e#hibiting the same structure as the protocols
known from 3"&AN with an AI8N.
A
' 99: '
Air Interfa+e 5roto+ol
.ven though the individual protocol layer may differ significantly due to the new air
interface, names and structure are retained from 3"&AN. !ere also the &&) is
shown which is determining the configurations and channel settings transmitted in
the &&C messages. +hat is new here is the allocation of protocol entities on the
network elements. In particular the eN, has now a complete set of -: and -;
protocols. *ince the NA* and the A* messaging will be ciphered the 8%C8 protocol
has also been introduced for the control plane in -".. *ince all the transport
channels are shared the scheduler in the eN, has to be implemented with special
care.
"he eNode, has the same functionality as the Node, and in addition, it has most of
the +C%)A7!*8A &NC functionality. "hus, the eNode, is in charge of the radio
resources in its cells, it decides about handover, and makes the scheduling
decisions for both uplink and downlink. Obviously, it also performs the classical
physical layer functions of coding, decoding, modulation, demodulation, interleaving,
de'interleaving, etc. Furthermore, the eNode, hosts the two layer retransmission
mechanismsY the hybrid A&C and an outer A&C 0&-C'Acknowledged mode1.
*ince the handover mechanism of -". is different from +C%)A7!*8A, there is no
other role of the eNode, than serving eNode,. "he serving eNode, is the eNode,
that serves the terminal. "he concepts of controlling and drift do not e#ist. Instead
the handover is done by means of eNode, relocations.
"he figure below shows the protocol stack for the control'plane, where
8%C8 sublayer 0terminated in eN, on the network side1 performs the functions listed
for the control plane in chapter >, e.g. ciphering and integrity protectionY
' &-C and )AC sublayers 0terminated in eN, on the network side1 perform the
same functions as for the user planeY
' &&C 0terminated in eN, on the network side1 performs the functions listed in
chapter =, e.g.$
' ,roadcastY 8agingY &&C connection managementY &, controlY )obility
functionsY 3. measurement reporting and control.
' NA* control protocol 0terminated in )). on the network side1 performs among
other things$
' .8* bearer managementY AuthenticationY ' .C)'I%-. mobility handlingY
8aging origination in .C)'I%-.Y ' *ecurity control.
Note that Non'Access'*tratum integrity protects and ciphers independently from
Access *tratum as the *9'interface relies on I8sec for protection is subJect to the
operator. )oreover, the eNode, is now on site with the &NC functionality which
was never the case for the 3)"*'&NC which has been always save installed at
the Operator premises. *o ;88 enforced ciphering and integrity protection for
NA* no matter what the operator does with Ipsec.
A
' 99; '
A*A*!*: ;er 3lane 3roto+ol Sta+> Review
"he obJective of this section is to visualiKe the user plane protocol stack of
the various network elements and interfaces of -"..
5ey point of this section is the user plane protocol stack structure of -". is
combining the AI8N protocol stack and the air'interface protocol stack of
3)"*.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"his picture is showing the user plane protocol stack of .'3"&AN.
Again there is a big similarity with the protocols known from 3"&AN with an AI8N.
Air Interfa+e 5roto+ol
For the air interface protocols the same naming conventions and presumably also
the internal structure of 3"&AN is reused. "here again there is the possibility of A),
3) and ") for the &-C data. "his means in &-C'A) there is like in !*8A both an
A&C loop on &-C level and an !A&C loop on )AC and -9 level. "he &-C 8%3 siKe
will be variable. "he 8%8 is terminated in the 8%N7internet.
A
' 99= '
S! 5roto+ol
8hysical layer, data link layer, and I8 are typical protocol entities known from the
AI8N already. -ike in 3"&AN there is the "8'3 creating a shared tunnel for the
user data in the .8C.
P;"* ;?.;BB 0=.;.9, 9H1Q
Seci3ication
AIPN A!! I/ -et.ork PDP /acket 7ata /rotoco!
AM Ackno.!edged +ode oeration PDSCH /hy$ica! 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne!
AR! Automatic %eeat %e4ue$t PDU /rotoco! 7ata *nit or /acket 7ata
*nit
DL 7o.n!ink PUSCH /hy$ica! *!ink Shared 'hanne!
DL-SCH 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! RLC %adio 2ink 'ontro!
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
28.0)0)
SDH Synchronou$ 7igita! 9ierarchy
GTP-U GT/ *$er /!ane SI Ser#ice Indicator
GW Gate.ay TM Tran$arent +ode oeration
HAR! 9y,rid A%A UDP *$er 7atagram /rotoco! (%&' 0)1)
o3 9S7/A and 9S*/A)
UL *!ink
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) UL-SCH *!ink Shared 'hanne!
L1 2ayer 1 (hy$ica! !ayer) UM *nackno.!edged +ode oeration
LTE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS) UMTS *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication
Sy$tem
MAC +e$$age Authentication 'ode UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco! eNB Enhanced -ode 6
PDH /!e$iochronou$ 7igita! 9ierarchy
A
' 99> '
A*A*!*# Overview on C(annel T)5e and ;er Dearer
"he obJective of this section is to show for downlink direction beside physical
channels, transport channels and logical channels also %ata &adio ,earers
and .8* ,earers. !ere we Just depict the protocol stack of 3ser 8lane and
would like to discuss particularly the 8%C8, &-C, )AC and 8!4 -ayers.
5ey point of this section is that the -". has the same concept about logical,
transport, and physical channels as 3"&AN, however .'3"&AN has &-C
and )AC in the same physical Node called eNode, which eases not only
fle#ible &-C'8%3 siKe but also &-C'8%3 siKes optimiKed in length for
current downlink and uplink radio conditions [WX *IN&.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"his graph shows part of the &adio Interface 8rotocol Architecture of .'3"&A and
the different bearers and channel types defined for signal e#change between the
different protocol layers.
Logi+al C(annel
"he interface between &-C and )AC is called -ogical Channel. "here are several
different -ogical Channel types. "he type of data that is transferred defines each
-ogical Channel type. "his data can be either control or user data$
for control there are one or two *&,Ds respectively %CC!Ds configured once
the 3. establishes &&C Connection
A
' 99? '
for user data transfer there are one or more %"C!Ds configured. %ifferent
%"C!Ds distinguish the different .8* bearers and to allow Co*
differentiation 0different services are are configured with different CCI
values and therefore treated differently by eNode, scheduler in terms of
ma#7guaranteed throughput and delay.
Note$ %efault .8* ,earer corresponds to legacy 8rimary 8%8 Conte#t and
%edicated .8* ,earer corresponds to legacy *econdary 8%8 Conte#t. "he 3. can
re2uest one or more %ata .8* ,earers but typical NICA 0network initiated 8%8
Conte#t activation1 procedures are invoked by .8C.
Tran5ort C(annel
"he interface between )AC and the 8hysical -ayer is denoted as "ransport
Channel. "ransport Channels are services offered by layer 9 to the higher layers for
data transfer over the air interface. "ransport Channels define how and with which
characteristics data is transferred by the physical layer.
3()i+al C(annel B2reK'en+)6 S'b-Carrier ***C
3roto+ol Sta+>
8%C8' 8acket %ata Convergence 8rotocol in user plane and control plane
"C87I8 and7or &"873%87I8 header compression of I8v= and7or I8v?
Ciphering in order to prevent eaves'dropping
for control plane$ ciphering and integrity protection of &&C messages
&-C' &adio -ink 8rotocol
*egmentation of too big *%3Ds 7 concatenation of small *%3Ds 0e.g. *%3 W I8'
frames1
&-C retransmissions in case of acknowledge mode 0A)1
in'se2uence delivery of *%3Ds making use of &-C'se2uence numbering
)AC ' )edium Access Control
)ultiple#ing of %ata and7or *ignaling &adio ,earers into the same block
!ybrid'A&C retransmissions
3HM H 3()i+al La)er
Forward .rror Coding 0convolutional, turbo coding1, )odulation
)ulti'antenna processing$ -ayer mapping and precoding for e.g. "ransmit %iversity
0space fre2uency block coding1, closed or open loop )I)O7spatial multiple#ing,
closed loop beamforming
&esource mapping of encoded bits onto modulation'symbols and resource elements
respectively resource blocks
A
' 99@ '
A*A*!*" Review of eND 7L C(annel
"he obJective of this section is to provide a summary review of the channels
used in -". in downlink direction from the view of the eNode,.
A
' 99A '
Room for )o'r Note,

A
' 99H '
A*A*!*I Review of eND ;L C(annel
"he obJective of this section is to provide a summary review of the channels
used in -". in uplink direction from the view of the eNode,.
A
' 9:B '
Room for )o'r Note,

A
' 9:9 '
A*A*0 8a55ing of RRC-8eage to SRDF and to C(annel
A*A*0*! 8eage on DCCH B8ID and SIDC
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate how )I, and *I,Ds are mapped to
logical channels, transport channels and physical channels.
Cuestion No 9>$ 8lease fill I n the *&,'number 0if applicable1 as well as the
&-C'operation mode 0e.g. &-C'3)1, logical channel type 0e.g. %CC!1, transport
channel type and physical channel type.
"he 3. shall not only listen to the ,CC! in &&CGI%-. also in &&CGCONN.C".%
the 3. needs to listen the system information of the own cell 0*I,9 will indicate a
change1 and to the system information on the neighbor cells in oder to verify the
neighbor cell I% during neighbor cell measurements.
A
' 9:: '
Room for )o'r Note,

BCCH 6roadca$t 'ontro! 'hanne! RRC(IDL
E
%%' $tate
DCCH 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne! RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
MIB +a$ter In3ormation 6!ock SIB Sy$tem In3ormation 6!ock
RLC %adio 2ink 'ontro! SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro! UM *nackno.!edged +ode oeration
A
' 9:; '
A*A*0*0 8eage on 3CCH and 7L-CCCH
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate how 8CC!' and %-'CCC!'
messages are mapped to logical channels, transport channels and physical
channels.
Cuestion No 9?$ 8lease fill in the *&,'number 0if applicable1 as well as the &-C'
operation mode 0e.g. &-C'3)1, logical channel type 0e.g. %CC!1, transport
channel type and physical channel type.
Cuestion No 9@$ Is the 8CC! in need to be listened to in the &&CGCONN.C".%
modeF.
A
' 9:= '
Room for )o'r Note,

CCCH 'ommon 'ontro! 'hanne! PH% /hy$ica! 2ayer
DCCH 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne! RLC %adio 2ink 'ontro!
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
PCCH /aging 'ontro! 'hanne! SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco! UM *nackno.!edged +ode oeration
A
' 9:> '
A*A*0*A 8eage on 7L-7CCH and 7L-7TCH
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate how %-'%CC!'messages and I8'
packets are mapped to logical channels, transport channels and physical
channels.
Cuestion No 9A$ 8lease fill in the *&,'number 0if applicable1, radio bearer
number as well as the &-C'operation mode 0e.g. &-C'3)1, logical channel type
0e.g. %CC!1, transport channel type and physical channel type.
A
' 9:? '
Room for )o'r Note,

DCCH 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne! PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco!
DL 7o.n!ink PH% /hy$ica! 2ayer
DRB
7ata %adio 6earer
DTCH 7edicated Tra33ic 'hanne! RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! UM *nackno.!edged +ode oeration
A
' 9:@ '
A*A*0*$ 8eage on ;L-CCCH6 ;L-7CCH and ;L-7TCH
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate how 3-'%CC!'messages and I8'
packets are mapped to logical channels, transport channels and physical
channels.
Cuestion No 9H$ 8lease fill in the *&,'number 0if applicable1, radio bearer
number as well as the &-C'operation mode 0e.g. &-C'3)1, logical channel type
0e.g. %CC!1, transport channel type and physical channel type.
A
' 9:A '
Room for )o'r Note,

CCCH 'ommon 'ontro! 'hanne! PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco!
DCCH 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne! PH% /hy$ica! 2ayer
DRB 7ata %adio 6earer RLC %adio 2ink 'ontro!
DTCH 7edicated Tra33ic 'hanne! RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! UL *!ink
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum UM *nackno.!edged +ode oeration
A
' 9:H '
A*$ 8eage En+oding t(ro'g( ASN*! 3ER-'naligned
A*$*! E4am5le, T(e ASN*!-Code of RRCJCONNJREE ***
"he obJective of this section is to present the A*N.9'code of the
&&CGCONNG&.C'message.
P;"* ;?.;;9 0?.:.:1Q
A
' 9;B '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
PER /acked Encoding %u!e$ (IT*=T
E.)81)
ASN)1 A,$tract Syntax -otation 1 (IT*=T
E.)10 " E.)11)
A
' 9;9 '
A*$*0 N and t(e +om5iled 8eage Str'+t're BTree GiewC
"he obJective of this section is to confront the student or reader with the fact
that A*N.9 8.& will add binary marks into the message se2uence to
distinguish among different options.
Phttp$77www.inacon.de7protocolhelp7inde#.php7Q
A
' 9;: '
Room for )o'r Note,

E.)10 " E.)11)
E.)81)
A
' 9;; '
A*$*A Com5re(enion C(e+> 9 3ra+ti+al E4er+ie,
En+oding an RRCJCONNJREE-8eage
"he obJective of this section is to practice the A*N.9 7 8.&'based encoding
which is used by the &&C'protocol.
Cuestion No :B$ 8lease encode the &&CGCONNG&.C'message that the 3. was
sending to the eNode, when performing the initial attach scenario from the
previous section. 8lease assume that the smallest &AC! container which has a
)AC 8%3 of Just >? bit inside is used. A bit of )AC header have to be
anticipated.
All necessary information can be obtained from there and from the tree view in the previous
section.
8lease note that there is a difference in between the .)) and the &&C protocol
the .)) is organiKed in a way that the I.Ds chain up one after the other in the
correct order once the octets are written from right to left and the &&C protocol,
which is working with unaligned 8.&, is bit oriented such that the I.Ds chain up in
the correct order once the bits are written from left to right.
A
' 9;= '
Room for )o'r Note,

E.)10 " E.)11)
E.)81)
2(.301)
IE In3ormation E!ement UE *$er E4uiment
A
' 9;> '
A*: RRC 3ro+ed're
A*:*! S)tem Information Droad+at
A*:*!*! Overview
"he obJective of this section is to present the most important information
about the system information blocks in -"..
*I,: is automatically included in the first scheduled system information message
in *I,9 and thus needs not to be scheduled e#plicitly.
A
' 9;? '
Room for )o'r Note,

LTE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS) PHICH /hy$ica! 9A%A Ackno.!edgement
Indicator 'hanne!
MIB +a$ter In3ormation 6!ock PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork
PBCH /hy$ica! 6roadca$t 'hanne! SFN Sy$tem &rame -um,er
PDSCH /hy$ica! 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! SIB Sy$tem In3ormation 6!ock
A
' 9;@ '
A*:*!*0 Overview of 2'n+tion of t(e S)tem Information Dlo+>
"he obJective of this section is to give an overview about the function of the
*I,Ds.
5ey point of this section is that most of the *I,Ds are dealing with neighbor
cell description.
*I,: is automatically included in the first scheduled system information message
in *I,9 and thus needs not to be scheduled e#plicitly.
A
' 9;A '
Room for )o'r Note,

BCCH 6roadca$t 'ontro! 'hanne! ID Identity
BCH 6roadca$t 'hanne! MIB +a$ter In3ormation 6!ock
CDMA 'ode 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$ OP ?tiona!
CSG '!o$ed Su,$cri,er Grou PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork
DL 7o.n!ink SIB Sy$tem In3ormation 6!ock
DL-SCH 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! UE *$er E4uiment
ETWS Earth4uake and T$unami 5arning
Sy$tem
UL *!ink
GERAN GS+ E7GE %adio Acce$$ -et.ork UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
HNB 9ome -ode 6
A
' 9;H '
A*:*!*A E4am5le of an 8ID
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the format and content of a master
information block 0)I,1.
A
' 9=B '
Room for )o'r Note,

MIB +a$ter In3ormation 6!ock PHICH /hy$ica! 9A%A Ackno.!edgement
Indicator 'hanne!
A
' 9=9 '
A*:*!*$ E4am5le of an SID!
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the format and content of a system
information block 9 0*I,91.
A
' 9=: '
Room for )o'r Note,

A
' 9=; '
A*:*!*: E4am5le of an SID0
information block : 0*I,:1.
A
' 9== '
Room for )o'r Note,

BCCH 6roadca$t 'ontro! 'hanne! PUCCH /hy$ica! *!ink 'ontro! 'hanne!
MO +o,i!e ?riginated PUSCH /hy$ica! *!ink Shared 'hanne!
PCCH /aging 'ontro! 'hanne! RACH %andom Acce$$ 'hanne!
PDSCH /hy$ica! 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! RS %e3erence Signa!
PRACH /hy$ica! %andom Acce$$ 'hanne! SIB Sy$tem In3ormation 6!ock
PRACH /acket %andom Acce$$ 'hanne!
A
' 9=> '
A*:*!*# E4am5le of an SIDA
information block; 0*I,;1.
A
' 9=? '
Room for )o'r Note,

EUTRA E#o!#ed *+TS Terre$tria! %adio
Acce$$
SF
Speed dependent Scaling Factor
A
' 9=@ '
A*:*0 Conne+tion 8anagement Related 3ro+ed're
A*:*0*! 3aging 3ro+ed're
"he obJective of this section is to give an overview about the use, the
messages involved and the follow up resulting from the 8aging 8rocedure.
5ey point of this section is that paging is not only used for mobile terminated
service establishment 7 data arrival but also for notification of system
information change and disaster control.
A
' 9=A '
Once there is a mobile terminated service establishment 7 data arrival and the 3.
does not react there will be a retry. Once there are system information changed
this cannot be retried for a particular 3.. In order to cover the error scenario
these indications need to be repeated several times to make sure all the 3.Ds
concerned got them.
Room for )o'r Note,

eNB Enhanced -ode 6 RRC(IDL
E
%%' $tate
ETWS Earth4uake and T$unami 5arning
Sy$tem
RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro! SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A UE *$er E4uiment
A
' 9=H '
A*:*0*0 RRC Conne+tion Etabli(ment 3ro+ed're
messages involved and the follow up resulting from the &&C Connection
.stablishment 8rocedure.
5ey points of this section are that the &&C Connection *etup 8rocedure is
only establishing *&,9 but that it is ' in contrast to 3)"* ' allowing already
the transmission of a NA* message.
A
' 9>B '
Note that the transmission of an I)*I is not foreseen here any more.
Room for )o'r Note,

eNB Enhanced -ode 6 RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
RRC(IDL
E
%%' $tate
ID Identity S-TMSI SAE Temorary +o,i!e Su,$cri,er
Identity
Identity
MMEI ++E Identity TMSI Temorary +o,i!e Su,$cri,er
Identity
PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork UMTS *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication
Sy$tem
A
' 9>9 '
A*:*0*0*! SRD! 7efa'lt Config'ration
"he obJective of this section is to give the default configuration for *&,9.
5ey point of this section is that the *&,9 default configuration allows for very
short &&C Connection *etup messages.
All times are in ms.
A
' 9>: '
Room for )o'r Note,

IE In3ormation E!ement RLC %adio 2ink 'ontro!
PDU /rotoco! 7ata *nit or /acket 7ata
*nit
A
' 9>; '
A*:*0*0*0 3()i+al La)er 7efa'lt Config'ration
"he obJective of this section is to give the physical layer default configuration
for all &,Ds.
5ey point of this section is that the physical layer default configuration allows
for very short &&C Connection *etup messages.
A
' 9>= '
Room for )o'r Note,

ACK Ackno.!edgement RI %ank Indicator
C!I 'hanne! Aua!ity Indicator RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
PDSCH /hy$ica! 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! RS %e3erence Signa!
PUCCH /hy$ica! *!ink 'ontro! 'hanne! SRS Sounding %e3erence Signa!
RB %adio 6earer UE *$er E4uiment
A
' 9>> '
A*:*0*A ;E Ca5abilit) Tranfer 3ro+ed're
messages involved and the follow up resulting from the 3. Capability
.#change 8rocedure.
5ey point of this section is that this procedure will only be used once the Co*
settings for a service e#ceed the capabilities of 3. Category 9.
A
' 9>? '
Room for )o'r Note,

CDMA 'ode 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$ RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
GERAN GS+ E7GE %adio Acce$$ -et.ork UE *$er E4uiment
!"S Aua!ity o3 Ser#ice UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
A
' 9>@ '
A*:*0*$ RRC Initial Se+'rit) A+tivation 3ro+ed're
messages involved and the follow up resulting from the &&C Initial *ecurity
Activation 8rocedure.
5ey point of this section is that without this procedure no services can be
established.
A
' 9>A '
Room for )o'r Note,

AS Acce$$ Stratum (*+TS) RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
A
' 9>H '
A*:*0*: RRC Conne+tion Re+onfig'ration 3ro+ed're
&econfiguration 8rocedure.
5ey point of this section is that this is the most mighty procedure in .'
3"&AN. +ithout this procedure no orderly mobile radio operation is possible.
Room for )o'r Note,
A
' 9?B '

ACK Ackno.!edgement NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum
Identi3ier
DRB 7ata %adio 6earer RNTI %adio -et.ork Temorary Identi3ier
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
ID Identity UE *$er E4uiment
MAC-I +e$$age Authentication 'ode> +S6F$
o3 extended /7'/ Se4uence -um,er
A
' 9?9 '
A*:*0*:*! SRD0 7efa'lt Config'ration
"he obJective of this section is to give the default configuration for *&,:.
5ey point of this section is that the *&,: default configuration allows for very
short &&C Connection &econfiguration messages.
All times are in ms.
A
' 9?: '
Room for )o'r Note,

IE In3ormation E!ement RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
*nit
A
' 9?; '
A*:*0*# Co'nter C(e+> 3ro+ed're
messages involved and the follow up resulting from the Counter Check
8rocedure.
5ey point of this section is that this procedure needs not to be done once the
operator has enough confidence in its encryption mechanisms.
A
' 9?= '
Room for )o'r Note,

COUNT Extended Se4uence -um,er in /7'/ RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
DL 7o.n!ink RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
DRB 7ata %adio 6earer SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 UL *!ink
MSB +o$t Signi3icant 6it
A
' 9?> '
A*:*0*" RRC Conne+tion Reetabli(ment 3ro+ed're
&eestablishment 8rocedure.
5ey point of this section is that this procedure recovers *&,9 only.
"his procedure shall not be performed once the 3. has no A* security conte#t.
A
' 9?? '
Room for )o'r Note,

AS Acce$$ Stratum (*+TS) PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork
Identi3ier
Acce$$
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
ID Identity RRC(IDL
E
%%' $tate
MAC-I +e$$age Authentication 'ode> +S6F$
o3 extended /7'/ Se4uence -um,er
MMEI ++E Identity UE *$er E4uiment
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum UTRA *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
Terre$tria! %adio Acce$$
A
' 9?@ '
A*:*0*I RRC Conne+tion Releae 3ro+ed're
&elease 8rocedure.
5ey point of this section is that there is no response from the 3. re2uired.
A
' 9?A '
Room for )o'r Note,

eNB Enhanced -ode 6 RRC(IDL
E
%%' $tate
GE%A-> *T%A-> ...)
RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro! UE *$er E4uiment
RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
A
' 9?H '
A*:*A Inter RAT RRC 3ro+ed're
"he obJective of this section is to give an overview about the messages
relating to inter &A" mobility.
5ey point of this section is that the C%)A:BBB system is that different from
;88Ds &A" such that the handover to C%)A:BBB needs to be tailored with
many e#tra messages.
A
' 9@B '
Room for )o'r Note,

3GPP Third Generation /artner$hi /roGect
('o!!a,oration ,et.een di33erent
$tandardiBation organiBation$ (e.g.
A%I6> ETSI) to de3ine ad#anced
mo,i!e communication$ $tandard$>
re$on$i,!e 3or *+TS)
NACC -et.ork A$$i$ted 'e!! 'hange (3GTS
((.0)0)
CDMA2*
**
The 3G Standard 3G//2 RAT %adio Acce$$ Techno!ogy (e.g.
GE%A-> *T%A-> ...)
CSFB 'ircuit S.itched &a!! 6ack RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
Acce$$
UE *$er E4uiment
UL *!ink
GERAN GS+ E7GE %adio Acce$$ -et.ork UTRA *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
GPRS Genera! /acket %adio Ser#ice UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
HO 9ando#er
A
' 9@9 '
A*:*$ E-;TRAN 8ea'rement
A*:*$*! Overview
"he obJective of this section is to give an overview about the messages
performed by the 3. in .'3"&AN.
5ey point of this section is that measurements are not only communicated in
measurement reports.
A
' 9@: '
Room for )o'r Note,

ACK Ackno.!edgement RAT %adio Acce$$ Techno!ogy (e.g.
GE%A-> *T%A-> ...)
CGI 'e!! G!o,a! Identi3ication RI %ank Indicator
DCCH 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne! RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
DL 7o.n!ink RSRP %e3erence Signa! %ecei#ed /o.er
Acce$$
RSR! %e3erence Signa! %ecei#ed Aua!ity
UE *$er E4uiment
NACK -egati#e Ackno.!edgement UL-SCH *!ink Shared 'hanne!
PMI /recoding +atrix Indicator UTRA *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
PUCCH /hy$ica! *!ink 'ontro! 'hanne! UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
PUSCH /hy$ica! *!ink Shared 'hanne!
A
' 9@; '
A*:*$*0 7efinition of 8ea'rement in E-;TRAN
"he obJective of this section is to give an overview of the measurement
definition strategy in .'3"&AN.
5ey point of this section is )easurement ObJects and &eport Configurations
can be combined in )easurement I%Ds.
A
' 9@= '
Room for )o'r Note,

CDMA 'ode 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$ RAT %adio Acce$$ Techno!ogy (e.g.
GE%A-> *T%A-> ...)
RSRP %e3erence Signa! %ecei#ed /o.er
GERAN GS+ E7GE %adio Acce$$ -et.ork UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
ID Identity
A
' 9@> '
A*:*$*A 8ea'rement Event in E-;TRAN
"he obJective of this section is to give an overview of the measurement event
definition strategy in .'3"&AN.
5ey point of this section is that in .'3"&AN there are only : kinds of events.
A
' 9@? '
Room for )o'r Note,

AND 6oth condition$ need to ,e 3u!3i!!ed.
2ogica! &unction.
GE%A-> *T%A-> ...)
OR ?ne condition need to ,e 3u!3i!!ed.
2ogica! &unction.
A
' 9@@ '
A*:*$*$ 8ea'rement 7efinition in t(e Standard H 8ea'rement
Ob=e+t
"he obJective of this section is to give an overview about the I.Ds relating to
the )easurement ObJects.
5ey point of this section is that each &A" has its own )easurement ObJects.
A
' 9@A '
Room for )o'r Note,

CGI 'e!! G!o,a! Identi3ication IE In3ormation E!ement
Acce$$
GE%A-> *T%A-> ...)
A
' 9@H '
A*:*$*: 8ea'rement 7efinition in t(e Standard H Re5ort
Config'ration and 8ea'rement I7
the )easurement &eport configuration and the )easurement I%.
5ey point of this section is that regardless whether periodical measurements
or events are reported the &*&8 and7or &*&C needs to be reported.
A
' 9AB '
Room for )o'r Note,

Acce$$
ID Identity RSR! %e3erence Signa! %ecei#ed Aua!ity
A
' 9A9 '
A*:*$*# Str'+t're 8ea'rement Re5ort
)easurement &eports.
5ey point of this section is that in a )easurement &eport there are no events
visible even though an event might be reported.
A
' 9A: '
Room for )o'r Note,

CDMA2*
**
The 3G Standard 3G//2 IE In3ormation E!ement
CGI 'e!! G!o,a! Identi3ication PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork
Acce$$
GERAN GS+ E7GE %adio Acce$$ -et.ork RSR! %e3erence Signa! %ecei#ed Aua!ity
ID Identity UTRA *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
A
' 9A; '
A*:*: Ot(er RRC 3ro+ed're
"he obJective of this section is to give an overview on the 3- and %-
Information "ransfer procedures.
5ey point of this section is that these procedures do not change with respect
to 3"&AN.
8lease keep in mind that the initial NA* message is sent with the &&C
Connection *etup Complete message.
A
' 9A= '
Room for )o'r Note,

eNB Enhanced -ode 6 UE *$er E4uiment
(%e!. 1 on.ard$)
UL *!ink
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
A
' 9A> '
A*:*# RRC 3ro+ed're 7ela)
A*:*#*! Introd'+tion
"he obJective of this section is to show the timing constraints of &&C
8rocedures.
5ey point of this section is that since the 3- is using a shared channel the 3-
resources have to be scheduled at a well defined time in order to ensure an
efficient operation.
A
' 9A? '
Room for )o'r Note,

eNB Enhanced -ode 6 UL *!ink
A
' 9A@ '
A*:*#*! Gal'e
"he obJective of this section is to give an overview on the &&C procedure
delays.
5ey point of this section is that some &&C procedures cannot have a timing
defined because the reaction from the 3. side is either linked with a random
access procedure or is running across &A"Ds or it is depending on events.
A
' 9AA '
Room for )o'r Note,

CDMA2*
**
The 3G Standard 3G//2 RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
Acce$$
UE *$er E4uiment
GE%A-> *T%A-> ...)
UTRA *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
RB %adio 6earer
A
' 9AH '
A*:*" Idle 8ode 3ro+ed're H Neig(bor Cell 8onitoring 9 Cell
Reele+tion
A*:*"*! 3riorit)-Daed Cell Reele+tion of 8'lti-RAT ;EF
"he obJective of this section is to show that priority'based cell reselection is a
novel principle adopted7possible in &el. A in order to improve the
performance of cell reslection in the presence of of multiple &A"Ds which may
co'e#ist in the same geographical location.
5ey point of this section are that
9. 8riority'based reselection reduces the need for a 3. to monitor all the
available intra'system fre2uency layers and inter'&A" carriers by monitoring
them according to a set of priority rules provided to the 3..
:. Common 0through *I,Ds resp. *ysGInfo1 and7or dedicated priorityDs 0via
dedicated &&C or && messages1 for the indvidual fre2uency layers can be
signaled to the 3., however, dedicated priorities always take precedence
over common priorities.
Image 7e+rition
"he &&) in the respective &AN 0.'3"&AN, .&AN, 3"&AN1 maps *8I%
parameters received via the *9'interface or A7b'interface or Iu'interface to a
locally'defined configuration in order to apply specific &&) strategies 0e.g., to define
&&CGI%-. mode priorities and control inter'&A"7inter'fre2uency handover in
&&CGCONN.C".% mode1. *8I% is an inde# referring to user information such as
mobility profile and service usage profile. "he *8I% information is 3.'specific and
applies to all of its radio bearers.
For simplicity reason the C%)A:BBB is not e#plicitly mentioned nor shown in
above picture, but allows also for priority'based reselection.
"he *I,Ds or *ysGInfos broadcast common priorities of the various neighbor
fre2uencies resp. I&A" fre2uency layerDs.
A
' 9HB '
,eside common priorities for cell reselection the 3. can be provided with
dedicated 0W individual1 priorities based on vendor'specific &&) 0radio resource
management algorithms for the serving &A" and inter'&A" fre2uency layerDs.
"he various different &ANDs have their specific dedicated && resp. &&C
messageDs and broadcast information in order to convey dedicated 0W individual1
and7or common priorities governing 3.Ds reselection behavior.
At inter'&A" cell reselection, the )* shall inherit valid individual priority information
from the source &A". "he )* shall also inherit valid individual priority information
from the source &A" upon cell selection that results in a change of &A". In this case
the mobile station shall start a guard timer " 0depending on the source &A"1 with the
timeout value set to the remaining validity time of the corresponding timer from the
source &A" 0i.e. ";:B in .'3"&A, ";:: in 3"&A or ";:;B in .&A1.
NO".$ "he network may provide individual priorities information for inter'&A"
fre2uencies not configured by system information. Importantly, riorities between
different fre2uencies or &A"Ds provided to the 3. by system information or dedicated
signalling are not used in the cell selection process but these dedicated priorities are
kept in 3.Ds memory and used lateron in the cell reselection process\
A*:*"*!*! S3I7 - S'b+riber 3rofile I7 for RAT/2reK'en+) 5riorit)
"he *ubscriber 8rofile I% I. for &A"7Fre2uency *election 8riority is used to define
camp priorities in Idle mode and to control inter'&A"7inter'fre2uency handover in
Active mode. "he core network like )). 0.8*7*A.1 or )*C7**N0:7;'core1
sends to the respective &AN the optional *8I% parameter in order to control e.g.
service based handover and I&A"'!O as well 3.Ds idle mode cell reselection based
on prioritiKing certain &A"Ds against other &A"Ds. "he &A" prioritiKation may be a
result of the service type0s1 the user re2uests and7or load7overload conditions in the
&ANDs and7or core network.
In the simplest case it could be like this$ a 3.7user which is Just doing voice calls
only might be best served by *) radio access network 0&AN1. Or a 3.7user which
Just does some simple web'browsing from time to time or Just receives push'emails
is best served by 3)"*7!*8A 0precondition is that the 3. supports several different
&A"Ds1. P;"* =A.BBA 0;.:.:.9BA1, =A.B9A 099.;.9B>1, :>.=9; 0H.:.9.A?1, ;?.=9;
0H.:.9.;H1Q
Room for )o'r Note,

CSG '!o$ed Su,$cri,er Grou RAT %adio Acce$$ Techno!ogy (e.g.
GE%A-> *T%A-> ...)
Acce$$
GERA GS+"EG/%S %adio Acce$$ TA Tracking Area
A
' 9H9 '
A*:*"*!*0 E-;TRAN 5riorit)-baed Cell Reele+tion 7etail
First of all upon reception of &&C Connection *etup message 0going into dedicated
mode1, the 3. shall discard the cell reselection priority information provided by the
I. Sidle)ode)obilityControlInfoT or inherited from another &A". P;"* ;?.;;9
0>.;.;.=1Q
"he &&C Connection &elease message can include the I.
Sidle)ode)obilityControlInfoT which forces the 3. to go for priority'based cell
reselection governed by the details of I. Sidle)ode)obilityControlInfoTY and if the
t;:B is included, 3. shall set and start timer ";:B, with the value provided.
In case of missing I. Sidle)ode)obilityControlInfoT the 3. shall apply the cell
reselection priority information broadcast in the system information.
If ";:B e#pires, the 3. shall discard the cell reselection priority information provided
by I. Sidle)ode)obilityControlInfoT or inherited from another &A" 0if stored1Y and
apply the cell reselection priority information broadcast in the system information.
P;"* ;?.;;9 0>.;.A.;, >.;.A.=1Q
RRC Conne+tion Releae meage H 5arameter/IEF en+oding
&edirectedCarrierInfo O8"IONA-, '' Need ON
Idle)ode)obilityControlInfo O8"IONA-, '' Need O8
Redire+tedCarrierInfo $$W C!OIC. ]
eutra A&FCN'/alue.3"&A,
geran CarrierFre2s.&AN,
utra'F%% A&FCN'/alue3"&A,
[snipX^
Idle8ode8obilit)ControlInfo $$W *.C3.NC. ]
Fre28riority-ist.3"&A O8"IONA-, '' Need ON
Fre2s8riority-ist.&AN O8"IONA-, '' Need ON
Fre28riority-ist3"&A'F%% O8"IONA-, '' Need ON
[snipX
t;:B ]>, 9B, :B, ;B, ?B, 9:B, 9AB^ min O8"IONA-, '' Need O& I ^
Fre28riority-istE;TRA $$W *.C3.NC. 0*I<. 09..ma#Fre211 OF Fre28riority.3"&A
*.C3.NC. ]A&FCN'/alue.3"&A, CellReele+tion3riorit) ^
Fre2s8riority-istGERAN $$W *.C3.NC. 0*I<. 09..ma#NF11 OF
Fre2s8riority.&AN ]CarrierFre2s.&AN, CellReele+tion3riorit) ^
Fre28riority-ist;TRA-277 $$W *.C3.NC. 0*I<. 09..ma#3"&A'F%%'Carrier11 OF
Fre28riority3"&A'F%% ], A&FCN'/alue3"&A, CellReele+tion3riorit) ^
CellReele+tion3riorit) 0&ange$ B I @1
"he I. Cell&eselection8riority concerns the absolute priority of the concerned carrier
fre2uency 7 set of fre2uencies 0in case of .&AN1, as used by the cell reselection
procedure. It corresponds with parameter RpriorityR in ;"* ;?.;B=. /alue B means$
lowest priority and @ means highest. "he 3. behavior for the case the priority field is
absent, if applicable, is specified in chapter S&eselection 8riorities !andlingT.
A*:*"*!*A ;TRAN 5riorit)-baed Cell Reele+tion 7etail
*ystem Information ,lock type 9H E Common 8riority Information
A
' 9H: '
If the R8riority statusR e2uals RdedicatedGpriorityR, the 3. shall ignore *I,'9H settings
for common priority'based reselection and follow dedicated priority'based
reselection. Otherwise the 3. follows the common priorityDs for cell reselection
broadcast in *I,'9H if no dedicated priorityDs are present. "he 3. shall then follow
the parameters in *I,'9H$ R3"&A priority info listRY or R*) priority info listR or R.'
3"&A fre2uency and priority info listR if present. P;"* :>.;;9 0A.9.9.?.9H1Q
3"&AN )obility Information 03)I1 ' %edicated 8riority Information
"he 3)I message allows with the I. R%edicated 8riority InformationR to configure 3.
for dedicated priority handling for cell reselection which overrules *I,'9H settings.
"he 3. is then commanded among other things to set the SpriorityT per R&adio
Access "echnologyR e.g. ]3"&A F%%, .'3"&A or *)^ etc. If the R";::R is
configured via 3)I, the 3. shall start timer ";:: using the value signaled. ";::
&ange$ ]>, 9B, :B, ;B, ?B, 9:B, 9AB^ minutes. +hen the timer ";:: e#pires the 3.
should revert to using the priorities signaled in system information *I,'9H. Note that
the absence of this ";:: means that the configured dedicated priorities are valid
until the ne#t update. P;"* :>.;;9 0A.?.@.:;1, 09B.;.:.@1Q
A*:*"*!*$ GERAN 5riorit)-baed Cell Reele+tion 7etail
Inter'&A" cell re'selection based on priority information
"he network may provide priority information to enable priority'based cell reselection
0see ;"* =>.BBA1. Inter'&A" cell reselection based on priority information applies
only in case of autonomous cell reselection.
"wo sets of priorities are defined for inter'&A" cell re'selection based on priority
information$ common priorities and individual 0W dedicated1 priorities. A mobile
station shall consider the latest received common priorities as valid if the mobile
does not have any valid individual 0W dedicated1 priorities.
8rovision of individual 0W dedicated1 priorities information
A mobile station may receive individual priorities information via the && C!ANN.-
&.-.A*. message. "he mobile station shall use these parameters for inter'&A"
cell reselection. If the ";:;B timeout value is provided the mobile station shall set
timer ";:;B to the value received and start timer ";:;B 0or restart timer ";:;B with
the timeout value provided if already running1.
Individual priorities shall be considered valid by the mobile station until either$
' a 8-)N selection is performed and results in a change of 8-)N which is not an
e2uivalent 8-)N, see ;"* :;.9::Y or
' the mobile station is switched offY or
' a && C!ANN.- &.-.A*. message is received with an indication that the
individual priorities shall be deletedY or
' new individual priorities are received in which case the )* shall delete all
previously assigned individual priorities and consider the new ones as validY or
' timer ";:;B e#pires. P;"* ==.B9A 0;.:.;1Q
RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro! in *T%A- or
E=*T%A- :3GTS 2<.331 re$.
3).331;
T322 *T%A- guard timer 3or dedicated
riority=,a$ed re$e!ection in *E
recei#ed ,y S%-'
T32* E=*T%A- guard timer 3or dedicated
recei#ed ,y e-6
T323* GE%A- guard timer 3or dedicated
recei#ed ,y 6S'.
A
' 9H; '
A*:*"*0 Cell Sele+tion in E-;TRAN
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the 8-)N and cell selection
criteria and therefore being separated into three parts.
5ey point of this section are that for cell selection procedure
9. Only the &*&8 is of relevance.
:. "his process allows the 3. to select a suitable cell where to camp on in
order to access available services. In this process the 3. can use stored
information 0*tored information cell selection1 or not 0Initial cell selection1.
"he C'&#lev)inOffset has to be used only once the 3. is in a /'8-)N. "his
ensures that !'8-)NDs enJoy an advantage once it comes to cell selection at the
country boundary.
A
' 9H= '
&eference *ignal &eceived 8ower 0&*&81
&*&8 is defined as the linear average over the power contributions 0in P+Q1 of the
resource elements that carry cell'specific reference signals within the considered
measurement fre2uency bandwidth.
For &*&8 determination the cell'specific reference signals &B according ;"*
;?.:99 shall be used. If the 3. can reliably detect that &9 is available it may use &9
in addition to &B to determine &*&8.
.#ample$ Cell',andwidth W >B &esource ,locks 09B )!K1, no "N'%iversity
V : 8ilot'&.Ds # >B &,Ds # : 8ilot'*ymbols per &, W : # 9BB 8ilot'*CDs as there are
= 8ilot &esource .lements per &esource ,lock and : &.Ds per *ymbol in a &,.
&*&8 W average power per 8ilot subcarrier$ e.g. :B + att 7 9BB *CDs W B.: +att 7*C
In comparison, &*&C is the power per &, V &*&C W &*&8 7 &**I
.#ample$ for >B &,Ds and no inter'cell interference and an idle cell$
9BB *C'8ower 7 :BB *C'8ower W ' ; d, &*&C
Note that the power of 8ilot &.Ds per *ymbol per &, must be added up and then
averaged over the total amount of &,Ds in order to obtain &*&8.
P;"* ;?.:9= 0>.9.91Q
A 3. which is not e2uipped with a valid 3*I) 0i.e. no 3ICC or *I) only1, or which
shall consider the 3*I) as invalid for .8* services as defined in P;"* :=.;B9Q
and P;"* :=.BBAQ 0e.g. due to a -ocation &egistration reJect cause _;, _?, _@,
_A1 shall disable all its .'3"&AN capabilities until switching off or the 3ICC
containing the 3*I) is removed.
Note$ "his is because &el'A .'3"&AN7.8C does not support 3*I)'less
emergency calls according to P;"* ;?.;B= 0=.91Q.
Room for )o'r Note,

RB %e$ource 6!ock tyica!!y comri$e$
o3 12 Su,carrier .ith 1< k9B
3re4uency $acing V 110 k9B
H-PLMN 9ome /2+- RE %e$ource E!ement con$ider$ 1 x
Su,carrier er ?&7+=Sym,o!
PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork SIB Sy$tem In3ormation 6!ock
RSRP %e3erence Signa! %ecei#ed /o.er VPLMN @i$ited /2+-
A
' 9H> '
A*:*"*0*! 3L8N ele+tion in E-;TRAN
On re2uest of the NA* the Access *tratum shall perform a search for available
8-)NDs and report them to NA* 0non access stratum1 ` higher layer in 3..
"he 3. shall scan all &F channels in the .'3"&A bands according to its capabilities
to find available 8-)NDs. On each carrier, the 3. shall search for the strongest cell
and read its system information, in order to find out which 8-)N0s1 the cell belongs
to. If the 3. can read one or several 8-)N identities in the strongest cell, each
found 8-)N 0see the 8-)N reading in P;"* ;?.;;9Q1 shall be reported to the NA*
as a high 2uality 8-)N 0but without the &*&8 value1, provided that the following
high 2uality criterion is fulfilled$
2or an E-;TRAN +ell6 t(e mea'red RSR3 val'e (all be greater t(an or eK'al
to -!!1 dDm.
Found 8-)NDs that do not satisfy the high 2uality criterion, but for which the 3. has
been able to read the 8-)N identities are reported to the NA* together with the
&*&8 value. "he 2uality measure reported by the 3. to NA* shall be the same for
each 8-)N found in one cell.
A*:*"*0*0 Cell Sele+tion and Reele+tion
3. shall perform measurements of found7scanned cellDs for cell selection and
serving ( neighbor cells for reselection purposes as specified in *ystem InfoDs and
defined by ;"* ;?.9;;.
"he NA* can control the &A"0s1 in which the cell selection should be performed, for
instance by indicating &A"0s1 associated with the selected 8-)N, and by
maintaining a list of forbidden registration area0s1 and a list of e2uivalent 8-)Ns.
"he 3. shall select a suitable cell based on idle mode measurements and cell
selection criteria.
In order to speed up the cell selection process, stored information for several &A"s
may be available in the 3..
+hen camped on a cell, the 3. shall regularly search for a better cell according to
the cell reselection criteria. If a better cell is found, that cell is selected. "he change
of cell may imply a change of &A". %etails on performance re2uirements for cell
reselection can be found in P;?.9;;Q.
"he NA* is informed if the cell selection and reselection results in changes in the
received system information relevant for NA*.
For normal service, the 3. shall camp on a suitable cell, tune to that cellDs control
channel0s1 so that the 3. can$
' &eceive system information from the 8-)NY and
' receive registration area information from the 8-)N, e.g., tracking
area informationY and
' receive other A* and NA* InformationY and
'if registered$
' receive paging and notification messages from the 8-)NY and
initiate transfer to connected mode.
A*:*"*0*A Cell Sele+tion 3ro+e
"he 3. shall use one of the following two cell selection procedures$
a1 Initial Cell *election
"his procedure re2uires no prior knowledge of which &F channels are .'3"&A
carriers. "he 3. shall scan all &F channels in the .'3"&A bands according to its
capabilities to find a suitable cell. On each carrier fre2uency, the 3. need only
search for the strongest cell. Once a suitable cell is found this cell shall be selected.
b1 *tored Information Cell *election
A
' 9H? '
"his procedure re2uires stored information of carrier fre2uencies and optionally also
information on cell parameters, from previously received measurement control
information elements or from previously detected cells. Once the 3. has found a
suitable cell the 3. shall select it. If no suitable cell is found the Initial Cell *election
procedure shall be started.
Note$ 8riorities between different fre2uencies or &A"Ds provided to the 3. by
system information or dedicated signaling are not used in the cell selection process.
P;"* ;?.;B= 0>.:.;1Q
A*:*"*0*$ Cell Sele+tion Criterion
"he cell selection criterion * is fulfilled when$
*0r#lev1 X B
*0r#lev1 W C0r#levmeas1 E PC0r#levmin1 E C0r#levminoffset1Q E 8compensation
+here$
the signaled value Cr#levminOffset is only applied when a cell is evaluated for cell
selection as a result of a periodic search for a higher priority 8-)N while camped
normally in a /8-)N P;"* :;.9::Q. %uring this periodic search for higher priority
8-)N the 3. may check the * criteria of a cell using parameter values stored from
a different cell of this higher priority 8-)N.
*0r#lev1 Cell *election &N level value 0d,1
C0r#levmeas1 )easured cell &N level value 0&*&81
C0r#levmin1 )inimum re2uired &N level in the cell 0d,m1
C0r#levminoffset1 Offset to the signalled Cr#levmin taken into account in the
*r#lev evaluation as a result of a periodic search for a higher
priority 8-)N while camped normally in a /8-)N
8compensation ma#08.)ANG! E 808owerClass1, B1 Pd,Q
80.)ANG!1 )a#imum "N power level an 3. may use when transmitting on
the uplink in the cell 0d,m1 defined as 8.)ANG! in P;"*
;?.9B9Q
808owerClass1 )a#imum &F output power of the 3. 0d,m1 according to the
3. power class as defined in P;"* ;?.9B9Q
"he C* 0closed subscriber group1 Cell *election is disregarded here in this
chapter. Nevertheless here some details$
Allowed CSG lit, A list stored in the 3*I) containing all the C* identities of the
C*s to which the subscriber belongs.
Cloed S'b+riber Gro'5 BCSGC$ A Closed *ubscriber roup identifies subscribers
of an operator who are permitted to access one or more cells of the 8-)N but which
have restricted access 0C* cells1.
CSG +ell, A cell, part of the 8-)N, broadcasting a C* indication that is set to
"&3. and a specific C* identity. A C* cell is accessible by the members of the
closed subscriber group for that C* identity.
CSG identit), An identifier broadcast by a C* cell or cells and used by the 3. to
facilitate access for authorised members of the associated Closed *ubscriber
roup.
A
' 9H@ '
A*:*"*A Cell Reele+tion Eval'ation 3ro+e in E-;TRAN
A*:*"*A*! Reele+tion 3rioritie Handling
"he obJective of this section is to point out that in an overlaid multi'&A"
environment the cell reselection based on priorities is of importance for
efficient network operation and crucial for 3.Ds battery life.
5ey point of this section is that particular cell re'selection could be used to
determine which &A" should be used for which service'purpose of the 3. so
that the utility of the network resources is balanced and optimum while
providing high 2uality of service 0Co*1 to the 3. and especially avoiding
I&A"'handover as much as possible.
Image de+ri5tion
"he 3. can be informed about absolute priorities for cell reselection through
*ystem Information broadcast and7or &&C Connection &elease message 0W
dedicated signaling1. )oreover the 3. can inherit priorities from other &A"Ds at
Inter'&A" cell 0re'1selection.
%epending on &adio &esource )anagement algorithms in &AN and7or Core, the
dedicated priorities for Inter'Fre2 and I&A" reselection can be optimiKed to suit
the subscribers traffic pattern resp. behavior. !owever, the algorithm for setting
dedicated priorities and also command the 3. in Inter'Fe2 and7or I&A"'Fre2 re'
directions depend on &AN7Core vendor.
P;"* ;?.;B= 0>.:.=.91Q
Absolute priorities of different .'3"&AN fre2uencies or inter'&A" fre2uencies may
be provided to the 3. in the system information, in the &&C Connection &elease
message, or by inheriting from another &A" at inter'&A" cell 0re1selection.
A
' 9HA '
In the case of system information, an .'3"&AN fre2uency or inter'&A" fre2uency
may be listed without providing a priority 0i.e. the field cell&eselection8riority is
absent for that fre2uency1. If priorities are provided in dedicated signalling, the 3.
shall ignore all the priorities provided in system information. If 3. is in camped on
any cell state, 3. shall only apply the priorities provided by system information from
current cell, and the 3. preserves priorities provided by dedicated signalling unless
specified otherwise. +hen the 3. in camped normally state, has only dedicated
priorities other than for the current fre2uency, the 3. shall consider the current
fre2uency to be the lowest priority fre2uency 0i.e. lower than the eight network
configured values1. +hile the 3. is camped on a suitable C* cell, the 3. shall
always consider the current fre2uency to be the highest priority fre2uency 0i.e. higher
than the eight network configured values1, irrespective of any other priority value
allocated to this fre2uency.
"he 3. shall delete priorities provided by dedicated signalling when$
' the 3. enters &&CGCONN.C".% stateY or
' the optional validity time of dedicated priorities 0";:B1 e#piresY or
a 8-)N selection is performed on re2uest by NA* P;"* :;.9::Q.
Note$ .2ual priorities between &A"s are not supported.
"he 3. shall only perform cell reselection evaluation for .'3"&AN fre2uencies and
inter'&A" fre2uencies that are given in system information and for which the 3. has
a priority provided.
"he 3. shall not consider any black listed cells as candidate for cell reselection.
"he 3. shall inherit the priorities provided by dedicated signalling and the remaining
validity time 0i.e., ";:B in .'3"&A, ";:: in 3"&A and ";:;B in .&AN1, if
configured, at inter'&A" cell 0re1selection.
Note$ "he network may assign dedicated 0also known as individual1 cell
reselection priorities for fre2uencies not configured by system information.
Room for )o'r Note

BCH 6roadca$t 'hanne! SIB Sy$tem In3ormation 6!ock
PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork SIM Su,$cri,er Identity +odu!e
RAN %adio Acce$$ -et.ork (e.g.
*T%A-> GE%A- or E=*T%A-)
A
' 9HH '
A*:*"*A*0 8ea'rement R'le for Cell Re-Sele+tion
"he obJective of this section is to e#plain that the 3. in -". needs to
evaluate up to > conditions 0see color coding in above picture1 when
collecting measurements on any neighbor resp. fre2uency'layer.
"he key points of this section are that
9. "he serving cellDs *'criterion needs to be evaluated by the 3. in order to
determine measurements on the same fre2uency and other fre2uencies.
:. ,eside the *'criterion, the serving cellDs absolute priority and the priority of
Inter'Fre2 and I&A" Fre2Ds needs to be taken into account when to start
measurement collection considering the reception level in the servingCell.
Image 7e+ri5tion
C0r#levmin1$ "his specifies the minimum re2uired &# level in the serving cell in
d,mY e.g.$ '99B d,m.
*0intra*earch1$ "his specifies the threshold 0in d,1 for intra'fre2uency
measurements relative to C0r#levmin1Y e.g. =B d, V &*&8 W '99B d,m Z =B d,
W ' @B d,m. "his means, as long as the &*&8 X '@B d,m the 3. does not have
to perform intra'fre2uency measurements. "his saves battery power in 3.. Note
that the priority for Intra'Fre2 neighbor cells should be same as the serving cell.
*0non'Intra*earch1$ "his specifies the threshold 0in d,1 for .'3"&AN inter'
fre2uency and inter'&A" measurements relative to C0r#levmin1Y e.g. :B d, V
&*&8 W '99B d,m Z :B d, W ' HB d,m. "his means, as long as the
&*C8 X 'HB d,m the 3. does not have to perform measurements on e2ual or
lower prioritiKed .'3"&AN inter'Fre2Ds or I&A" Fre2Ds.
A
' :BB '
*0servingCell1 Pd,Q W &*&8 Pd,mQ E C0r#levmin1 Pd,mQ
.#ample$ &*&8 W 'AB d,m M *0servingCell1 W 'AB ' 0'99B1 W Z ;B d,
*0non'*ervingCell,#1 is the *0r#lev1'value of other cells, either inter'Fre2 or I&A"'
neighbor cells or intra'Fre2 neighbor cellDs. Again following calcuation needs to
be done$ &*C80non'*ervingCell,#1 E C0r#levmin,#1 W *0nonservingCell,#1 in Pd,Q
7etailed 7e+ri5tion
+hen evaluating for reselection purposes cell selection criterion or *0non'
*ervingCell,#1, the 3. shall use parameters provided by the serving cell in *I,
type ;. Following rules are used by the 3. to limit needed measurements$
' If *0intra*earch1 is sent in the serving cell and *0servingCell1 X *0intra*earch1, 3.
may choose to not perform intra'fre2uency measurements.
' If *0servingCell1 [W *0intra*earch1, or *0intra*earch1 is not sent in the serving cell
3. shall perform intra'fre2uency measurements.
' "he 3. shall apply the following rules for .'3"&AN inter'fre2uencies and inter'
&A" fre2uencies which are indicated in system information and for which the 3. has
priority provided as defined in previous section S&eselection 8riorities !andlingT$
For an .'3"&AN inter'fre2uency or inter'&A" fre2uency with a reselection
priority higher than the reselection priority of the current .'3"&A fre2uency
the 3. shall perform measurements of higher priority .'3"&AN inter'
fre2uency or inter'&A" fre2uencies.
For an .'3"&AN inter'fre2uency with an e2ual or lower reselection priority
than the reselection priority of the current .'3"&A fre2uency and for inter'
&A" fre2uency with lower reselection priority than the reselection priority of
the current .'3"&AN fre2uency$
If *0non'Intrasearch1 is sent in the serving cell and *0servingCell1
X *0non'Intra*earch1 3. may choose not to perform
measurements of .'3"&AN inter'fre2uencies or inter'&A"
fre2uency cells of e2ual or lower priority.
If *0servingCell1 [W *0non'Intra*earch1 or *0non'Intra*earch is not
sent in the serving cell the 3. shall perform measurements of .'
3"&AN inter'fre2uencies or inter'&A" fre2uency cells of e2ual or
lower priority.
+here *0servingCell1 is the *0r#lev1'value of the serving cell.
P;"* ;?.;B= 0>.:.=.:1Q
-essons learned from 3)"* &el. HH !ierarchical Cell *tructure$
"he !C*'feature effects 3.Ds battery life.
Note$ +ithout !C*, the 3. will not search for any neighbors until
*0intra*earchG3"&AN1 is reached. *o if the .c7NB of the serving cell is good, power
consumption in 3. is very low. ,ut +ith !C*, the 3. will constantly search for
neighbors with a higher !C* priority regardless of the .c7NB of the serving cell.
+hat Operator have noticed is that these searches 0every %&N cycle1 consume
2uite a bit of power especially if the neighbors are on another F%% fre2uency.
)oreover, due to peculiar Femto cell deployment every 3)"* macro cell has by
default Femto neighbor relations even if no Femtos e#ist in that area. "his process
has to be this way, as the Operator does not know where Femtos will be powered on
by the subscriberDs. *o the 3. will constantly scan for these neighbors every %&N
cycle trying to detect and measure them.
A
' :B9 '
A*:*"*A*A 8obilit) State in E-;TRAN
"he obJective of this section is to e#plain that -". uses similar 3. speed
detection method like 3)"* defined in &el. > 0note that in 3)"* of &el. HH
the speed detection was only possible with !ierarchical Cell *tructure
activated and then the 3. reselected based on mobility7speed certain
Fre2uency -ayer1.
9. "he mobility detection of either Normal, )edium or !igh Just influences the
scaling of the timer for &eselection 0"reselection1 but does not favor a
particular reselection behavior towards certain Fre2uency -ayers 0having
certain priorities1. One could have specified that the 3. in !igh )obility *tate
preferably reselects )acro'cells which then the operator needs to prioritiKe in
order to reduce the amount of cell changes7reselections, but this was not
standardiKed in -". but rather the case in 3)"* of &el. HH.
:. "he 3. needs to have a mechanism in place to track the number of
reselections in a certain period, e.g. sliding window mechanism or a ring'
buffer where the 3. logs the time'stamp when a reselection happens as well
counts the occurred reselections within "0C&Gma#1 and "0C&Gma#!yst1
time.
Note that the eN, is not aware about 3.Ds mobility state when 3. is in Idle state. In
connected state the eN, can determine 3.Ds speed by counting the _ of !ODs in a
period of time and may decide on different &&) resp. !andover algorithms.
A
' :B: '
Image 7e+ri5tion
9. "he 3. is considered in !igh )obility *tate as it changes within ?B s more
than 9: cells.
:. "he 3. has to consider itself in )edium )obility as it changes within ?B s
more A cells but less than 9: cells.
;. %uring a time of 9:B s the 3. has less than A cell reselections performed
and must therefore itself consider as slow moving V Normal )obility.
,esides Normal'mobility state a !igh'mobility and a )edium'mobility state are
applicable if the parameters 0"0C&Gma#1, N0C&G!1, N0C&G)1 and "0C&Gma#!yst1
are sent in the *I, type ; 0and also contained in I. D)easConfigD of &&C Connection
&econfiguration message1 in broadcast of the serving cell.
;"* ;?.;B= 0>.:.=.;1Q
State dete+tion +riteria,
)edium'mobility state criteria$
' If number of cell reselections during time period "0C&Gma#1 e#ceeds
N0C&G)1 and not e#ceeds N0C&G!1
!igh'mobility state criteria$
' If number of cell reselections during time period "0C&Gma#1 e#ceeds
N0C&G!1
"he 3. shall not count consecutive reselections between same two cells into
mobility state detection criteria if same cell is reselected Just after one other
reselection.
State tranition,
"he 3. shall$
' if the criteria for !igh'mobility state is detected$
' enter !igh'mobility state.
' else if the criteria for )edium'mobility state is detected$
' enter )edium'mobility state.
' else if criteria for either )edium' or !igh'mobility state is not detected during time
period "0C&Gma#!yst1$
' enter Normal'mobility state.
If the 3. is in !igh' or )edium'mobility state, the 3. shall apply the speed
dependent scaling rules as defined in ne#t section S*caling &ulesT.
N+CR(H, -um,er o3 ce!! re$e!ection$
9igh
T+CR(-.x, Timer 3or guarding ce!! re$e!ection$
N+CR(M, -um,er o3 ce!! re$e!ection$
+edium
T+CR(-.x
H/s',
9y$tere$i$ timer 3or guarding ce!!
re$e!ection$
A
' :B; '
A*:*"*A*$ S+aling R'le baed on 8obilit) State
"he obJective of this section is to highlight that additional to )edium' and
!igh mobility detection the 3. can be optional configured to apply a
reduction of the "reselection timer and7or an increase of the hysteresis for
the -". serving cell in order to lift up serving cellDs ranking value &0s1.
9. "he scaling resp. reduction of the "reselection timer can be configured
&A"'specific 0e.g. individual for .'3"&AN', 3"&AN' or .&AN' Fre2'
layerDs1
:. In order to reduce the fading effects of moving 3.Ds having a high velocity
in .'3"&AN, the -". serving cell can be promoted by different hysteresis
values depending on )edium' and !igh' )obility state. An increased
hysteresis reduces 8ing'8ong reselections in fast changing radio
environment.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he scaling resp. reduction of "reselection timer 0` &A"'specific scaling1 is done
independently of the neighbors &A" and priority. On the other side the hysteresis
A
' :B= '
is only used in the cell ranking for serving cell and for neighbor cells of intra'Fre2
and
e2ual priority inter'Fre2 neighbors. "hus the increase of hysteresis has no effect in
reselection conditions e.g. between -". and .&AN or -". and 3"&AN as ranking
is not used between &A"Ds\ For I&A" reselections 0and reselections between
different prioritiKed -". Fre2'layers1 thresholds and priority of I&A" and Inter'Fre2
neigbhors are only considered. "his is e#plained in the ne#t sections.
3. shall apply the following scaling rules$
If neither )edium' nor !igh'mobility state is detected$
' no +aling is applied.
If !igh'mobility state is detected$
' Add the sf'!igh of R*peed dependent *calingFactor for ChystT to Chyst if
sent via *I 0W *ystem Info1
' For .'3"&AN cells multiply "reselectionG.3"&A by the sf'!igh of R*peed
dependent *calingFactor for "reselectionG.3"&AT if sent via *I
' For 3"&AN cells multiply "reselectionG3"&A by the sf'!igh of R*peed
dependent *calingFactor for "reselectionG3"&AT if sent via *I
' For .&AN cells multiply "reselectionG.&A by the sf'!igh of R*peed
dependent *calingFactor for "reselectionG.&A stateT if sent via *I
[snipX
If )edium'mobility state is detected$
' Add the sf')edium of R*peed dependent *calingFactor for C0hyst1 for
medium mobility stateR to C0hyst1 if sent on system information
' For .'3"&AN cells multiply "reselectionG.3"&A by the sf')edium of
R*peed dependent *calingFactor for "reselectionG.3"&AR if sent on *I
' For 3"&AN cells multiply "reselectionG3"&A by the sf')edium of R*peed
dependent *calingFactor for "reselectionG3"&AR if sent via *I
' For .&AN cells multiply "reselectionG.&A by the sf')edium of R*peed
dependent *calingFactor for "reselectionG.&AR if sent via *I
[snipX
Note that the scaling of "reselection for C%)AG!&8% and C%)AG9N&"" is skipped
on purpose for simplicity reasons and not shown in the picture.
Note$ In case scaling is applied to any "reselectionGD&A"D parameter the 3. shall
round up the result after all scalings to the nearest second.
P;"* ;?.;B= 0>.:.=.;.91, ;"* ;?.;;9 0?.;.91Q
1&RTT 1 time$ %adio Tran$mi$$ion
Techno!ogy> .ith $ame %&
,and.idth a$ IS=8<C a du!ex
air o3 1.2< +9B
H/s' 9y$tere$i$
E-UTRA Enhanced *+TS Terre$tria!
%adio Acce$$
RAT %adio Acce$$ Techno!ogy
GERA GE%A- %adio Acce$$ SI 9ereC Sy$tem In3ormation
HRPD 9igh rate acket data SF Sca!ing &actor
A
' :B> '
A*:*"*$ E-;TRAN Inter-2reK and IRAT Cell Reele+tion Criteria
"he obJective of this section is to highlight that -".Ds Inter'Fre2 and I&A" cell
reselection is not based, compared to 3)"*, on cumbersome ranking
among different neighbors of various &A"Ds and Fre2uencies but Just on the
simple &N'level thresholdDs individual set for Inter'Fre2 and I&A" neighborDs.
9. Inter'Fre2 ( I&A"'neighbors of higher priority are reselected by 3. if their
&*C8 03"&AN neighbor1 or &N-./ 0*)7.8&* neighbor1 or &*&8 0-".
neighbor1 e#ceed an absolute value of SC0r#levmin,#1 Z "hresh0#,high1T.
:. "he 3. gets informed when camping in -". about minimum re2uired &N'
levelDs Pin case of 3)"*'F%% also C02ualmin1Q of other &A"Ds or other -".
Fre2uencies via the relevant *I,Ds$ *I,'type >, *I,'type ?, *I,'type @ and
*I,'type A broadcast the respective SC0r#levmin1T per &A"7Fre2uency.
;. "he 3. gets through the same .'3"&AN *I,Ds informed about the
re2uired thresholdDs0#,high1 per &A" and -".'Fre2 which must be e#ceeded
by the S&A" or -".'Fre2 specific C0r#lev,#1T for time'period of
"reselectionG&A" Y only then reselection towards &A"7Fre2'# is allowed.
7etail on Inter-2reK and IRAT Cell Reele+tion
For .&AN, 3"&AN, and .'3"&AN, *0non'*ervingCell,#1 is the *0r#lev1'value of an
evaluated cellY C0r#levmeas1 is the measured reception level in &A"' or Fre2'#.
A
' :B? '
*0non'*ervingCell,#1 W C0r#levmeas,#1 E C0r#levmin,#1
For 3"&AN F%%, there is an additional condition to be fulfilled for cell reselection.
"he measured .c7No must be above an minimum value$
3)"*'F%%$ *02ual1 X B V *02ual1 W C02ualmin1 E C02ualmeas1.
Note that C02ualmeas1 is the measured .c7No'value in 3"&A. "he parameter
C02ualmin1 is broadcast in *I,'; on ,CC! to the 3.Ds.
In all the above criteria the value of "0reselectionG&A"1 Prange B...@ sQ is scaled
when the 3. is in the medium or high mobility state as e#plained in previous section.
If more than one cell meets the above criteria, the 3. shall reselect a cell ranked as
the best cell among the cells meeting the criteria on the highest priority fre2uencies
or the highest priority &A"Y and if the highest priority &A" is .'3"&A according to
criteria defined in section SIntra'Fre2uency and e2ual 8riority Inter'Fre2 &eselection
CriteriaT. P;"* ;?.;B= 0>.:.=.>1Q
"he I. S&eselection"hresholdT PW "hresh0#,high1Q is broadcast per Fre2uency -ayer
to enforce an &*&8 or &*C8 or &N-./'threshold defined by the operator.
+ith such level'thresholds it is easier to control the Sidle'trafficT and have the 3.
pushed already on the preferred Fre2'layer avoiding handover later'on in connected'
mode. Note that in urban dense areaDs the 3. receives signals of up to ; &A"Ds and
via more than ; Fre2uencies as 3)"* may use : F%%'Fre2Ds.
Reele+tion Condition for (ig(er 5rioritiLed RATF or 2reKF,
Criteria 9$ the *0non'*ervingCell,#1 of a cell on evaluated fre2uency is
greater than "hresh0#, high1 during a time interval "0reselectionG&A"1.
Cell reselection to a cell on a higher priority .'3"&AN fre2uency or inter'
&A" fre2uency than serving fre2uency shall be performed if$
A cell of a higher priority .'3"&AN fre2uency or inter'&A" fre2uency
fulfills Scriteria 9TY and
more than 9 second has elapsed since the 3. camped on the current
serving cell.
S+1"1-
Se2v$134x,
%AT= or &re4=x $eci3ic #a!ue
a,o#e A(rx!e#min>x)
!+2x5ev-$1
4x,
%AT= or &re4=x=$eci3ic min
re4uired %E=!e#e!
S+67.5, *+TS=&77 $eci3ic 4ua!ity
#a!ue ,a$ed on Ec"-o
S+2x5ev4x, %AT= or &re4=x $eci3ic #a!ue in d6
a,o#e minimum re4uired #a!ue
!+67.5-$1, +in re4uired Ec"-o=#a!ue in
*+TS=&77 ,roadca$t ,y 2TE
T82es8+x4
8$38,
%AT= or &re4=x $eci3ic thre$ho!d
to ,e exceeded 3or riority
re$e!ection
!+2x5ev-e.s4
x,
%AT= or &re4=x $eci3ic
mea$ured recetion !e#e!
9x: Inter=%AT -eigh,or or 2TE=Inter
&re4uency -eigh,or
A
' :B@ '
A*:*"*: Intra-2reK and eK'al 3riorit) Inter-2reK Reele+tion Criteria
"he obJective of this section is firstly to state that there is a specific ranking
for -".Ds intra' and inter'fre2uency neighbors having the same priority and
secondly to demonstrate how cell ranking criterion &0s1 for serving cell and
&0n1 for neighboring cells is defined.
5ey point of this section are$
9. Neighbor cells belonging to different &A"Ds or Fre2uencies are not ranked
against each other as they must have different priorityDs\
:. Neighbor cells of e2ual 8riority like serving cell are only allowed within the
same &A", e.g. all .'3"&AN neighbors , even on different fre2uencies can
be set by the operator to same 8riority or all 3)"*'F%% neighborDs can have
the same 8riority or all .&AN neighbor cells can be configured with the
same 8riority.
;. If several higher prioritiKed neighbor cells fulfilling Scriteria 9T 0see previous
section1, there will be also a ranking done among these higher prioritiKed
cells only according to their *0r#lev1.
Image 7e+ri5tion
Intra -". cell reselection 0reselection among cells on the same fre2uency or
different fre2uency but same priority like serving cell1 is based on calculating an so
called &anking value.
A
' :BA '
"he 3. adds to measured &*&8'value C0meas,s1 of the -".'serving cell a
hysteresis value C0hyst1 broadcast in *I, type ;.
;?.;;9 0?.;.91$ 2'!yst range W ]d,B, d,9, d,:, d,;, d,=, I, d,:B, d,::, d,:=^
"he hysteresis promotes the serving cell against all other -". intra'fre2uency and
inter'fre2uency neighborDs having the same priority as the serving cell. "he
hysteresis thus helps to reduce 8ing'8ong reselections which are particular not
desire'able if they occur on "racking Area boundaries. Another advantage of the
hysteresis is that Just the serving cell needs to be optimiKed with a certain high d,'
value compared to the alternative which is to specify for every -".'neighbor cell an
Offset'value.
!owever, the C0Offset,n1 allows an optimiKed or guided reselection from serving cell
to certain -".'neighbor cellDs as the OffsetGs,n is per neighbor relationship
configurable in *I, type =. C0offset,n1 is also possible per inter'fre2uency\
;?.;;9 0?.;.91$IntraFre2NeighCell-ist $$W 9..ma#CellIntra11 OF IntraFre2NeighCellInfo
IntraFre2NeighCellInfo $$W ] physCellId 0W 8CI ` scrambling code1,2'OffsetCell^
2'OffsetCell W C'Offset&ange
C'Offset&ange is used to indicate a cell or fre2uency specific offset to be applied
when evaluating candidates for cell re'selection or when evaluating triggering
conditions for measurement reporting. /alue range ]':=d,, ':Bd,I'?d,, '>d,...
Z=d,, Z>d,, Z?d,, ZAd,... Z :=d,^
2'rt(er 7etail,
i1 C0offset0s,n11 refers to the offset between serving and neighbor cell
a1 for intra'fre2$ C0offset1 W C0offsetGs,n1
b1 for inter'fre2$ C0offset1 W C0offsetGs,n1 Z C0offsetGfre21
ii1 C0offset0fre211 refers to fre2'specific offset for e2ual priority .'3"&AN fre2Os
-".'Fre2uency specific C0offsetGfre21 in *I, type >
;?.;;9 0?.;.91$ 2'OffsetFre2 W C'Offset&ange %.FA3-"W d,B,
"his means that for e2ual prioritiKed -". inter'fre2uency neighbor cells the operator
has the option firstly to promote or discourage reselections by a negative or positive
C0offsetGfre21 value. In simple words Sidle trafficT can be shuffled from serving fre2 to
another -".'fre2. *econdly the operator can again define by C0offsetGs,n1 per inter'
fre2uency neighbor cell a specific offset to promote or discourage certain
reselections. Note that the fre2uency specific offset C0offsetGfre21 and neighbor ship
specific offset C0offsetGs,n1 refer to the same A*N.9 parameter$ SC'Offset&angeT.
EB()tC hy$tere$i$ #a!ue 3or ranking o3
the $er#ing ce!! :d6;
K-Offet2reK Same a$ A(o33$etH3re4)>
AS-.1 name in 3).331
K-H)t Same a$ A(hy$t)> AS-.1 name EBoffetJfreKC &re4uency $eci3ic o33$et
:d6;
EBmeaC %S%/=#a!ue re$. A(rx!e#mea$)
Pd,mQ
E-
OffetRange
AS-.1 arameter name 3or
neigh,or or 3re4uency o33$et
EBmea6C %S%/=#a!ue o3 $er#ing ce!!
:d6m;
EBoffetJ6nC ?33$et er neigh,or $hi
K-OffetCell -eigh,or ce!! $eci3ic o33$et :d6; EBoffet6nC -eigh,or or 3re4uency o33$et
A
' :BH '
A*:*"*:*! Cell Ran>ing Criterion in E-;TRAN for eK'al 3riorit) inter-
2reK and intra-2reK
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the ranking formula for serving cell
and neighbor cells having the same priority. "he ranking of the neighbor cells
can be distinguished by intra'fre2uency and inter'fre2uency.
5ey point of this section are$
9. Intra'fre2uency and inter'fre2uency neighborDs have same priority as the
serving cell. Only then the above depicted ranking criterion applies.
:. .2ual priorities between different &A"Ds is not supported resp. allowed.
;. "he C0offset1 of inter'fre2uency W C0offsetGs,n1 Z C0offsetGfre21 whereas
the C0offset1 for intra'fre2uency W C0offsetGs,n1.
Image 7e+ri5tion
"he cell'ranking criterion &0s1 for serving cell and &0n1 for neighbouring cells is
defined by$
I1 &0s1 W C0meas,s1 Z C0!yst1
II1 &0n1 W C0meas,n1 Z C0offset1
where$
A
' :9B '
EBmeaC, &*&8 measurement 2uantity used in cell reselections.
EBoffetC, For intra'fre2uency$ .2uals to C0offsetGs,n, if C0offsetGs,n1 is valid,
otherwise this e2uals to Kero.
For inter'fre2uency$ .2uals to C0offsetGs,n1 plus C0offsetGfre21, if
C0offsetGs,n1 is valid, otherwise this e2uals to C0offsetGfre21.
"he 3. shall perform ranking of all cells that fulfill the cell selection criterion *, which
is defined in earlier sections of this chapter, but may e#clude all C* cells that are
known by the 3. to be not allowed.
"he cells shall be ranked according to the & criteria specified above, deriving
C0meas,n1 and C0meas,s1 and calculating the & values using averaged &*&8
results.
If a cell is ranked as the best cell the 3. shall perform cell reselection to that cell. If
this cell is found to be not'suitable, the 3. shall behave according to S!ighest
ranked cells with cell reservations, access restrictions or unsuitable for normal
campingT being described in ;"* ;?.;B= 0>.:.=.=1. "his subJect is skipped here for
simplicity reasons\
In all cases, the 3. shall reselect the new cell, only if the following
conditions are met$
the new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval
"reselectionG&A"Y
serving cell.
P;"* ;?.;B= 0>.:.=.?1Q
Room for )o'r Note,

RSRP %e3erence Signa! %ecei#ed /o.er UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
A
' :99 '
A*:*"*# Cell Reele+tion toward lower 3riorit) E-;TRAN 2reK or
IRAT 2reK t(an Serving 2reK
"he obJective of this section is to give the characteristics of the cell
reselection procedure with special emphasis on lower prioritiKed .'3"&AN
Fre2 or I&A" Fre2 neighbors than serving fre2uency7cell.
5ey points of this section are
9. Four conditions need to be fulfilled in order to let an 3. camping on an
-". fre2uency7cell reselect towards lower prioritiKed I&A" fre2uency or lower
prioritiKed other .'3"&AN fre2uency.
:. "he &eselection"hresholds for serving cell and neighbor cell are based on
the *'criteria and therefore based on C0r#levmin1 values of serving cell and
neighbor cell.
;. "he *0*ervingCell1 corresponds to the *0r#lev1'value of the serving cell
and the *0non'servingCell,#1'value corresponds to the *0r#lev1'value of
neighbor cell D#D.
A
' :9: '
Image 7e+ri5tion
Cell reselection to a cell on a lower priority .'3"&AN fre2uency or inter'&A"
fre2uency than serving fre2uency shall be performed if$
No neighbor cell on a higher priority .'3"&AN fre2uency or inter'&A"
fre2uency than serving fre2uency fulfills the Scriteria 9T 0mentioned in
previous section1Y and
No neighbor cell on serving fre2uency or on an e2ual priority .'3"&AN
fre2uency fulfills the ranking criteria &0n1 X &0s1 for "reselectionG&A"Y
and
*0*ervingCell1 [ "hresh0serving, low1 and the *0non'*ervingCell,#1 of
a cell of a lower priority .'3"&AN fre2uency or inter'&A" fre2uency is
greater than "hresh0#, low1 during a time interval "reselectionG&A"Y
and
serving cell.
For .&AN, 3"&AN, and .'3"&AN, *0non'*ervingCell,#1 is the *0r#lev1'value of an
evaluated cell. For 3"&AN F%%, *02ual1 is higher than B, as defined in P;"*
:>.;B=Q. For cdma:BBB &A"Ds, *0non'*ervingCell,#1 is e2ual to 'F-OO&0': # 9B #
log9B .c7Io1 in units of B.> d,, with .c7Io referring to the value measured from the
evaluated cell.
For cdma:BBB &A"Ds, "hresh0#, high1 and "hresh0#, low1 are e2ual to '9 times the
values signaled for the corresponding parameters in the system information.
In all the above criteria the value of "reselectionG&A" is scaled when the 3. is in
the medium or high mobility state 0e#plained before in earlier section1.
If more than one cell meets the above criteria, the 3. shall reselect a cell ranked as
the best cell among the cells meeting the criteria on the highest priority fre2uencies
or the highest priority &A".
P;"* ;?.;B= 0>.:.=.>1Q
R+1, %anking #a!ue o3 neigh,or ce!! S+2x5ev, S=criterion o3 a ce!!C
C0r#levmeas1 ' C0r#levmin1
R+s, %anking #a!ue o3 $er#ing ce!! !+2x5ev
-$14s,
+in re4uired recetion !e#e! in
$er#ing ce!! 3or caming and ce!!
$e!ection
S+1"1-
Se2v$13C
e554x,
S=criterion o3 neigh,or ce!! FxF in
other %AT or di33erent 3re4uency
!+2x5ev
-$141,
+in re4uired recetion !e#e! in
neigh,or ce!! 3or ce!! re$e!ection
S+Se2v$1
3Ce55,
S=criterion o3 $er#ing ce!!
A
' :9; '
A*# GERAN to E-;TRAN Cell Reele+tion
A*#*! IRAT 8ea'rement w(en +am5ing in GS8 or G3RS
"he obJective of this section is to highlight that priority'based I&A" neighbor
search also e#ist in .&AN. "he ,**78C3 broadcast I&A" neighbor lists
03"&AN and7or .'3"&AN1 in *I':2uater.
9. "he 3. can inherit priorities from other &A" when reselecting to *).
"hese priorities are so called dedicated 0also known as individual1 priorities1.
"heses dedicated priorities take precedence over common priorities
broadcast via *I':2uater.
:. "he network takes care either through dedicated signaling or through
broadcast that 3.Ds in .&AN have received their priorities for every
supported &A" in the network.
For a multi'&A" )* supporting .'3"&A, .'3"&AN fre2uencies may be included in
the .'3"&AN Neighbor Cell list 0*I':2uater1. "he network controls the
measurements for reselection of .'3"&A cells by the parameter
"!&.*!GpriorityGsearch broadcast on ,CC! via *ystem Info :2uater.
"he parameter "!&.*!GpriorityGsearch also controls measurement of inter'&A"
cells or fre2uencies included in the ; Cell &eselection list when the inter'&A"
cell reselection algorithm based on priority information is used.
A
' :9= '
+hen &-AGC of the serving cell is below "!&.*!GpriorityGsearch, the
mobile station shall monitor cells of inter'&A" fre2uencies of lower priority
than the serving cell.
+hen &-AGC of the serving cell is above the threshold, the mobile station is
allowed not to monitor cells of inter'&A" fre2uencies of lower priority than
the serving cell.
"he )* shall perform the measurement processes for .'3"&AN and other
access technologies in parallel when applicable.
"he mobile station shall monitor cells of inter'&A" fre2uencies of higher priority than
the serving cell at least once every 0?BaNhpf1 seconds, where Nhpf is the number of
inter'&A" fre2uencies of higher priority.
7efinition of RLCJC
Note$ For the purposes of cell selection and reselection, the )* is re2uired to
maintain an average of received signal levels for all monitored fre2uencies. "hese
2uantities termed the Rreceived level averagesR 0&-AGC1, shall be unweighted
averages of the received signal levels measured in d,m. "he accuracy of the
received signal level measurements for idle mode tasks shall be the same as for
radio link measurements.
P;"* =>.BBA 0?.91Q
8a4im'm n'mber of ;TRAN and E-;TRAN neig(bor to be monitored w(en in
GS8
A multi'&A" )* shall be able to monitor cells from other radio access technologies,
divided into 0depending on the )* capability1$
3"&AN F%% cells on up to ; F%% fre2uencies, with a ma#imum of ;: cells
per fre2uencyY and7or
3"&AN "%% cells on up to ; "%% fre2uencies with a ma#imum of ;: cells
per fre2uencyY and7or
.'3"&AN F%% cells on up to ; F%% fre2uenciesY and7or
.'3"&AN "%% cells on up to ; "%% fre2uencies.
"he total number of monitored 3"&AN cells shall not e#ceed ?=.
P;"* =>.BBA 0?.?.=1Q
At inter'&A" cell reselection from 3"&AN or .'3"&AN to .&AN, the )* shall
inherit valid individual priority information from the source &A". In this case the
mobile station shall start timer ";:;B with the timeout value set to the remaining
validity time of the corresponding timer from the source &A" 0i.e. ";:B in .'3"&A,
";:: in 3"&A1. If more than one valid individual priority applied for .&AN
fre2uencies while in the source &A" then, following inter'&A" reselection to .&AN,
the mobile station shall apply, as .&AN individual priority, only the one applicable
to the ,CC! carrier of the .&AN cell that was reselected, for as long as it is valid
and the mobile station remains in .&AN. In this case the mobile station shall not
apply the other .&AN individual priority0ies1 until a further inter'&A" reselection
from .&AN occurs.
NO".$ "he network may provide individual priorities information for inter'&A"
fre2uencies not configured by system information.
A
' :9> '
A*#*0 IRAT Cell Reele+tion baed on 3riorit) H 0G to AG / LTE
A*#*0*! Cell Reele+tion CriteriaF
"he obJective of this section is to describe the three possible cases for I&A"
reselection from .&AN to 3"&AN7.'3"&AN based on priority.
9. A )* involved in a C*'voice call will never be handed over towards .'
3"&AN even the 3. is %") with simultaneous /oice and 8* bearer$ *o
I&A" changes from *) towards -". can only take place in Idle mode.
:. Of course once the )* has Just a 8*'connection 0",F1 the )* can either
reselect autonomously 0V network control order B1 or controlled through
8C3 0NC':1 known as network controlled cell reselection 0NCC&1 or through
NACC 0network assisted cell change from 0.18&* to 3"&AN or .'3"&AN.
A )* supporting .'3"&AN shall support priority based I&A" cell reselection
towards all &A"Os. "he Network shall provide 8riority Info if .'3"&AN Fre2Os are
included in the neighbor cell list\
A
' :9? '
"he algorithm for cell reselection in this section shall be used for inter'&A" cell
reselection if priority information is available to the )* and threshold information is
provided by the network, and if the )* supports priority based inter'&A" cell re'
selection. A mobile station supporting .'3"&AN shall support priority based inter'
&A" cell re'selection towards all the supported &A"Ds. A )* not supporting .'
3"&AN and supporting 3"&AN and supporting priority based reselection from
3"&AN to .&AN shall support priority based inter'&A" cell re'selection towards
3"&AN.
"he network shall provide priority information if .'3"&AN fre2uencies are included
in the neighbor cell listY the network may provide priority information if only 3"&AN
fre2uencies are included in the neighbor cell list. If priority information is available to
the mobile station, the algorithm in this section shall be used for inter'&A"
reselection towards all &A"Ds. "he rules regarding which set of priorities is valid at
any given time are defined in S;"* ==.B9A 0;.:.;1 Inter'&A" cell re'selection based
on priority informationT.
NO". 9$S8riority informationT means information related to each 3"&AN or .'
3"&AN fre2uency 0e.g. "!&.*!G3"&ANGhigh, "!&.*!G.'3"&ANGhigh1 and
information related to the serving cell 0e.g. .&ANG8&IO&I"41.
NO". :$"hroughout the specification, the phrase Sneighbor cell listT will include also
the .'3"&AN Neighbor Cell list where appropriate.
"he )* shall then reselect a suitable 0see ;88 "* :>.;B= for 3"&AN and ;88
"* ;?.;B= for .'3"&AN1 cell of another radio access technology if the criteria below
are satisfied. *Gnon'servingGNNN is the measurement 2uantity of a non'serving
inter'&A" cell and NNN indicates the other radio access technology7mode and is
defined as follows$
for a 3"&AN cell, is the measured &*C8 value for the cell minus
3"&ANGC&N-./)IN for the cellOs fre2uencyY
for a .'3"&AN cell, is the measured &*&8 value for the cell minus .'
3"&ANGC&N-./)IN for the cellOs fre2uency.
For a *) cell, *G*) is defined as the C9 value for the cell.
To be continued on next page
to be defined.
A
' :9@ '
Cell Reele+tion Criteria in detail
Cell reselection to a cell of another inter'&A" fre2uency shall be performed if any of
the conditions below 0to be evaluated in the order shown1 is satisfied$
91 "he *Gnon'servingGNNN of one or more cells of a higher priority inter'&A"
fre2uency is greater than "!&.*!GNNNGhigh during a time interval
"GreselectionY in that case, the mobile station shall consider the cells for
reselection in decreasing order of priority and, for cells of the same inter'
&A" fre2uency, in decreasing order of *Gnon'servingGNNN, and reselect the
first cell that satisfies the conditions aboveY
:1 "he value of *G*) is lower than "!&.*!G*)Glow for the serving cell
and all measured *) cells during a time interval "GreselectionY in this
case, the mobile station shall consider for reselection the inter'&A" cells in
the following order, and reselect the first one that satisfies the following
criteria$
:a1 cells of a lower priority inter'&A" fre2uency whose *Gnon'servingGNNN
is greater than "!&.*!GNNNGlow during a time interval "GreselectionY
these cells shall be considered in decreasing order of priority and, for cells of
the same &A", in decreasing order of *Gnon'servingGNNNY
:b1 if no cells satisfy the criterion above, inter'&A" cells for which, during a
time interval "Greselection, *Gnon'servingGNNN is higher than *G*) for
the serving cell by at least a specific hysteresis !G8&IOY these cells shall be
considered in decreasing order of *Gnon'servingGNNN.
A 3"&AN F%% cell shall only be reselected if, in addition to the criteria above, its
measured .c7No value is e2ual to or greater than F%%GCmin E F%%GCminGOffset.
P;"* =>.BBA 0?.?.?1Q
Cell reselection to a cell of another radio access technology 0e.g. 3"&AN or .'
3"&AN1 shall not occur within > seconds after the )* has reselected a *) cell
from an inter'&A" cell if a suitable *) cell can be found.
If the mobile station applies common priorities and priority information for the serving
cell is missing, the mobile station shall consider any *) cell 0including the serving
cell1 to have lowest priority 0i.e. lower than the eight network configured values1.
If the mobile station applies individual priorities received through dedicated signaling
and priority information is available only for some inter'&A" fre2uencies, cells
belonging to fre2uencies for which no individual priority is available or no threshold is
provided by the serving cell shall not be considered for measurement and for cell re'
selection.
Note that in the ne#t two sections the case 91 and then case :a1 and case :b1 are
shown in greater detail\
A
' :9A '
Room for )o'r Note

to be defined.
A
' :9H '
A*#*0*0 Cell Reele+tion from GERAN toward (ig(er 5rioritiLed
IRAT 2reK'en+)
"he obJective of this section is to describe how the various parameters
broadcast in *I':2uater influence the reselection from *)7&8* towards
.'3"&AN and 3"&AN cells of higher priority than :Ds priorityDs. !ere we
show the I&A" reselection +ae !C stated in previous section\
9. "he parameter D"!&.*!GpriorityGsearchD is the threshold for the *)
serving cell that controls measurement on inter'&A" cells or fre2uencies of
lower priority and is based on absolute &N-./ values in d,m. Once the
&N.-/ of the serving cell falls below this threshold the 3. is forced to
search and measure lower prioritiKed I&A" neighbors.
:. "he 3. must always search and measure higher prioritiKed I&A"
neighbors if configured via *I':2uater.
Image 7e+ri5tion
.vent'9$ "he signal strength of a higher prioritiKed I&A" neighbor 0e.g. 3"&AN or .'
3"&AN1 e#ceeds the "!&.*!GNNNGhigh. From this moment on the 3. starts the
"reselection timer. "reselection timer delays the reselection for minimum of >sec
this adds some hysteresis and avoids ping'pong reselections.
A
' ::B '
.vent':$ "he signal strength of the higher prioritiKed I&A" neighbor is above
threshold S"&.*!GNNNGhighT for at least "reselection time. "his means the
condition for reselection towards that higher prioritiKed I&A" neighbor is fulfilled and
the 3. shall re'select that I&A" neighbor now.
.vent';$ "he signal strength of the higher prioritiKed I&A" neighbor drops below
"!&.*!GNNNGlow. "his means that the I&A" neighbor is not longer a preferred
candidate for reselection. "he )* would only reselect towards such a weak I&A"'
neighbor in case the C9'value of *) falls additional below "&.*!G*)Glow
which means that *)'overage is pretty bad.
R<LEGJACCESSJ8IN, )inimum received signal level at the )*, re2uired for
access to the *) systemY range$ B E ?; 0relative applied to '99B d,m1
THRESHJGS8Jlow, A threshold below which the )* is allowed to reselect to lower
priority layersY range$ B W B d,, 9 W : d,, : W = d,, I, 9; W :? d,, 9= W :A d,,
9> W DinfiniteD 0always1.
THRESHJ5riorit)Jear+(, A threshold for the serving cell that controls
measurement of inter'&A" cells or fre2uencies of lower priority when the priority'
based cell reselection algorithm is usedY range$ B W 'HA d,m, 9 W 'H> d,m,
: W 'H: d,m, I, 9; W '>H d,m, 9= W '>? d,m, 9> W DinfiniteD 0always1.
GERANJ3RIORITM, 8riority of *) cells, range$ B W lowest priority, I,
@ W highest priority.
;TRANJER<LEG8IN, )inimum re2uired &N level for cells on the target 3"&AN
fre2uency 0d,m1, range$ B W '99H d,m, 9 W '99@ d,m, : W '99> d,m, I,
;B W '>H d,m, ;9 W '>@ d,m.
%efault value W '99H d,m.
THRESHJ;TRANJ277J(ig(6 THRESHJ;TRANJ277Jlow, &eselection
thresholds towards 3"&AN F%% cells, range$ B W B d,, 9 W : d,, : W = d,, ; W ? d,,
I,
;B W ?B d,, ;9 W ?: d,.
%efault of "!&.*!G3"&ANGF%%Glow W value of "!&.*!G3"&ANGF%%Ghigh.
;TRANJ3RIORITM, 8riority of a 3"&AN fre2uency layer, B W lowest priority, I,
E-;TRANJER<LEG8IN, )inimum re2uired &N level for cells on the target .'
3"&AN fre2uency 0d,m1, range$ B W '9=B d,m, 9 W '9;A d,m, : W '9;? d,m, I,
;B W 'AB d,m, ;9 W '@A d,m.
%efault value W '9=B d,m.
THRESHJE-;TRANJ(ig(6 THRESHJE-;TRANJlow, &eselection thresholds
towards .'3"&AN F%% or "%% cells, range$ B W B d,, 9 W : d,, : W = d,, ; W ? d,,
I, ;B W ?B d,, ;9 W ?: d,.
%efault value of "!&.*!G.'3"&ANGlow W value of "!&.*!G. 3"&ANGhigh.
E-;TRANJ3RIORITM, 8riority of a .'3"&AN fre2uency layer, B W lowest priority, I,
P;"* =>.BBA 0H1Q
to be defined.
A
' ::9 '
A*#*0*A Cell Reele+tion from GERAN toward lower 5rioritiLed
IRAT 2reK'en+)
"he obJective of this section is to show the I&A" reselection case :a1 and
case :b1 towards lower prioritiKed neighbors of e.g. 3"&AN or .'3"&AN.
9. "he )* must follow an order in its I&A" reselection based on signal
strength of the I&A"'neighborDs when the coverage resp. C9 value of *)
serving and neighbor cells is below the threshold "!&.*!G*)Glow. At
first the I&A"'neighbors whose *'criteria *0non'servingGNNN1 is above
threshold "!&.*!GNNNGlow will be considered for reselection V case :a1.
:. If no suitable I&A"'neighbor is available 0as their *0r#lev1'value is below
"!&.*!GNNNGlow and the coverage of *) is still below threshold
"!&.*!G*)G-ow, then the )* should reselect the better cell when the
neighbor cell is stronger by a hysteresis value of !G8&IO for "reselection
time. V case :b1
Image 7e+ri5tion
.vent'9$ "he *) coverage drops below critical threshold defined by
"!&.*!G*)G-ow but no suitable strong I&A" neighbor is available.
A
' ::: '
.vent'=$ I&A" &eselection case :b1 is shown here. "he *) coverage is bad and
below threshold "!&.*!G*)G-ow and at the same time no I&A"'neighbor has a
signal strength which is above threshold "!&.*GNNNGhigh. ,ut for a period of time
"reselection the I&A"'neighborDs *0non'*ervingCell,#1 e#ceeds *0*),serv1 by
hysteresis value !G8&IO.
.vent':$ !ere the signal of the lower prioritiKed I&A" neighbor cell D#D takes a
different trend. "he *0r#lev1 of the lower prioritiKed I&A" neighbor e#ceeds threshold
"&.*!GNNNGlow.
.vent';$ I&A" &eselection case :a1 is shown. "he *) coverage e#pressed by
*G*) 0W C9'value1 is below threshold "!&.*!G*)Glow but the *0r#lev1 of an
I&A" neighbor cell is above minimum re2uired signal strength e#pressed by
threshold "!&.*!GNNNGlow for "reselection time.
"he 3. shall reselect in either case :a1 or in case :b1 the I&A" neighbor D#D.
HJ3RIO, !ysteresis used in the priority reselection algorithm, range$
B W infinite 0rule disabled1, 9 W > d,, : W = d,, ; W ; d,.
TJreele+tion, "ime hysteresis in the reselection algorithm, range$
B W > sec, 9 W 9B sec, : W 9> sec, ; W :B sec.
Eear+(JCJE-;TRANJInitial, Indicates the Csearch value to be used in
dedicated 7 dual transfer mode before CsearchGCG.'3"&AN is received,
*earch for .'3"&AN cells if signal level below threshold 0B'@1$
' HA, ' H=, I , ' @= d,m, infinite 0always1
or above threshold 0A'9>1$ ' @A, ' @=, I , ' >= d,m, infinite 0never1
P;"* =>.BBA 0H1Q
to be defined.
A
' ::; '

A
' ::= '
C(a5ter $,
Lower La)er of t(e ;'-Interfa+e, 8AC6 RLC 9 37C3
Ob=e+tive
@(at are ta> and f'n+tion of 8AC6 RLC and 37C3?
@(i+( format do 8AC- RLC- and 37C3-37;F 'e?
How doe random a++e 5ro+ed're loo> li>e in LTE 8AC?
How are 8AC6 RLC6 and 3C73 +onfig'red?
How i a TC3/I3 frame traveling tro'g( t(e L0 5roto+ol ta+>?
Lower La&ers of the '"-(nterfa!e# $AC) RLC % PDCP
$
' ::> '
$*! 2eat're of 8AC
$*!*! Overview
"he obJective of this section is to introduce the key features of the medium
access control layer.
5ey point of this section is that for the )AC the chance has been taken to
tune many concepts such that they fit to 8* services from the start.
$*!*!*! 7ata tranfer logi+al +(annel OP tran5ort +(annel
"his function is similar to !*8A. "he big difference it that two ",Os per 3. can be
transferred at the same time.
$
' ::? '
$*!*!*0 Radio reo'r+e allo+ation
For the radio resource allocation there is a very significant change for the &AC!.
!ere there is not the possibility to map user plane data on the &AC!.
For !A&C the basic concepts of !*8A are retained E however the !A&C is a lot
faster then in !*8A. Also the parameters and implementation details will differ.
For the priority concept a 2uite similar approach than in !*8A will be taken.
!owever detains are not specified yet.
$*!*!*A S5e+ial 5ro+ed're
*pecial procedures like timing advance and %&N are also handled by. "he %&N
procedure works with two %&N cycles. Once the 3. does not get any scheduling for
a certain time the short %&N cycle is applied and once it is not getting any
scheduling for another certain time a long %&N cycle is applied. )AC is able force
the 3. into %&N at any time 0once configured1.
P;"& :>.A9; 0>.;.91, ;"* ;?.;BB 0?.91, ;"* ;?.;:9 0=.=1Q
Room for )o'r Note

3GTR 3rd Generation Technica! %eort MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro!
Seci3ication
PS /acket S.itched
DR& 7i$continuou$ %ecetion !"S Aua!ity o3 Ser#ice
HAR! 9y,rid A%A RACH %andom Acce$$ 'hanne!
o3 9S7/A and 9S*/A)
TB Tran$ort 6!ock
$
' ::@ '
$*!*0 Radio Networ> Tem5orar) Identifier BRNTIFC in E-;TRAN
$*!*0*! ;age of RNTIF
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the usage of the different &N"IDs
in .'3"&AN.
5ey point of this section is that besides the normal scheduling the &N"IDs
also facilitate )AC and physical layer control procedures.
$
' ::A '
Room for )o'r Note,

Identi3ier
PUCCH /hy$ica! *!ink 'ontro! 'hanne!
CCCH 'ommon 'ontro! 'hanne! PUSCH /hy$ica! *!ink Shared 'hanne!
DCCH 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne! RA-RNTI %andom Acce$$ %adio -et.ork
Temorary Identi3ier
DL 7o.n!ink RNTI %adio -et.ork Temorary Identi3ier
DL-SCH 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! SI-RNTI Sy$tem In3ormation %adio -et.ork
Temorary Identi3ier
DTCH 7edicated Tra33ic 'hanne! TPC Tran$mit /o.er 'ommand
TPC-
PUCCH-
RNTI
Tran$mit /o.er 'ontro! /hy$ica!
*!ing 'ontro! '9anne! %adio
-et.ork Temorary Identi3ier
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! TPC-
PUSCH-
RNTI
*!ing Shared '9anne! %adio
P-RNTI /aging %adio -et.ork Temorary
Identi3ier
T& Tran$mit
PCCH /aging 'ontro! 'hanne! UL *!ink
PCH /aging 'hanne! UL-SCH *!ink Shared 'hanne!
PDCCH /hy$ica! 7o.n!ink 'ontro! 'hanne! UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
$
' ::H '
$*!*0*! RNTI Gal'e
"he obJective of this section is to show what &N"I can assume what values.
5ey point of this section is that some &N"IDs are preconfigured by the
standard and some others are configured by *I,:.
$
' :;B '
Room for )o'r Note,

Identi3ier
SI-RNTI Sy$tem In3ormation %adio -et.ork
Temorary Identi3ier
P-RNTI /aging %adio -et.ork Temorary
Identi3ier
RA-RNTI %andom Acce$$ %adio -et.ork
Temorary Identi3ier
TPC-
PUCCH-
RNTI
*!ing 'ontro! '9anne! %adio
RNTI %adio -et.ork Temorary Identi3ier TPC-
PUSCH-
RNTI
*!ing Shared '9anne! %adio
$
' :;9 '
$*!*A 8AC Random A++e 3ro+ed're
$*!*A*! Contention Daed Random A++e 3ro+ed're
"he obJective of this section is to show the contention based random access
procedure from the )AC perspective.
5ey point of this section is that the contention based random access
procedure can be used for all purposes$ Initial access, handover, &&C
connection reestablishment and initiation of transmission of data in
&&CGCONN.C".% .
$
' :;: '
Image de+ri5tion
"his picture is visualiKing the contention based random access procedure. In
case the treatment is different in the different access cases the colors are
different from black.
Room for )o'r Note

AS Acce$$ Stratum (*+TS) RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
Identi3ier
RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
DL 7o.n!ink TA Timing Ad#ance
DL-SCH 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! T& Tran$mit
ID Identity UL *!ink
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! UL-SCH *!ink Shared 'hanne!
Temorary Identi3ier
$
' :;; '
!ere collisions are possible because the 3. decides when and how e#actly a
random access is initiated. "hen it is possible that two 3.Os transmit the same
preamble at the same time. "he chosen preamble is 9 out of ?= preambles and is
thus encoding ? bits. "he cluster of the chosen preamble signals the length of the
following scheduled transmission in the 3-. As well the 3. might chose from
different &AC! resources on different &,Ds and different subframes within a radio
frame.
; ms after the final subframe of a 8&AC! preamble 0keep in mind that a 8&AC!
preamble might take more than 9 ms\1 the &andom Access &esponse +indow
begins. In this window the eN, might transmit its random access response. It is :, ;,
..., A, 9B ms long. "he &A'&N"I gives information about the referred subframe for
the 8&AC! preamble, and the used &,Ds of the 8&AC! preamble. Inside the
random access response there is an identifier for the referred 8&AC! preamble, the
adJusted "A, an 3-'grant and a temporary C'&N"I. "his C'&N"I becomes
permanent once the procedure is succeeding for the case of initial access.
As for all 3- scheduling the scheduled "N has to happen = ms after the scheduling
indication 0here random access response1 has started. In case of the initial access
the 3. will include its NA*'3. I% in the &&C connection establishment re2uest
message. "his can be only an *'"I)*I or an = bit random number ' an I)*I cannot
be transmitted here. Other scenarios include a C'&N"I either in the )AC'8%3 or in
the &&C messages. Once a C'&N"I is given by the 3. this will replace the
temporary C'&N"I issued in the random access response.
After the scheduled "N the 3. will wait for a some time 0A, 9?, I, ?= ms1 for the
contention resolution response. Once two 3.Ds have sent their scheduled "N it has
to be decided which one E if any E is prevailing. Contention resolution is performed
regardless whether connectivity to the core has been achieved before or not.
Contention resolution can be achieved in two ways$ .ither the C'&N"I 0coming from
the 3.1 is used to schedule the %- transmission or the )AC'8%3 is containing the
NA*'3. I%.
Once the 3. has not received a contention resolution in the given time it will
reattempt another random access procedure.
Once the 3. is &&C connected and assumed not to be synchroniKed any more
0e.g. timer e#pires1 a random access procedure has to be performed before data
is transmitted. "his is as well the case once the scheduling re2uest procedure is
failing or not configured.
P;"* ;?.;BB 09B.9.>1, ;"* ;?.;:9 0>.91Q
$
' :;= '
Room for )o'r Note

Seci3ication
Temorary Identi3ier
AS Acce$$ Stratum (*+TS) RB %e$ource 6!ock
Identi3ier
DL 7o.n!ink RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
DL-SCH 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! S-TMSI SAE Temorary +o,i!e Su,$cri,er
Identity
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 TA Timing Ad#ance
ID Identity T& Tran$mit
Identity
UE *$er E4uiment
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum UL-SCH *!ink Shared 'hanne!
$
' :;> '
$*!*A*0 Non-+ontention baed random a++e 5ro+ed're
"he obJective of this section is to show the contention free random access
procedure from the )AC perspective.
5ey point of this section is that the contention free random access procedure
can be used only for network trigged purposes$ handover and initiation of
transmission of %- data in &&CGCONN.C".%.
Image de+ri5tion
"his picture is visualiKing the contention free random access procedure. In case
the treatment is different in the different access cases the colors are different
from black.
$
' :;? '
"he difference to the contention based random access procedure is that the 3. gets
assigned a specific random access preamble and a random access resource 0&,Ds
and subframes in a radio frame1 0e.g. during handover, etc.1. "hen the 3. will use
the preamble assigned and will get an 3- grant related to its service directly together
with its "A. !ere, of course, a contention resolution is not necessary. "he 3. will
have a C'&N"I already.
"he difference in timing in'between 8%CC! orders and &&C connection
reconfigurations is that a reconfiguration has a the timer ";B= giving the
procedure >B,9BB, 9>B, :BB, >BB, 9BBB, :BBB ms time to succeed with with
possible multiple tries. "he 8%CC! order allocates only one attempt and has no
timer attached.
P;"* ;?.;BB 09B.9.>1, ;"* ;?.;:9 0>.91Q
Room for )o'r Note

Seci3ication
RB %e$ource 6!ock
Identi3ier
DL 7o.n!ink RRC(CO
NNECTE
D
%%' $tate in E=*T%A
DL-SCH 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! TA Timing Ad#ance
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 T& Tran$mit
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! UE *$er E4uiment
PDCCH
/hy$ica! 7o.n!ink 'ontro! 'hanne!
UL *!ink
Temorary Identi3ier
UL-SCH *!ink Shared 'hanne!
$
' :;@ '
$*!*$ Str'+t're of 8AC-37;
"he obJective of this section is to provide the structure of the )AC 8%3.
5ey point of this section is that the -". )AC 8%3 does usually only contain
9 *%3 per logical channel.
Image de+ri5tion
"his picture is visualiKing the structure of the header and the se2uence of *%3Os
in the )AC 8%3.
"he non'transparent )AC 8%3 is transmitting with its *%3Os one or several &-C'
8%3Os at a time. 3nlike in 3)"* standards 0prior to &@1 the siKe of the &-C 8%3 is
fle#ible such that it can fit the siKe of the )AC 8%3 it is mapped to. *ince both )AC
and &-C are located in the eN,,
$
' :;A '
the )AC knows the siKe of the ", it can transmit 0transmission opportunity1. In case
there are more than one logical channel active for the corresponding user, the )AC
has to multiple# the different logical channels on the ",. )ost likely it could e.g. map
the highest priority logical channelOs *%3 on the ",. For this it will ask for an *%3
with fitting siKe such that no or only minimum padding is necessary. In case the &-C
cannot fill the ", fully the )AC will add the ne#t lower priority logical channel on the
", and so forth until the ", is full.
"he structure of the )AC 8%3 and its header are accomplishing this function. First
the )AC header is structured in sub headers in order to indicate several )AC
*%3Os. *ince )AC in -". is also fulfilling control functions there are two sub'header
formats and *%3 structures$
$*!*$*! 8AC +ontrol element
*ome -CI%Os are reserved for control elements and 9 -CI% is indicating padding.
"he )AC control elements are e#plained in the ne#t section. None and more then 9
)AC Control field are also possible.
$*!*$*0 Normal Bnon-tran5arentC 8AC S7;
In order to do transport normal )AC 8%3Os the )AC sub header has triplets of
information elements$
9. "here are two reserved bits.
:. "he . 0.nd1 field which is indicating the end of the )AC header 091 or more
triplets following 0B1.
;. "he -CI% 0-ogical Channel I%1 which is indicating the logical channel used in a
similar fashion than the C7" field in 3)"* 0= bits1.
Once there is no padding the last normal )AC *%3 will not generate the
following two header fields$
=. "he F field is indicating the length of the following length field 0@ or 9> bit1
>. "he - 0-ength1 field indicating the length of the corresponding *%3. F and -
field are very close to &-C 8%3 in 3)"*.
8adding will only be used if no further *%3 can be filled in or if no more &-C data is
ready to be transmitted and there is still space in the ",. In order to avoid
unnecessary e#tensive padding )AC may reduce the ", siKe in order to reduce
interference in the network.
$*!*$*A Tran5arent 8AC S7;
For the ,CC! and the 8CC! there is also a transparent )AC 8%3 defined.
P;"* ;?.;:9 0?1Q
Seci3ication
LCID 2ogica! 'hanne! I7 SDU Ser#ice 7ata *nit (the ay!oad o3 a
/7*)
LTE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS) TB Tran$ort 6!ock
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! UMTS *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication
Sy$tem
*nit
eNB Enhanced -ode 6
$
' :;H '
$*!*: 8AC Control Element
"he obJective of this section is to provide different kinds of )AC control
elements.
5ey point of this section is functions like &AC! response, buffer status report
and timing advance are dealt with in )AC control elements.
Image de+ri5tion
"hese two tables are showing the )AC control elements in 3- and %-.
8art of the -CI%Os are reserved for )AC control elements which are serving physical
layer or )AC functions. "he length of some )AC control elements is still under
discussion but the purpose is 2uite clear. 8lease keep in mid that some -CI%Os are
to be reserved for yet unknown )AC control elements.
$
' :=B '
$*!*:*! Contention reol'tion I7
"his is the response of the &andom Access ,urst sent by the 3.. It contains the
NA* I% of the 3..
$*!*:*0 Timing Advan+e
"his )AC control element is used for timing advance updates.
$*!*:*A 7R<
+ith this )AC control element the %&N is configured similar like in the !*'%*C!
orders in 3)"* &@. *ince only %&N is to be commanded here this )AC control
element contains no data. bust a header field is used here. Once the %&N field is
present the 3. goes to %&N unconditionally 0%&N needs to be configured1.
$*!*:*$ 3adding
8adding is no )AC control element but is also indicated with a special -CI% value.
$*!*:*: 3ower (eadroom re5ort
"his is the margin the transmission power can still be increased until the ma#imum
transmission power of the 3. is reached.
$*!*:*# C-RNTI
"his is the temporary C&N"I during the contention based random access procedure.
$*!*:*" S(ort6 long and tr'n+ated b'ffer tat' re5ort
!ere the 3. can report the occupancy of its 3- buffer. "here are two formats long
and short buffer reports. +ith the long buffer report multiple logical channel groupOs
buffer status is reported.
P;"* ;?.;:9 0?1Q
Seci3ication
DL 7o.n!ink RACH %andom Acce$$ 'hanne!
DR& 7i$continuou$ %ecetion UE *$er E4uiment
HS-DSCH 9igh Seed 7o.n!ink Shared
Tran$ort 'hanne! (3GTS 2<.211>
2<.212> 2<.301)
UL *!ink
ID Identity UL-SCH *!ink Shared 'hanne!
LCID 2ogica! 'hanne! I7 UMTS *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication
Sy$tem
$
' :=9 '
$*!*# 3ra+ti+al E4er+ie, 8AC O5eration
"he obJective of this section is to repeat the )AC operation in detail using
the &&C Connection .stablishment 8rocedure.
$
' :=: '
Cuestion No :9$ "he picture shows the &&C Connection .stablishment
8rocedure on )AC level. 8lease fill out the blanks.
"he first line of an arrow contains the name of the -ogical 0"ransport or 8hysical1
channel. "hen in case of a logical channel the &,. "hen in brackets the message
or indication.
"he second line contains the time in ms. In case there is a time span possible
take the shortest possible time. Assume that a -; reaction cannot be faster than a
-9 reaction 0= ms1.
"he third and fourth line contain the content of the message or )AC 8%3.
Abbreviation of t(i Se+tion, SRD
ACK Ackno.!edgement PDCCH /hy$ica! 7o.n!ink 'ontro! 'hanne!
Identi3ier
*nit
CCCH 'ommon 'ontro! 'hanne! PHICH /hy$ica! 9A%A Ackno.!edgement
Indicator 'hanne!
DCCH 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne! PLMN /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e -et.ork
DL-SCH 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! PRACH /hy$ica! %andom Acce$$ 'hanne!
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 RA-RNTI %andom Acce$$ %adio -et.ork
Temorary Identi3ier
ID Identity RB %adio 6earer
L1 2ayer 1 (hy$ica! !ayer) RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
L3 2ayer 3 (net.ork !ayer) SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! TA Timing Ad#ance
MMEI ++E Identity UE *$er E4uiment
NAS -on=Acce$$=Stratum UL-SCH *!ink Shared 'hanne!
$
' :=; '
$*!*" 3ra+ti+al E4er+ie, 7L 8AC 37; Contr'+tion
"he obJective of this section is to repeat the structure of the )AC 8%3.
Cuestion No ::$ In the above picture a %- )AC 8%3 needs to be constructed.
8lease fill in the bits of the )AC header, count the bytes used and name the
logical channel being transmitted. %o not forget the )AC control elements. In the
payload section please enter the number of bytes for what logical channel being
transmitted. ,elow you find how the &,Ds that are configured and what data 7
information is waiting for transmission. )ark which fields are not used 0header
and payload1.
-C! -CI% ,it to "N 3se
%CC! 9 9 :BB *&,9
%CC! : : B *&,:
%"C! 9 ; B %efault .8* ,earer for I)*
%"C! : = ;:B %edicated .8* ,earer for /oI)*
%"C! ; > B %efault .8* ,earer for Internet
%"C! = ? =9? %edicated .8* ,earer for Internet
%"C! > @ 9BBBB %efault .8* ,earer for email
"he eN, would like to transmit a "A update to the 3..
"he eN, is congested and has decided to put the 3. in %&N.
"he eN, has a transmission opportunity of for a 9BBB bit ",.
$
' :== '
Room for )o'r Note,

Abbreviation of t(i Se+tion, SRD
DCCH 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne! MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro!
DL 7o.n!ink PDU /rotoco! 7ata *nit or /acket 7ata
*nit
DR& 7i$continuou$ %ecetion RB %adio 6earer
DTCH 7edicated Tra33ic 'hanne! SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 TA Timing Ad#ance
EPS E#o!#ed /acket S.itched T& Tran$mit
on.ard$)
UE *$er E4uiment
LCH 2ogica! '9anne! V"IMS @oice o#er I+S
LCID 2ogica! 'hanne! I7
$
' :=> '
$*!*I 8AC Config'ration
$*!*I*! 8AC Config'ration in t(e Standard
the )AC configuration.
5ey point of this section is that the default config. saves message space.
$
' :=? '
Room for )o'r Note,

BSR 6u33er Statu$ %eort MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro!
DL 7o.n!ink PHR /o.er 9eadroom %eort
DR& 7i$continuou$ %ecetion TTI Tran$mi$$ion Time Inter#a!
HAR!
9y,rid A%A
T& Tran$mit
IE In3ormation E!ement UL-SCH *!ink Shared 'hanne!
$
' :=@ '
$*0 2eat're of RLC
$*0*! Overview
"he obJective of this section is to introduce the key features of the radio link
control layer.
5ey point of this section is the &-C stays intact to the most part once it is
compared to !*8A operation.
$*0*!*! 7ata tranfer
At the first glance the &-C is only not altered very significantly. !owever that the
second glace it could be noticed that for &-C the ciphering is missing and that
compared the !*8A -". can provide ") data transmission again. Another special
point is the duplicate deletion in case of a handover. %uring the handover the
received buffer is e#changed in'between source and target eN, 0A) only1. In !*8A
duplicates for the 3- are deleted in )AC'es whereas the duplicates are deleted as
well in the &-C for the legacy 3)"* traffic. "he variable &-C 8%3 siKe has to be
mentioned here again.
$*0*!*0 Error dete+tion and re+over)
"here is nothing to be added to what is stated in the picture.
$
' :=A '
$*0*!*A Reet
"here is nothing to be added to what is stated in the picture.
P;"& :>.A9; 0>.;.:1, ;"* ;?.;BB 0?.:1, ;"* ;?.;:: 0=.=1Q
Room for )o'r Note

3GTR 3rd Generation Technica! %eort PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco!
Seci3ication
AM Ackno.!edged +ode oeration TM Tran$arent +ode oeration
AR! Automatic %eeat %e4ue$t UL *!ink
o3 9S7/A and 9S*/A)
UM *nackno.!edged +ode oeration
Sy$tem
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! eNB Enhanced -ode 6
MAC-es +A'=E=7'9 S%-' (3GTS 2<.321)
$
' :=H '
$*0*0 Str'+t're of RLC 37;
"he obJective of this section is to provide the structure of the &-C 8%3.
5ey points of this section are that the -". &-C 8%3 can contain segmented
8%C8 8%3Os and that the &-C 8%3 siKe fits to the individual ", siKe to be
transmitted.
Image de+ri5tion
in the &-C 8%3.
-ike in 3)"* there are ; transmission modes for the &-C$ "), 3), and A). For the
") the structure of the &-C 8%3 is simple$ It is transparent for the 8%C8 data.
For the 3) and A) mode there is a header and one or more 8%C8 8%3Os being the
&-C *%3Os. Note here that the 8%C8 8%3Os can be segmented in the &-C.
Optionally, like in 3)"* for A) only, a *tatus 8%3 cannot be at the end of the &-C
8%3.
$
' :>B '
"he header comprises the following information elements$
9. "he %7C field is a reserved bit in 3). In A) it is indicating the presence of a
&-C control 8%3 0status report1. A status report must not be piggy backed
at the end of the &-C 8%3.
:. "he &F field is a reserved bit in 3). In A) it is indicating the presence of
re'segmentation. "his occurs once an already segmented 8%C8 8%3 is in
need to be retransmitted and further segmented.
;. "he polling flag is a reserved bit in 3). In A) it is encouraging the &-C of
the receiver side to sent status 8%3Os.
=. In case of a > bit *N version 3) 8%3 the first ; fields are missing.
>. "he FI filed e#ists in both A) and 3). It is indicating the presence of 8%C8
8%3 segment in the &-C 8%3. In case of the presence of segments and
A) the header is e#tended by two bytes as described in the ne#t section.
?. "he *N 0*e2uence Number1 which is indicating the &-C se2uence number
of the &-C 8%3. "he length of this field can be the same in A) and 3).
!owever there is also an 3) mode with 9 byte header and > bit *N filed
and no reserved bits.
@. An . field 0.#tension1 which is indicating with 0B1 that data is following and
with 091 that an e#tension of -I 0-ength Indicator1 and another . filed is
following.
A. "he -I field 0-ength Indicator1 of yet unknown length is indicating the length
of the 8%C8 8%3. 8lease note since there is also a length indication in the
)AC 8%3 one -I field in the &-C 8%3 is redundant.
H. 8adding in the header is necessary since the . and -I field to not fill two
bytes. In case of an even number of &-C *%3Os = bit padding is needed to
fill up the &-C header to the byte boundary.
P;"* ;?.;:: 0?1Q
Seci3ication
RF %adio &re4uency
AM Ackno.!edged +ode oeration RLC %adio 2ink 'ontro!
FI &raming In3o SDU Ser#ice 7ata *nit (the ay!oad o3 a
/7*)
LI 2ength Indicator SN Se4uence -um,er
LTE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS) TB Tran$ort 6!ock
MAC +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! TM Tran$arent +ode oeration
$
' :>9 '
$*0*A Str'+t're of RLC A8 wit( 37C3 37; Segment
"he obJective of this section is to provide the structure of the &-C A) 8%3
with a segment header.
5ey point of this section is that only in case of 8%3 segments in the first &-C
*%3 the header is e#tended for carrying the additional information about
&-C 8%3 segments.
Image de+ri5tion
"his picture is visualiKing the structure of the header and *%3 in the &-C A)
8%3 segment 8%3.
In case the first &-C *%3 is a segment the &-C A) 8%3 is containing two
additional header information elements$
9. "he -*F 0-ast *egment Flag1 is set once the 8%C8 8%3 segment is the
last segment of the 8%C8 8%3.
:. "he *O 0*egment Offset1 is determining the offset in the 8%C8 8%3
segment inside the 8%C8 8%3.
P;"* ;?.;:: 0?1Q
Room for )o'r Note

$
' :>: '
Room for )o'r Note

Seci3ication
*nit
AM Ackno.!edged +ode oeration RLC %adio 2ink 'ontro!
AR! Automatic %eeat %e4ue$t SN Se4uence -um,er
LSF 2a$t Segment &!ag SDU Ser#ice 7ata *nit (the ay!oad o3 a
/7*)
LTE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS) SO Segment ?33$et
$
' :>; '
$*0*$ RLC Config'ration
$*0*$*! RLC Config'ration in t(e Standard
the &-C configuration.
5ey point of this section is that the default config. saves message space.
$
' :>= '
Room for )o'r Note,

AM Ackno.!edged +ode oeration SN Se4uence -um,er
DL 7o.n!ink SRB Signa!ing %adio 6earer
IE In3ormation E!ement UL *!ink
*nit
$
' :>> '
$*A 2eat're of 37C3
$*A*! Overview
"he obJective of this section is to introduce the key features of the packet
data convergence protocol.
5ey point of this section is that encryption and 8%C8 for the control plane are
the functions which have been added to the 8%C8 compared to 3)"*.
$*A*!*! RoHC
%ependent on the used packet data protocol different schemes will be deployed.
$*A*!*0 N'mbering of 37C3 37;Q
"he numbering of the 8%C8 8%3Os is very important because during the handover it
is the 8%C8 which will forward the data in the buffer to the target eN,.
$*A*!*A In-eK'en+e deliver) of 37;Q
Once the data is forwarded during handover it can happen that data is coming in
already in the target eN, and there might still come some data in form the source
eN,. "he data is then not in se2uence and there might be some duplicates in the
buffer of the 8%C8.
$*A*!*$ 7'5li+ate deletion
*ee above.
$
' :>? '
$*A*!*: En+r)5tion
"he encryption algorithms have been located in the )AC and in the &-C for 3)"*
and !*8A operation. In -". they are transferred to the 8%C8. "his is due to the fact
that every eN, is e2uipped with its own keys and that the 8%C8 has to combine the
packets coming in from the other eN,Os during handover.
$*A*!*# Integrit) 3rote+tion
"his is a feature only valid for the control plane in 3"&A this was in the &&C layer.
"his involves to calculate the )AC according the same principle but possibly with a
different algorithm.
P;"& :>.A9; 0>.;.;1, ;"* ;?.;BB 0?.;1, ;"* ;?.;:; 0=.=1Q
Room for )o'r Note

3GTR 3rd Generation Technica! %eort RLC %adio 2ink 'ontro!
Seci3ication
o3 9S7/A and 9S*/A)
R"HC %o,u$t 9eader 'omre$$ion
Sy$tem
MAC +e$$age Authentication 'ode UTRA *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco! eNB Enhanced -ode 6
*nit
$
' :>@ '
$*A*0 Str'+t're of 37C3 37;
"he obJective of this section is to provide the structure of the 8%C8 8%3.
5ey point of this section is that the -". 8%C8 8%3 can also carry control
plane information.
Image de+ri5tion
in the 8%C8 8%3.
In contrast to 3)"* the 8%C8 is also e#isting in the control plane. Conse2uently
also for control plane the 8%C8 8%3 has to be defined.
For both control plane and user plane the 8%C8 8%3 is e#hibiting a *N 0*e2uence
Number1 and an *%3 field.
For the user plane there can be optionally a &o!C 0&obust !eader Compression1
which is compressing the e.g. =B byte header to a :'; byte compressed header.
In order to control &o!C in the user plane, user plane 8%C8 8%3 contain a %7C
field indicating control or data.
For the control plane for integrity protection purposes the )AC field might be added
at the end. "he )AC field is calculated according to similar guidelines as the )AC in
3)"*.
P;"* ;?.;:; 0?1Q
$
' :>A '
Room for )o'r Note

Seci3ication
LTE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS) SDU Ser#ice 7ata *nit (the ay!oad o3 a
/7*)
MAC +e$$age Authentication 'ode SN Se4uence -um,er
PDCP /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco! UMTS *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication
Sy$tem
*nit
$
' :>H '
$*A*A 37C3 Config'ration
$*A*A*! 37C3 Config'ration in t(e Standard
the 8%C8 configuration.
5ey point of this section is there is no default configuration for 8%C8.
$
' :?B '
Room for )o'r Note,

AM Ackno.!edged +ode oeration R"HC %o,u$t 9eader 'omre$$ion
IE In3ormation E!ement SN Se4uence -um,er
$
' :?9 '
$*$ How a TC3/I3 8T; i rea+(ing t(e ;E / t(e Internet
"he obJective of this section is to show the stations and the transformations
of a "C87I8 )"3 in the -". network until it reaches the 3..
5ey point of this section is that with respect to the very high data rate for -".
and the protocol development from the scratch there are a few differences to
!*8A.
Image de+ri5tion
"he picture is showing the C%% case$ two transmission antennas are received by
one receive antenna. It is shown how the 3. can resolve the two signals.
$*$*! TC3/I3 la)er
A "C87I8 )"3 can have up to 9>BB byte including =B byte header.
$*$*0 37C3 la)er
In the 8%C8 first &o!C can be applied this would reduce =B byte "C87I8 header to
typically ; byte header. In the user plane 8%C8 needs : byte own header.
$*$*A RLC la)er
According to the transport block siKe the &-C can assume variable &-C 8%3 siKe.
.ither the ", is so small that the 8%C8 8%3 needs to be segmented or it is that big
that multiple 8%C8 8%3Os fir in. For the &-C header it can be configured to have 9
or : byte in 3).
$
' :?: '
For A) and 9 &-C *%3 the header siKe is : byte in case of no segmentation and =
byte in case of segmentation. For &-C A) each additional &-C *%3 will add 9.>
byte header. In case a byte header is not filled completely = bit header padding has
to be added. Fle#ible &-C 8%3Os and multiple &-C *%3Os are new to -". and are
not used in 3)"* &-C until. &@
$*$*$ 8AC la)er
In case the )AC is transporting only 9 )AC *%3 the header length will be 9 byte
only in case more )AC *%3Os are transmitted the header will increase by :'; byte.
8lease also take into account that padding and )AC Control .lements will be
unavoidable. "he use of )AC control elements is new in -"..
$*$*: 3HM la)er
"he physical layer has to deal with very huge ",Os. ",Os of 9>BBBB bit cannot be
protected with a single C&C check any more. "his is why there is a own ; byte C&C
foreseen for every of the up to ?9== bit long Code ,lock *egments.
Room for )o'r Note

A+ Ackno.!edged +ode oeration /9I /hy$ica! 2ayer
'77 'yc!ic 7e!ay 7i#er$ity %2' %adio 2ink 'ontro!
'%' 'yc!ic %edundancy 'heck %o9' %o,u$t 9eader 'omre$$ion
9S/A 9igh Seed /acket Acce$$ (oeration
o3 9S7/A and 9S*/A)
S7* Ser#ice 7ata *nit (the ay!oad o3 a
/7*)
2TE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS) T6 Tran$ort 6!ock
+A' +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! T'/"I/ Tran$mi$$ion 'ontro! /rotoco! o#er I/
+T* +aximum Tran$mit *nit (I/) *E *$er E4uiment
/7'/ /acket 7ata 'on#ergence /rotoco! *+ *nackno.!edged +ode oeration
/7* /rotoco! 7ata *nit or /acket 7ata *nit *+TS *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication
Sy$tem
$
' :?; '

$
' :?= '
C(a5ter :,
<0- and S!-Interfa+e, <0A3- and S!-A3-3roto+ol
Ob=e+tive
@(at are t(e ta> and f'n+tion of S!-A3 and <0A3?
How are (andover 5ro+ed're 5erformed over t(e <0- and t(e S!-interfa+e?
*+- and S,-(nterfa!es# *+AP- and S,-AP-Proto!ols
:
' :?> '
:*! T(e <0A3 3roto+ol
:*!*! 3roto+ol Sta+> on t(e <0-interfa+e
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the protocol stack of the control
and user plane on the N:'interface.
"he N:'interface is an open interface which is not vendor'specific, because
otherwise only *9'based handover is possible.
"he illustrated N:A8'protocol is specific to the N:'interface and has been specified
in the recommendation ;"* ;?.=:;.
P;"* ;?.=::, ;"* ;?.=:=Q
:
' :?? '
Room for )o'r Note,

L2 2ayer 2 (data !ink !ayer)
eNB Enhanced -ode 6 SCTP Stream 'ontro! Tran$mi$$ion
/rotoco! (%&' 28)0)
28.0)0)
GTP-U GT/ *$er /!ane UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e
IP Internet /rotoco! (%&' 081) &2-AP E2=inter3ace A!ication /art rotoco!
(3GTS 3).(23)
L1 2ayer 1 (hy$ica! !ayer) &2AP E2=inter3ace A!ication /art rotoco!
(3GTS 3).(23)
:
' :?@ '
:*!*0 Ta> 9 2'n+tion
"he obJective of this section is to depict the tasks and functions of the N:A8'
protocol.
P;"* ;?.=:;Q
:*!*0*! 8obilit) 8anagement
:*!*0*0 Load 8anagement
:*!*0*A <0-Interfa+e 8anagement
:
' :?A '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
SN Sym,o! -um,er or S-7'/
SN Se4uence -um,er &2AP E2=inter3ace A!ication /art rotoco!
(3GTS 3).(23)
:
' :?H '
:*!*A <0-baed Handover S+enario
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the operation of an N:'based
handover scenario P;"* :;.=B9 0>.>.9.9.:1Q.
:*!*A*! Initial Condition
"he 3. has setup an &&C'connection with the eNode, and the eNode, has
setup an *9'connection towards an ))..
.'&A,Ds may be setup and are relayed by the eNode, towards the *'+.
"he RformerR eNode, determines at this time 0e.g. after receiving a measurement
report from the 3.1 that a handover to the RnewR eNode, is necessary. "he
RnewR eNode, has an N:'connection to the former eNode, and therefore, an N:'
based handover becomes possible.
Cuestion No :;$ 8lease fill In the missing interface names.
:
' :@B '
Room for )o'r Note,

GW Gate.ay RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
RAB %adio Acce$$ 6earer UE *$er E4uiment
:
' :@9 '
:*!*A*0 7etailed 7e+ri5tion
"o initiate the N:'based handover, the former eNode, will send an N:A8$
HN7JREE'message towards the new eNode,.
"he new eNode, will build the related handover command message 0which is
actually an &&C$ RRCJCONNJRECON2'message1 and will relay it to the former
eNode, embedded in an N:A8$ HN7JREEJAC&'message. "his message also
contains the "8'3 ".I% that the new eNode, opened so that the former
eNode, can relay still incoming %-'data to the new eNode,.
"he former eNode, will e#tract the &&C$ RRCJCONNJRECON2'message and
will transmit it to the 3..
"he 3. will react upon the received reconfiguration information and switch to the
new serving cell. "he 3. shall perform a random access procedure in the new
cell. Finally, the 3. shall transmit a handover confirmation message to the new
eNode, which is actually an &&C$ RRCJCONNJRECON2JC83'message.
All 3-'data is now received by the new eNode, but must be buffered because
the new eNode, does not yet possess the "8'3 ".I% for uplink data of the *'
+.
!aving received this confirmation from the 3., the new eNode, will ask the )).
for a switch of the downlink "8'3 tunnel from the *'+ to the new eNode,.
Accordingly, the new eNode, will send an *9'A8$ 3ATHJS@ITCHJREE'
message to the ))..
"he )). will send a "8$ ;37J;3JREE'message to the *'+ which most
importantly contains the new eNode,Ds "8'3 downlink ".I%.
"he *'+ will update its downlink "8'3 tunnel accordingly and will stop
transmitting data to the former eNode,. It will confirm the switch by sending a
"8$ ;37J;3JRS3'message to the )).. "he )). will confirm the path switch
by sending *9'A8$ 3ATHJS@ITCHJREEJAC&'message to the new eNode,.
Finally, the data link has been entirely switched to the new eNode, and
therefore, the new eNode, can instruct the former eNode, to release the
e#isting resources by sending an N:A8$ ;EJRESJREL'message. "his
procedure is a class :'procedure and is not responded by the former eNode,.
:
' :@: '
Room for )o'r Note,

DL 7o.n!ink S-GW Ser#ing Gate.ay (3GTS 23.(01)
28.0)0)
GTP-U GT/ *$er /!ane TEID Tunne! Endoint Identi3ier (GT/ "
3GTS 28.0)0)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
UL *!ink
RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro! &2AP E2=inter3ace A!ication /art rotoco!
(3GTS 3).(23)
:
' :@; '
:*0 T(e S!-A3 3roto+ol
:*0*! Overview 9 Introd'+tion
"he obJective of this section is to introduce the students into the most
important aspects of the *9'A8 protocol which is used between the )).
and the eNode,.
P;"* ;?.=9;Q
:
' :@= '
Room for )o'r Note,

E.)10 " E.)11)
RNSAP %adio -et.ork Su,$y$tem
A!ication /art (3GTS 2<.(23)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
NBAP -ode6 A!ication /art (3GTS
2<.(33)
UE *$er E4uiment
E.)81)
Sy$tem
:
' :@> '
:*0*0 S!-baed Handover S+enario
"he obJective of this section is to illustrate the operation of an *9'based
handover scenario P;"* :;.=B9 0>.>.9.:1Q.
:*0*0*! Initial Condition
"he 3. has setup an &&C'connection with the eNode, and the eNode, has
setup an *9'connection towards an ))..
.'&A,Ds may be setup and are relayed by the eNode, towards the former *'
+.
"he RformerR eNode, determines at this time 0e.g. after receiving a measurement
report from the 3.1 that a handover to anotherR eNode, is necessary to which an
N:'based handover is impossible.
Cuestion No :=$ 8lease fill In the missing interface names.
:
' :@? '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
RAB %andom Acce$$ u!ink 6ur$t
GW Gate.ay RRC %adio %e$ource 'ontro!
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
RAB %adio Acce$$ 6earer UE *$er E4uiment
:
' :@@ '
:*0*0*0 7etailed 7e+ri5tion
!aving received the *9'A8$ !N%G&C%'message, the former )). needs to
determine and select the target ))..
"he *9'A8$ HN7JREE'message P;"* ;?.=9; 0H.9.>.=1Q contains also the "8'
3 ".I% that the target *'+ allocated to receive uplink data from the target
eNode,.
"he "8$ Create-Indire+t-7ata-2orwarding-T'nnel-ReK'et'message P;"*
:H.:@= 0@.:.9A1Q does not only convey all necessary information to setup a tunnel
between target and source *'+. "his message also contains the ".I% that the
target eNode, allocated before and this is needed by the target *'+ to forward
%-'data to the target eNode,.
"he availability of the related ".I%Ds at the target *'+ and at the target
eNode, enables the new data link in uplink and downlink direction.
"he indirect data forwarding tunnel is necessary to relay 8%C8'8%3Ds between
the two *'+Ds during the transient time when data is received and transmitted
over both eNode,Ds.
P;"* :;.=B9 0>.>.9.:1Q
:
' :@A '
Room for )o'r Note,

DL 7o.n!ink PDU /rotoco! 7ata *nit or /acket 7ata
*nit
28.0)0)
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
3GTS 28.0)0)
:
' :@H '
:*0*0 S!-baed Handover S+enario B+ontin'edC
"he obJective of this section is to continue and conclude the operation of an
*9'based handover scenario P;"* :;.=B9 0>.>.9.:1Q.
:*0*0*0 7etailed 7e+ri5tion
"he former )). 0source1 will finally relay the &&C$ &&CGCONNG&.CONF'
message to the former eNode, which will send it to the 3..
"he 3. connects to the new cell and the new eNode, notifies the new )).
about the successful handover 0*9'A8$ HN7JNOTI2M P;"* ;?.=9; 0H.9.>.@1Q.
Note that at this time, there is new e:e data path through both *'+Ds.
Finally, the new *'+ updates the 8'+ about the *'+ relocation and the 8'
+ will update its data tunnels accordingly.
After the handover, the 3. must trigger a tracking area update procedure, if the
new eNode, belongs to a new tracking area for which the 3. holds no "AI.
P;"* :;.=B9 0>.>.9.:1Q
:
' :AB '
Room for )o'r Note,

Seci3ication
e2e End=to=End S1-AP S1 A!ication /art
23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
TAI Tracking Area Identity (3GTS
2(.301)
o3 E/')
UE *$er E4uiment
:
' :A9 '

' :A: '
Sol'tion
E9A-Seion,
Anwer for E'etion No !,
In case of roaming and particularly when using local breakout the different types
of traffic may use different ways. "herefore, it is desirable to be able to perform
legal interception at the access router 0e.g. *'+1 and at the edge router 08%N'
+1.
Anwer for E'etion No 0,
*ecurity is introduced on two different layers 0[WX 8%C8 and NA*1 to make sure
that NA*'messages are already integrity protected and possibly ciphered, if
security has not yet been enabled on 8%C8'layer. "his condition applies in
particular when the 3. transmits .))$ A""G&.C' or "AG38%G&.C'messages.
Another reason is to protect at least the NA*'messaging even if home base
stations with or w7o security capabilities are used.
Anwer for E'etion No A,
"he complete se2uence of input parameters is depicted underneath.
Sol"tions
' :A; '
Anwer for E'etion No $,
' :A= '
Anwer for E'etion No :,
"he missing interface names are 0from left to right1$ -".'3u, *9'))., *?a
Anwer for E'etion No #,
"he missing interface names are 0from left to right1$ -".'3u, *9'))., *99, *>
or *A 0depending on whether the 8%N'+ is part of the current 8-)N or not1.
Anwer for E'etion No ",
"he complete .))$ A""G&.C'message is illustrated underneath$
Anwer for E'etion No I,
"he missing interface names are 0from left to right1$ -".'3u, *9'))., *9B
Anwer for E'etion No %,
"he missing interface names are 0from left to right1$ *99, *> or *A 0depending on
whether the 8%N'+ is part of the current 8-)N or not1, *?a, *?a.
Anwer for E'etion No !1,
"he missing interface names are 0from left to right1$ -".'3u, *9'))., *99, *99
Anwer for E'etion No !!,
"he A""G&.C'message starts within the he# string and consists of the
se2uence
B@$ plain NA*'message 0no security header type1 7 protocol discriminator @ W
.))
=9$ message type of A""G&.C
=9$ NA* key set identifier 0=1 7 .8* attach type 091 WX .8* only attach
BC$ length of mobile identity WX 9:0dec1 not including the length indicator itself
Sol"tions
' :A> '
:;$ FFF 7 no correct decoding possible, type of identity should be SBB90bin1T or
S99B0bin1T but not SB990bin1T.
FB :@ :B B9 C9 B> FB BB BB BB B:$ remaining identity digits 0according to length
indication1.
B; :B :; FB :@ :B B9 C9 =: B: BB BB :, B? BB$ further content octets
Anwer for E'etion No !0,
"he missing interface names are 0from left to right1$ *>, *i, &# 0between I)*
and 8C&F1, # 0between 8C&F and 8'+1
Anwer for E'etion No !A,
"he missing interface names are 0from left to right1$ *99, *>, &# 0between I)*
and 8C&F1, # 0between 8C&F and 8'+1, *> 0between *'+ and 8'+1 and
*9'3 0between eNode, and *'+1.
Anwer for E'etion No !$,
"he bearers are the already e#isting .8*'bearer and the new real'time .8*'
bearer for the voice call data.
Anwer for E'etion No !:,
"he figure underneath illustrates the complete mapping$
' :A? '
Anwer for E'etion No !#,
Anwer for E'etion No !",
No because there are only 8* services no paging type 9 or paging type :
messages are received during &&CG&ONN.C".% mode. *till the paging
channel has to be listened to.
Anwer for E'etion No !I,
Sol"tions
' :A@ '
Anwer for E'etion No !%,
"he number of prefi# bits depends on the number of options. In the described
case, the number of options is ?A E > Z9 W ?= options.
Accordingly, a number of ? bits is re2uired in front of the information to indicate
the number of digits.
.#amples$
SBBBBBB digit'9 digit': digit'; I digit'>T [WX in case of a length of > digits
...
SBBB9B9 digit'9 digit': digit'; I digit'9BT [WX in case of a length of 9B digits
...
S999999 digit'9 digit': digit'; I digit'?AT [WX in case of a length of ?A digits
' :AA '
Anwer for E'etion No 0!,
"he complete &&C Connection .stablishment &e2uest')essage is illustrated
underneath$
Sol"tions
' :AH '
"he complete &&C Connection .stablishment 8rocedure on )AC level is
illustrated underneath$
' :HB '
Anwer for E'etion No 0A,
"he complete &&C Connection .stablishment &e2uest')essage is illustrated
underneath$
Anwer for E'etion No 0$,
"he missing interface names are 0from left to right1$ N:, *9'))., *99
Anwer for E'etion No 0:,
"he missing interface names are 0from left to right1 "op'line$ *9'))., *99,
*>7*AY )iddle line$ *9'))., *99, *>7*AY ,ottom'line$ *9B
Sol"tions
' :H9 '
' :H: '
Lit of A+ron)m
Te2- Ex;5.1.'$"1
+V,ASSI @i$ited A!ia$ Short Su,$cri,er Identity
1-APK 1) $ym,o!$ Am!itude /ha$e Keying
1-PPM 1) o$ition /u!$e /o$ition +odu!ation
1-!AM 1) $ym,o!$ Auadrature Am!itude +odu!ation
1VSB 1)=!e#e! #e$tigia! $ide,and modu!ation
1xCS IWS 'ircuit S.itched &a!!,ack Inter.orking $o!ution &unction 3or
3G//2 1x'S (3GTS 23.202)
1xCSIWS 1x 'ircuit=S.itched Inter.orking So!ution &unction (3GTS
28.200)
1xEV-DO ?ne 'arrier (1.2< +9B) E#o!ution = 7ata ?n!y (cdma2000)
1xEV-DV ?ne 'arrier (1.2< +9B) E#o!ution = 7ata and @oice
2-GFSK 2 $ym,o!$ Gau$$ian &re4uency Shi3t Key or Keying
2B1! T.o 6inary ?ne Auaternary (2ine 'oding u$ed on the IS7- *=
Inter3ace)
3G 3rd Generation ...
3GPP Third Generation /artner$hi /roGect ('o!!a,oration ,et.een
di33erent $tandardiBation organiBation$ (e.g. A%I6> ETSI) to
de3ine ad#anced mo,i!e communication$ $tandard$>
re$on$i,!e 3or *+TS)
3GPP2 Third Generation /artner$hi /roGect 2 ($imi!ar to 3G//> ,ut
con$i$ting o3 A-SI> TIA and EIA=(1> re$on$i,!e 3or
cdma2000> E#7? and E@7@)
3GTR 3rd Generation Technica! %eort
3GTS 3rd Generation Technica! Seci3ication
#-GFSK ( $ym,o!$ Gau$$ian &re4uency Shi3t Key or Keying
#-PAM ( $ym,o!$ /u!$e Am!itude +odu!ation
#-PPM ( o$ition /u!$e /o$ition +odu!ation
#G (th Generation ...
#-!AM )( $ym,o!$ Auadrature Am!itude +odu!ation
<-PSK 1 Sym,o! /ha$e Shi3t Keying
<VSB 1=!e#e! @e$tigia! Side,and +odu!ation (ATS')
A-B$' Ackno.!edgement %e4ue$t 6it (u$ed in 22'=rotoco! 2ogica!
2ink 'ontro!)
A=V Audio " @ideo
A&S A!ication$ J Ser#ice$ domain or $er#er
AA Anonymou$ Acce$$
List of A!ron&ms
' :H; '
AAA AuthoriBe Authenticate An$.er (7IA+ETE% me$$age tye)
AAA Authentication> AuthoriBation and Accounting
AACH Acce$$ A$$ignment '9anne!
AACH-! Acce$$ A$$ignment '9anne!> AA+
AAD Additiona! Authentication 7ata
AAL AT+=Adation 2ayer
AAL-2 AT+ Adatation 2ayer 2 (3or rea!=time $er#ice$) (IT*=T
I.3)3.2)
AAL-> AT+=Adatation 2ayer < (non=rea! time) (IT*=T I.3)3.<)
AAR AuthoriBe Authenticate %e4ue$t (7IA+ETE% me$$age tye)
AAS Adati#e Antenna Sy$tem$
ABM A$ynchronou$ 6a!anced +ode
ABNF Augmented 6acku$ -aur &orm (%&' 223()
AC A!ternate 'urrent
AC Acce$$ '!a$$
ACC Acce$$ 'ontro! '!a$$ (3GTS 22.011)
ACCH A$$ociated 'ontro! 'hanne! (GS+ " can ,e an SA''9 or an
&A''9)
ACELP A!ge,raic 'ode,ook Excited 2inear /rediction
ACK Ackno.!edgement
ACM Addre$$ 'om!ete +e$$age (IS*/=me$$age tye)
ACS Acti#e 'odec Set
ADCH A$$ociated 7edicated 'hanne! (3GTS (<.802)
ADDBA Add 6!ock Ackno.!edgment
ADDTS Add Tra33ic Stream
ADM A$ynchronou$ 7i$connected +ode
ADPCM Adati#e 7i33erentia! /u!$e 'ode +odu!ation
ADSL2 A$ynchronou$ 7igita! Su,$cri,er 2ine 2 (IT*=T G.882.3)
AES Ad#anced Encrytion Standard " 'iher Key 2ength$C 121 ,it>
182 ,it or 2<) ,it
AESA AT+ End Sy$tem Addre$$
AF A$$ured &or.arding (7i33Ser# Term)
AFC Automatic &re4uency 'ontro!
AFH Adati#e &re4uency 9oing
AG A,$o!ute Grant (3GTS 2<.308)
AGA Air = Ground = Air $er#ice
AGC Automatic &re4uency 'ontro!
AGCH Acce$$ Grant 'hanne! (GS+)
' :H= '
AGS A,$o!ute Grant Scoe (FA!!F or FSing!eF 9A%A roce$$)
AGV A,$o!ute Grant @a!ue (I-A'TI@E or KeroHGrant or E=
7/7'9"7/''9 o.er ratio)
AH Authentication 9eader (%&' (302)
AI Air Inter3ace
AI Ac4ui$ition Indicator
AICH Ac4ui$ition Indicator 'hanne! (*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne!)
AID A$$ociation Identi3ier
AIFS Ar,itration Inter&rame Sace
AIFSN Ar,itration Inter&rame Sace -um,er
AIPN A!! I/ -et.ork
A?A& A$ynchronou$ La#a$crit and E+2
AK Authentication Key (IEEE 102.1))
AK Anonymity Key (3GTS 33.102)
AKA Authentication and key agreement (3GTS 33.102)
AKD Authentication Key 7i$tri,ution
AL Am,ience 2i$tening
AL Ad#anced 2ink
ALC A$ynchronou$ 2ayered 'oding
ALCAP Acce$$ 2ink 'ontro! A!ication /art (IT*=T A.2)30.1 "
A.2)30.2)
ALG A!ication 2ayer Gate.ay
AM Am!itude +odu!ation
AM Ackno.!edged +ode oeration
AMBR Aggregated +aximum 6it %ate
AMC Adati#e +odu!ation and 'oding
AMD Ackno.!edged +ode 7ata (*+TS %2' /7*=tye)
AMF Authentication management 3ie!d (3GTS 33.102)
AMI A!ternate +ark In#er$ion (2ine 'oding)
AMPS Ad#anced +o,i!e /hone Sy$tem
AMR Adati#e +u!tirate Encoding (3GTS 2).080)
AMR(HR Adati#e +u!ti %ate .ith 9a!3=%ate 'odec
AMR-WB Adati#e +u!ti=%ate = 5ide6and $eech codec (3GTS 2).203>
IT*=T G.022.2)
AMR-WB@ Extended Adati#e +u!ti=%ate = 5ide6and $eech codec (3GTS
2).30(> 2).(10> IT*=T G.022.1)
ANDSF Acce$$ -et.ork 7i$co#ery and Se!ection &unction (3GTS
2(.302)
ANSI American -ationa! Standard$ In$titute
List of A!ron&ms
' :H> '
A"D Audio on 7emand
AP Acce$$ /ream,!e
AP Acce$$ /oint (IEEE 102.11> 102.1))
AP-AICH '/'9 Acce$$ /ream,!e Ac4ui$ition Indicator 'hanne! (*+TS
/hy$ica! 'hanne!)
APCO A$$ociation o3 /o!ice 'ommunication$ ?33icer$
API A!ication /rogramming Inter3ace
API Acce$$ /ream,!e Ac4ui$ition Indicator
APK Am!itude /ha$e Keying
APN Acce$$ /oint -ame (%e3erence to a GGS-)
APP A /o$teriori /ro,a,i!ity (Tur,o 7ecoding)
AR A$$ured %ate /76 (7i33Ser# Term)
ARFCN A,$o!ute %adio &re4uency 'hanne! -um,er
ARIB A$$ociation o3 %adio Indu$trie$ and 6u$ine$$e$ (Laane$e)
ARP A!!ocation and %etention /riority
ARP Addre$$ %e$o!ution /rotoco! (%&' 12))
ARPU A#erage %e#enue /er *$er
AR! Automatic %eeat %e4ue$t
AS a!ication $eci3ic (.ithin S7/=,and.idth $eci3ication " ,=
!ine)
AS A!ication Ser#er
AS Acce$$ Stratum (*+TS)
AS-ILCM A!ication Ser#er = Incoming 2eg 'ontro! +ode!
AS-OLCM A!ication Ser#er = ?utgoing 2eg 'ontro! +ode!
ASC Acce$$ Ser#ice '!a$$
ASCA AdGacent Su,carrier A!!ocation
ASCI Ad#anced Seech 'a!! Item$ (GS+=%)
ASCII American Standard 'ode 3or In3ormation Interchange (A-SI
E3.(=181))
ASIC A!ication Seci3ic Integrated 'ircuit
ASME Acce$$ Security +anagement Entity
ASN Acce$$ Ser#ice -et.ork
ASN-GW Acce$$ Ser#ice -et.ork=Gate.ay
ASN)1 A,$tract Syntax -otation 1 (IT*=T E.)10 " E.)11)
ASP A!ication Ser#er /roce$$
ASSI A!ia$ Short Su,$cri,er Identity
AT(MAC +e$$age Authentication 'ode
' :H? '
AT-C"--.1A Attention='ommand
ATCA Ad#anced Te!ecommunication$ 'omuting Architecture
ATID Addre$$ Tye Identi3ier in 7emand
ATIM Announcement Tra33ic Indication +e$$age
ATIS A!!iance o3 Te!ecommunication$ Indu$try So!ution$
ATM A$ynchronou$ Tran$3er +ode (IT*=T I.3)1)
ATSC Ad#anced Te!e#i$ion Sy$tem 'ommittee
ATSI A!ia$ TET%A Su,$cri,er Identity
A7C Authentication 'enter
AUTN Authentication Token (3GTS 33.102)
AV Authentication @ector (3GTS 33.102)
AVC Ad#anced @ideo 'oding
AVL Automatic @ehic!e 2ocation
AVP Attri,ute @a!ue /air (7IA+ETE%=term " %&' 3<11)
AWGN Additi#e 5hite Gau$$ian -oi$e
B2BUA 6ack=to=6ack *$er Agent (SI/ term " %&' 32)1> %&' 302<)
B2DA 6ack=to=6ack 7ynamic A!!ocation
B<BS 6io!ar .ith Eight=Kero Su,$titution (2ine 'ode u$ed at the
T1=%ate (1.<(( +,it"$))
BA 6!ock Ack
BAR 6!ock Ack %e4ue$t
BAS 6a$ic rate acce$$ IS7-=u$er inter3ace 3or $ing!e !ine$ (2 6=
channe!$ !u$ one 7='hanne! .ith 1) k,it"$)
BAT 6ou4uet A$$ociation Ta,!e (+/EG> 7@6=SI)
BB 6a$e 6and modu!e
BBERF 6earer 6inding and E#ent %eorting &unction (3GTS 23.203)
BBK 6roadca$t 6!ocK
BC 6roadca$t
BCAST 6roadca$t
BCC 6roadca$t 'a!! 'ontro! (3GTS ((.0)8)
BCC 6inary 'on#o!utiona! 'oding
BCC 6a$e Station 'o!or 'ode
BCCH 6roadca$t 'ontro! 'hanne!
BCCH-! 6roadca$t 'ontro! '9anne!> AA+
BCD 6inary 'oded 7ecima!
BCH 6roadca$t 'hanne!
BCMCS 6roadca$t and +u!tica$t Ser#ice$ ('7+A=2000 %e#. 7)
List of A!ron&ms
' :H@ '
BCTP 6earer 'ontro! Tunne!ing /rotoco! (IT*=T A.1880)
BE 6e$t E33ort
BEC 6ack.ard Error 'orrection
BEG 6EGin +e$$age (T'A/)
BER 6it Error %ate
BFCP 6inary &!oor 'ontro! /rotoco! (dra3t=iet3=xcon=,3c=0<)
BFI 6ad &rame Indication
BG 6order Gate.ay
BGCF 6reakout Gate.ay 'ontro! &unction
BGP 6order Gate.ay /rotoco!
BIB 6ack.ard Indicator 6it
BIC 6!ind Inter3erence 'ance!!ation
BICC 6earer Indeendent 'a!! 'ontro! (IT*=T A.1802.1 = A.1802.))
BK 6ackground
BKN1 6!ock -um,er 1
BKN2 6!ock -um,er 2
BL 6a$ic 2ink
BLCH 6a$e $tation 2ineariBation '9anne!
BLER 6!ock Error %ate
BM-IWF 6roadca$t +u!tica$t Inter.orking &unction
BM-SC 6roadca$t +u!tica$t Ser#ice 'enter (3GTS 23.3())
BMC 6roadca$t " +u!tica$t 'ontro! (3GTS 2<.32()
BN 6it -um,er
BNCH 6roadca$t -et.ork '9anne!
BNCH-! 6roadca$t -et.ork '9anne!> AA+
BNF 6acku$ -aur &orm (%&' 223()
BPSC 6it$ er Su, 'arrier
BPSK 6inary or 6io!ar /ha$e Shi3t Keying
B!A 6!uetooth Aua!i3ication Admini$ter
B!B 6!uetooth Aua!i3ication 6ody
B!RB 6!uetooth Aua!i3ication %e#ie. 6oard
B!TF 6!uetooth Aua!i3ication Te$t &aci!ity
BR 6and.idth %e4ue$t (5i+AE Term)
BRA 6it %ate Adatation
BRAN 6road,and %adio Acce$$ -et.ork
BS 6a$e Station (IEEE 102.1))
BS(CV(MA& +aximum 'ountdo.n @a!ue to ,e u$ed ,y the mo,i!e $tation
' :HA '
('ountdo.n /rocedure)
BS(EIRP 6a$e Station E33ecti#e I$otroic %adiated /o.er
BSC 6a$e Station 'ontro!!er
BSCH 6roadca$t SynchroniBation '9anne!
BSD 6erke!ey So3t.are 7i$tri,ution
BSIC 6a$e Station Identity 'ode
BSN 6!ock Se4uence -um,er (%2') " 6ack.ard Se4uence -um,er
(SS0)
BSS 6a$ic Ser#ice Set
BSS 6a$e Station Su,$y$tem
BSSAP 6a$e Station Su,$y$tem A!ication /art
BSSAP-LE 6a$e Station Sy$tem A!ication /art = 2ocation 6a$ed
Ser#ice$ Exten$ion
BSSGP 6a$e Station Sy$tem G/%S /rotoco!
BSSID 6a$ic Ser#ice Set Identi3ication
BSSMAP 6a$e Station Su,$y$tem +o,i!e A!ication /art (3GTS
(1.001)
BTAB 6!uetooth Technica! Ad#i$ory 6oard
BTC 6!ock Tur,o 'oding
BTS 6a$e Tran$cei#er Station
BTTI 6a$ic Tran$mi$$ion Time Inter#a!
BU 6ad *r,an
BVCI 6SSG/ @irtua! 'onnection Identi3ier
BW 6and.idth
C-RNTI 'e!! %adio -et.ork Temorary Identi3ier
C-SAP 'ontro! Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
C=I 'arrier=to=Inter3erence %atio (!ike S-%)
C=N 'arrier"-oi$e o.er ratio
C=R-B$' 'ommand " %e$on$e 6it
C=T-F$e5A !ogica! 'hanne! " Tran$ort channe! identi3ication &ie!d
CAI 'hanne! A$$ignment Indicator
CAMEL 'u$tomiBed A!ication$ 3or +o,i!e net.ork Enhanced 2ogic
CAN 'onnecti#ity Acce$$ -et.ork
CAP 'ontro!!ed Acce$$ /ha$e
CAP 'A+E2 A!ication /art (''S0)
CAPE& 'aita! Exenditure
CAT 'onditiona! Acce$$ Ta,!e (+/EG2=TS /SI)
CATV 'a,!e T@
List of A!ron&ms
' :HH '
CABAC 'on$tant Am!itude Kero Autocorre!ation 'ode
CB 'ontro! u!ink 6ur$t
CBC 'ommitted 6ur$t SiBe
CBC 'iher 6!ock 'haining (7ES=?eration +ode)
CBC 'e!! 6roadca$t 'enter
CBCH 'e!! 6roadca$t 'hanne! (GS+)
CBMS 'on#ergence o3 6roadca$t and +o,i!e Ser#ice$
CBPS 'oded 6it$ er ?&7+ Sym,o!
CC 'on#o!utiona! 'oding
CC 'a!! 'ontro!
CCC '/'9 'ontro! 'ommand
CCCH 'ommon 'ontro! 'hanne!
CCF 'harging 'o!!ection &unction
CCH 'ontro! 'hanne!
CCH-! 'ontro! '9anne!> AA+
CCIR*1 'omit con$u!tati3 internationa! our !a radio> a 3orerunner o3
the IT*=%> $eci3ication )01
CCITT 'omitMon$u!tati3 Internationa! TMgrahi4ue et TMhoni4ue
(Internationa! Te!egrah and Te!ehone 'on$u!tati#e
'ommittee)
CCK 'om!ementary 'ode Keying
CCK 'ommon 'iher Key
CCM 'ommon 'hanne! +anagement (/rotoco! /art on the GS+
A,i$=Inter3ace " 3GTS (1.0<1)
CCM 'T% .ith '6'=+A'
CCM-M"Ae 'ounter .ith '6'=+A' (%&' 3)10) 'om,ined Authentication
and Encrytion .ith AES=A!gorithm
CCMP 'T% .ith '6'=+A' /rotoco!
CCN 'e!! 'hange -oti3ication (re!ated to -et.ork A$$i$ted 'e!!
'hange " 3GTS ((.0)0)
CC"A 'o!!ocated 'are=o3=Addre$$
CCPCH 'ommon 'ontro! /hy$ica! 'hanne! ($ee a!$o /=''/'9 and S=
''/'9)
CCSC 'ommon 'hanne! Signa!ing Sy$tem -o. 0 (IT*=T A=$erie$ o3
$eci3ication$> in articu!ar A.000 = A.003)
CCT2CH 'oded 'omo$ite Tran$ort 'hanne! (*+TS)
CCU 'hanne! 'odec *nit
CD 'omact 7i$c
CD=CA-ICH 'o!!i$ion 7etection " 'hanne! A$$ignment Indicator 'hanne!
(*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne!)
' ;BB '
CDCH 'ontro!=!ane 7edicated 'hanne! (3GTS (<.802)
CDD 'yc!ic 7e!ay 7i#er$ity
CDI 'o!!i$ion 7etection Indicator
CDMA 'ode 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
CDMA2*** The 3G Standard 3G//2
CDR 'a!! 7etai! %ecord
CELL(DCH %%' 7edicated State
CELL(FACH %%' &A'9 State in *T%A
CELL(PCH %%' /'9 State in *T%A
CEO 'hie3 Executi#e ?33icer
CEPT 'on3Mrence EuroMne de$ /o$te$ et TMcommunication$
CES"P 'ircuit Emu!ation Ser#ice$ o#er /acket
CF 'ontention &ree
CFI 'ontro! &ormat Indicator
CFN 'onnection &rame -um,er
CFP 'ontention &ree /eriod
CG 'harging Gate.ay
CGF 'harging Gate.ay &unction
CGI 'e!! G!o,a! Identi3ication
CHAP 'ha!!enge 9and$hake Authentication /rotoco! (%&' 133()
CI 'e!! Identity
CIC 'ircuit Identity 'ode (IS*/)
CIC 'a!! In$tance 'ode (6I'')
CID 'onnection Identi3ier (5i+AE)
CID 'hanne! Identity (AT+)
CIDR '!a$$!e$$ Inter=7omain %outing (%&' 1<18)
CIF 'ommon Intermediate &ormat (3<2 x 2(0 ixe!$ " IT*=T 92)1
" 92)3)
CINR 'arrier to Inter3erence and -oi$e %atio
CIO 'e!! Indi#idua! ?33$et (3GTS 2<.331)
CIP 'ommon Indexing /rotoco!
CIR 'ommitted In3ormation %ate
CIR 'hanne! Imu!$e %e$on$e
CIR 'arrier=to=Inter3erence %atio
CK 'ihering Key (3GTS 33.102)
CKSN 'ihering Key Se4uence -um,er
CL 'ontro!!ed 2oad
List of A!ron&ms
' ;B9 '
CLCH 'ommon 2ineariBation '9anne!
CLCH-! 'ommon 2ineariBation '9anne!> AA+
CMC 'onnection +o,i!ity 'ontro!
CMC 'odec +ode 'ommand
CMCE 'ircuit +ode 'ontro! Entity
C-CH-PI 'ommon 'hanne! /riority Indicator
CMD 'ircuit +ode 7ata
CMI 'odec +ode Indication
CMIP '!ient +o,i!e I/
CMIS=P 'ommon +anagement In3ormation Sy$tem"/rotoco!
CMR 'odec +ode %e4ue$t
CMTS 'a,!e +odem Termination Sy$tem
CN 'ore -et.ork
CNM 'entra! -et.ork +anagement
CNMI 'entra! -et.ork +anagement Inter3ace
CNR 'arrier to -oi$e %atio
C"A 'are o3 Addre$$ (+I/)
COA 'hange ?#er Ackno.!edge me$$age (''S0)
CODEC 'oder=decoder
COFDM 'oded ?rthogona! &re4uency 7i#i$ion +u!ti!exing
COMSEC 'ommunication$ Security
CON '?-tinue +e$$age (T'A/)
CONS 'onnection ?rientated -et.ork Ser#ice
COO 'hange ?#er ?rder me$$age (''S0)
COPS 'ommon ?en /o!icy Ser#ice /rotoco! (%&' 20(1)
CORBA 'ommon ?,Gect %e4ue$t 6roker
C"U '!a$$ o3 *$age
CP 'yc!ic /re3ix
CP 'ontro! /hy$ica! channe!
CP 'ontention /eriod
CPC 'ontinuou$ /acket 'onnecti#ity
CPCH 'ommon /acket 'hanne! (*+TS Tran$ort 'hanne!) &77 on!y
CPCS 'ommon /art 'on#ergence Su,!ayer
CPE 'u$tomer /remi$e$ E4uiment
CPICH 'ommon /i!ot 'hanne! (*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne! " $ee a!$o /=
'/I'9 and S='/I'9)
CPICH(Ec=N" 'ommon /i!ot 'hanne! Energy er 'hi to -oi$e %adio
' ;B: '
CPIM 'ommon /re$ence and In$tant +e$$aging (%&' 31)2)
CPS 'ommon /art Su,!ayer
CPS 'oding and /uncturing Scheme
CPTI 'a!!ing /arty Tye Identi3ier
CPU 'entra! /roce$$ing *nit
C!I 'hanne! Aua!ity Indicator
C!ICH 'hanne! Aua!ity Indicator 'hanne!
CRC 'yc!ic %edundancy 'heck
CRC(HS '%' o3 9igh Seed 'hanne! (9S=7S'9)
CRF 'harging %u!e$ &unction
CRNC 'ontro!!ing %-'
CRSC 'ontri,uting Source
CS 'on#ergence Su,!ayer
CS 'oding Scheme
CS '!a$$ Se!ector (7i33Ser# Term " %&' 2(0()
CS 'ircuit S.itched
CS-& 'oding Scheme (1 = ()
CSCF 'a!! Se$$ion 'ontro! &unction (SI/)
CSD 'ircuit S.itched 7ata
CSG '!o$ed Su,$cri,er Grou
CSI 'hanne! State In3ormation
CSICH '/'9 Statu$ Indicator 'hanne! (*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne!)
CSMA-CA 'arrier=Sen$e +u!ti!e Acce$$ = 'o!!i$ion A#oidance
CSN 'onnecti#ity Ser#ice -et.ork
CSN)1 'ode Syntax -otation 1 (3GTS 2(.000)
CSPDN 'ircuit S.itched /u,!ic 7ata -et.ork
CSRC Synchroni$ation Source (%T/)
CSS 'arrier Seci3ic Signa!!ing
CT 'ore -et.ork and Termina! (Technica! Seci3ication Grou
.ithin 3G//)
CTC 'on#o!utiona! Tur,o 'oding
CTCH 'ommon Tra33ic 'hanne! (2ogica!) /T+
CTFC 'a!cu!ated Tran$ort &ormat 'om,ination (3GTS 2<.331)
CTIA 'e!!u!ar Te!ehone Indu$trie$ A$$ociation
CTR 'ounter +ode
CTS '!ear To Send
CUB 'ontro! *!ink 6ur$t
List of A!ron&ms
' ;B; '
CV 'ountdo.n @a!ue
CV 'on$te!!ation @er$ion
CVO '!ear @oice ?#erride
CW 'ontention 5indo.
CW 'ode 5ord
cD1A 'onge$tion .indo.
D-CT 7o.n!ink='ontinuou$ Tran$mi$$ion
D-CTT 7o.n!ink='arrier Time$haring Tran$mi$$ion
D-MCCTT 7o.n!ink = +ain 'ontro! 'hanne! Time$haring Tran$mi$$ion
D-TxAA 7ou,!e Tran$mit Antenna Array
DA 7e$tination Addre$$
DAB 7igita! Audio 6roadca$ting
DARP 7o.n!ink Ad#anced %ecei#er /er3ormance (3GTS (<.01<>
3GTS 2(.001)
DAS-& egr$2 7o.n!ink !e#e! A modu!ation and coding Scheme (x N
<..12)
DASS 7igita! Acce$$ Signa!ing Sy$tem
DBC 7ynamic 6earer 'ontro!
AB- The unit d6m mea$ure$ a o.er. The con#er$ion o3 a o.er
#a!ue 3rom 5att :5; to d6m i$ done in the 3o!!o.ing .ayCE
:d6m; N 10 x !og10(E :5; " 0.001 :5;)
DBP 7iameter 6a$e /rotoco! (%&' 3<11)
DBPS 7ata 6it$ er ?&7+ Sym,o!
DBPSCH 7edicated 6a$ic /hy$ica! Su,'9anne!
DBPSK 7i33erentia! 6inary or 6io!ar /ha$e Shi3t Keying
DBS-& egr$2 7o.n!ink !e#e! 6 modu!ation and coding Scheme (x N
<..12)
DC 7irect 'urrent
DCA 7i$tri,uted 'hanne! Acce$$
DCCH 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne!
DCD 7o.n!ink 'hanne! 7e$critor (5i+AE +e$$age)
DCF 7i$tri,uted 'oordination &unction
DCF 7%+ 'ontent &ormat
DCH 7edicated 'hanne! (Tran$ort)
DCI 7o.n!ink 'ontro! Indicator
DCK 7eri#ed 'iher Key
DCLA 7' 2e#e! AdGu$tment
DCM 7edicated 'hanne! +anagement (/rotoco! /art on the GS+
A,i$=Inter3ace " 3GTS (1.0<1)
' ;B= '
DCOMP 7ata '?+re$$ion /rotoco!
DCS 7igita! 'ommunication Sy$tem
DDDS 7ynamic 7e!egation 7i$co#ery Sy$tem (%&' 3(01 = %&' 3(0()
DDI 7ata 7e$crition Indicator (3GTS 2<.308> 2<.331> 2<.321)
DEC 7eci$ion ('?/S me$$age tye)
DELBA 7e!ete 6!ock Ackno.!edgment
DELTS 7e!ete Tra33ic Stream
DEMU& 7e=+u!ti!exer
DES 7ata Encrytion Standard
DF 7o not &ragment (,it in I/#( header)
DF 7e3au!t &or.arding (7i33Ser# Term " %&' 2(0()
DFS 7ynamic &re4uency Se!ection
DFT 7i$crete &ourier Tran$3ormation
DGNA 7ynamic Grou -um,er A$$ignment
DHCP 7ynamic 9o$t 'on3iguration /rotoco! (%&' 2131)
DHCPv# 7ynamic 9o$t 'on3iguration /rotoco! @er$ion ( (%&' 2131)
DHCPv 7ynamic 9o$t 'on3iguration /rotoco! @er$ion ) (%&' 331<)
DIA 7iameter /rotoco! (%&' 3<11> %&' 3<18)
DIAMETER Succe$$or o3 the %A7I*S rotoco!
DIFS 7i$tri,uted (coordination 3unction) Inter&rame Sace
D$3$' ( ,it
DIUC 7o.n!ink Inter#a! *$age 'ode (5i+AE Term)
DL 7o.n!ink
DL-MAP 7o.n!ink=+edium Acce$$ /rotoco! (+A'=+e$$age in 5i+AE "
IEEE 102.1))
DL-SCH 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne!
DLCI 7ata 2ink 'onnection Identi3ier
DLFP 7o.n!ink &rame /re3ix
DLL 7ata 2ink 2ayer
DLR 7e$tination 2oca! %e3erence (S''/ term)
DLS 7o.n!oada,!e Sound$
DLS 7irect 2ink Setu
DMA 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
DMB 7igita! +u!timedia 6roadca$ting
DMO 7irect +ode ?eration
DMR 7igita! +o,i!e %adio
DNS 7omain -ame Sy$tem
List of A!ron&ms
' ;B> '
DOCSIS 7ata ?#er 'a,!e Ser#ice Inter3ace Seci3ication (de3ined ,y
'a,!e2a,$)
D"S 7enia! o3 Ser#ice attack
DPC 7e$tination /oint 'ode
DPCCH 7edicated /hy$ica! 'ontro! 'hanne! (*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne!)
DPCH 7edicated /hy$ica! 'hanne! (*+TS " Term to com,ine 7/7'9
and 7/''9)
DPDCH 7edicated /hy$ica! 7ata 'hanne! (*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne!)
DPDCH(P 7/7'9H/o.er or 7/7'9H/.rC Tran$mit o.er o3 7/7'9
DPNSS 7igita! /ri#ate -et.ork Signa!ing Sy$tem
DPSK 7i33erentia! /ha$e Shi3t Keying
D!PSK 7i33erentia! Auadrature /ha$e Shi3t Keying
D!PSK 7i33erentia! Auadrature /ha$e Shi3t Keying
DR 7ata %ate
DRA 7ynamic %e$ource A!!ocation
DRB 7ata %adio 6earer
DRM 7igita! %ight$ +anagement
DRNC 7ri3t %adio -et.ork 'ontro!!er
DR& 7i$continuou$ %ecetion
DS 7i$tri,ution Sy$tem
DS-CDMA 7irect Se4uence 'ode 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
DSCA 7i#er$ity " 7i$tri,uted Su,carrier A!!ocation
DSCH 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! (*+TS Tran$ort 'hanne!)
DSCP 7i33erentiated Ser#ice$ 'ode /ointer
DSL 7igita! Su,$cri,er 2ine
DSLAM 7igita! Su,$cri,er 2ine Acce$$ +u!ti!exer
DSM-CC 7igita! Storage +edia 'a!! 'ontro!
DSMIP 7ua!=Stack (I/#("#)) +o,i!e I/
DSMIPv 7ua! Stack +o,i!e I/#)
DSN 7igita! S.itching -et.ork
DSP 7igita! Signa! /roce$$or
DSR 7ua! Sym,o! %ate
DSS 7o.n!ink $ync Se4uence Set
DSS 7i$tri,ution Sy$tem Set
DSS1 7igita! Su,$cri,er Signa!ing Sy$tem -o.1 (a!$o re3erred to a$
2A/7=$igna!ing " IT*=T A.831)
DSSS 7irect Se4uence Sread Sectrum
DT1 7ata &orm 1 (S''/ me$$age tye)
' ;B? '
DTAP 7irect Tran$3er A!ication /art
DTCH 7edicated Tra33ic 'hanne!
DTIM 7e!i#ery Tra33ic Indication +a
DTM 7ua! Tran$3er +ode :3GTS (3.0<<;
DTMB 7igita! Terre$tria! +u!timedia 6roadca$t
DTMF 7ua! Tone +u!ti!e &re4uency
DTS 7ecode Time Stam
DT& 7i$continuou$ Tran$mi$$ion
DUA 7/-SS 1 " 7ASS 2 *$er Adatation 2ayer (%&' (128)
DVB 7igita! @ideo 6roadca$ting
DVB-C 7igita! @ideo 6roadca$ting = 'a,!e T@
DVB-H 7igita! @ideo 6roadca$ting = 9andhe!d
DVB-S 7igita! @ideo 6roadca$ting = Sate!!ite
DVB-T 7igita! @ideo 6roadca$ting = Terre$tria!
E(UTRA E#o!#ed *+TS Terre$tria! Acce$$
E-AGCH E=7'9 A,$o!ute Grant 'hanne!
E-DCH Enhanced *!ink 7edicated Tran$ort 'hanne! (3GTS 2<.211>
2<.308)
E-DCH-FP E=7'9 &rame /rotoco! (Enhanced 7edicated 'hanne!)
E-DPCCH Enhanced *!ink 7edicated /hy$ica! 'ontro! 'hanne! (3GTS
2<.211)
E-DPDCH Enhanced *!ink 7edicated /hy$ica! 7ata 'hanne! (3GTS
2<.211)
E-GSM Extended GS+ (GS+ 800 in the Extended 6and)
E-HICH E=7'9 9A%A Ackno.!edgement Indicator 'hanne! (3GTS
2<.211)
E-OTD Enhanced ?,$er#ed Time 7i33erence
E-RGCH E=7'9 %e!ati#e Grant 'hanne! (3GTS 2<.211)
E-RNTI E=7'9 %adio -et.ork Temorary Identi3ier (3GTS 2<.(01)
E-TFC E=7'9 Tran$ort &ormat 'om,ination (3GTS 2<.308)
E-TFCI E=7'9 Tran$ort &ormat 'om,ination Identi3ier (Enhanced
7edicated 'hanne!)
E-UTRA E#o!#ed *+TS Terre$tria! %adio Acce$$
E-UTRAN E#o!#ed *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication Sy$tem)
e2e End=to=End
EAP Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco! (%&' 30(1)
EAP-AKA Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco! method 3or 3rd generation
Authentication and Key Agreement (%&' (110)
List of A!ron&ms
' ;B@ '
EAP-FAST Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco! = &!exi,!e Authentication #ia
Secure Tunne!ing
EAP-SIM Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco! method 3or g$m Su,$cri,er
Identity +odu!e (%&' (11))
EAP-TLS Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco! = Tran$ort 2ayer Security
(%&' 201))
EAP-TTLS Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco! = Tran$ort 2ayer Security
EAPOL EA/ enca$u!ation ?#er 2an or .!an (IEEE 102.1E)
eBM-SC Enhanced 6roadca$t and +u!tica$t Ser#ice 'enter
Ec=N" %ecei#ed energy er chi " o.er den$ity in the ,and
ECC E!ectronic 'ommunication$ 'ommittee
ECCH Extended 'ontro! '9anne!
ECM E/S 'onnection +anagement (3GTS 2(.301)
ECN Ex!icit 'onge$tion -oti3ication
ECSD Enhanced 'ircuit S.itched 7ata (9S'S7 O E7GE)
EDCA Enhanced 7i$tri,uted 'hanne! Acce$$
EDCAF Enhanced 7i$tri,uted 'hanne! Acce$$ &unction
EDGE Enhanced 7ata %ate$ 3or G!o,a! E#o!ution
EDR Enhanced 7ata %ate (more $eed .ith 6!uetooth 2.0 (2.0 =
3.0 +,it"$)
EE Exce!!ent E33ort
EEA E/S Encrytion A!gorithm (3GTS 33.(01)
EF Exedite &or.arding (7i33Ser# Term)
EFR Enhanced &u!! %ate $eech codec
EGAN E#o!#ed Generic Acce$$ -et.ork
EGPRS Enhanced Genera! /acket %adio Ser#ice
EGPRS2 Enhanced G/%S ha$e 2 :3GTS (3.0)(;
EGPRS2-A Enhanced G/%S /ha$e 2 2e#e! A :3GTS (3.0)(> 3GTS ((.0)0;
EGPRS2-B Enhanced G/%S /ha$e 2 2e#e! 6 :3GTS (3.0)(> 3GTS ((.0)0;
eHSPA E#o!#ed 9S/A
EIA E!ectronic Indu$trie$ A!!iance (*S=organiBation to $uort *S
indu$try)
EIA E/S Integrity /rotection A!gorithm (3GTS 33.(01)
EIFS Extended Inter&rame Sace
EIR E4uiment Identity %egi$ter
EIRENE Euroean Integrated %ai!.ay %adio Enhanced -et.ork (GS+=
%)
EIRP E4ui#a!ent I$otroic %adiated /o.er
EIT E#ent In3ormation Ta,!e (+/EG> 7@6=SI)
' ;BA '
eMLPP enhanced +u!ti=2e#e! /recedence and /re=emtion (3GTS
23.0)0)
EMM E/S +o,i!ity +anagement (3GTS 2(.301)
EMSK Extended +a$ter Se$$ion Key
EN Euroean -orm
eNB Enhanced -ode 6
END E-7 +e$$age (T'A/)
ENUM E.1)(=te!ehone num,er to *%I (*ni3orm %e$ource Identi3ier)
tran$!ation (%&' 30)1)
EOSP End ?3 Ser#ice /eriod
EPC E#o!#ed /acket 'ore (3GTS 23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
ePDG e#o!#ed /acket 7ata Gate.ay (3GTS 23.(02)
EPS E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem
EPS-AKA E#o!#ed /acket Sy$tem =Authentication and Key Agreement
(3GTS 33.(01)
EPT ETSI /roGect TET%A
E!2** E4ua!iBer Te$t 200 km"h
ERO Euroean %adiocommunication$ ?33ice
ERP Extended %ate /hy$ica! 2ayer
e2'-PS Extended %ea!=Time /o!!ing Ser#ice (5i+AE Tra33ic '!a$$)
e2'PS Extended %ea!=Time /o!!ing Ser#ice (IEEE 102.1) Tra33ic
'!a$$)
ES E!ementary Stream
ES-IA Encoding Sym,o!=Id
Es=N" Energy er $ym,o! " -oi$e o.er $ectra! den$ity
ESCR E!ementary Stream '!ock %e3erence
ESG E!ectronic Ser#ice Guide
ESM E/S Se$$ion +anagement (3GTS 2(.301)
ESN E!ectronic Seria! -um,er (-orth American +arket)
ESP Enca$u!ating Security /ay!oad (%&' (303)
ESS Extended Ser#ice Set
E'8e21e' 2ayer 2 /rotoco! 3or I/ (IEEE 102.3)
ETS Euroean Te!ecommunication Standard
ETSI Euroean Te!ecommunication$ Standard In$titute
EUI-# Extended *ni4ue Identi3ier = )( ,it !ong (IEEE " the
EUL Enhanced *!ink
EV-DO E#o!ution 7ata ?n!y or E#o!ution 7ata ?timiBed (cdma2000)
EV-DV E#o!ution 7ata"@oice (cdma2000)
List of A!ron&ms
' ;BH '
EVM Error @ector +agnitude
F-DPCH &ractiona! 7edicated /hy$ica! 'hanne! (3GTS 2<.211)
F-TEID &u!!y Aua!i3ied Tunne! Endoint Identi3ier (3GTS 28.20()
FA &oreign Agent (+o,i!e I/ " %&' 33(()
FACCH &a$t A$$ociated 'ontro! 'hanne! (GS+)
FACH &or.ard Acce$$ 'hanne! (*+TS Tran$ort 'hanne!)
FANR &a$t Ack"-ack %eorting
FBI &ina! 6!ock Indicator
FBI &eed,ack In3ormation (*+TS)
FBSS &a$t 6a$e Station S.itching
FCB &re4uency 'orrection do.n!ink ,ur$t
FCC &edera! 'ommunication$ 'ommi$$ion
FCCH &re4uency 'orrection 'hanne! (GS+)
FCH &rame 'ontro! 9eader
FCS &rame 'heck Se4uence ('%'='heck)
FDD &re4uency 7i#i$ion 7u!ex
FDDI &i,er 7i$tri,uted 7ata Interconnect (otica! 2ayer 2)
FDM &re4uency 7i#i$ion +u!ti!exing
FDMA &re4uency 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
FDPS &u!!=$!ot 7o.n!ink /i!ot$ Set
FDT &i!e 7e!i#ery Ta,!e
FEC &or.ard Error 'orrection
FER &rame Error %ate
FFH &a$t &re4uency 9oing
FFRS &ractiona! &re4uency %eu$e Scheme
FFS &or &urther Study
FFT &a$t &ourier Tran$3ormation
FH &re4uency 9oing
FH-CDMA &re4uency 9oing 'ode 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
FHSS &re4uency 9oing Sread Sectrum
FIB &or.ard Indicator 6it
FIPS &edera! In3ormation /roce$$ing Standard
F$SA &i!!er Set A
F$SB &i!!er Set 6
FISU &i!! In Signa! *nit
FLO &!exi,!e 2ayer 1 (3GTS (<.802)
FLUTE &i!e 7e!i#ery o#er *nidirectiona! Tran$ort (%&' 382))
' ;9B '
FM &re4uency +odu!ation
FMC &ixed +o,i!e 'on#ergence
FN &rame -um,er
FP &rame /rotoco!
FPB &ir$t /artia! 6itma
F!DN &u!!y Aua!i3ied 7omain -ame. &u!!y 4ua!i3ied domain name$
con$i$t o3 a ho$t and a domain name .herea$ the domain
name need$ to inc!ude a to=!e#e! domain (e.g. FdeF or ForgF).
Exam!e$C F....inacon.deF and F/'10.inacon.comF are 3u!!y
4ua!i3ied domain name$. F...F and F/'10F rere$ent the ho$t>
FinaconF i$ the $econd=!e#e! domain> FdeF and FcomF are the to
!e#e! domain.
FR &u!!rate or &rame %e!ay
F2CS &re4uency 'orrection Set
FRMR &rame %eGect
FRS &re4uency %eu$e Scheme
FSK &re4uency Shi3t Key or Keying
FSN &or.ard Se4uence -um,er
FTP &i!e Tran$3er /rotoco! (%&' 8<8)
FUPS &u!!=$!ot *!ink /i!ot$ Set
FUSC &u!! *$age o3 Su,channe!$
FWA &ixed 5ire!e$$ Acce$$
G-MSC Gate.ay +S'
G-PDU T=/7* O GT/=9eader
G-RNTI GE%A- %adio -et.ork Temorary Identi3ier
GA Generic Acce$$ (3GTS (3.311)
GA-CSR Generic Acce$$ = 'ircuit=S.itched %e$ource$ (3GTS (3.311)
GA-PSR Generic Acce$$ = /acket=S.itched %e$ource$ (3GTS (3.311)
GA-RC Generic Acce$$ = %e$ource 'ontro! (3GTS (3.311)
GAA Generic Authentication Architecture (3GTS 33.220)
GAN Generic Acce$$ -et.ork
GANC Generic Acce$$ -et.ork 'ontro!!er (3GTS (3.311)
GBA Generic 6oot$traing Architecture (3GTS 33.220)
GBR Guaranteed 6it %ate
GCC Generic 'a!! 'ontro!
GCF Genera! 'erti3ication &orum
GCK Grou 'iher Key
GEA G/%S Encrytion A!gorithm
GERAN GS+ E7GE %adio Acce$$ -et.ork
List of A!ron&ms
' ;99 '
GFSK Gau$$ian &re4uency Shi3t Key or Keying
GGSN Gate.ay G/%S Suort -ode
GHE Giga 9ertB (10
8
9ertB)
GI Guard Inter#a!
GIAT Grou Identity Addre$$ Tye
GIF Grahic$ Interchange &ormat
GITI Grou Identi3y Tye Identi3ier
GK Gatekeeer
GMK Grou +a$ter Key
GMLC Gate.ay +o,i!e 2ocation 'enter
GMM G/%S +o,i!ity +anagement
GMSC Gate.ay +S'
GMSC-S Gate.ay +S' Ser#er
GMSK Gau$$ian +inimum Shi3t Keying
GNU recur$i#e acronym 3or G-* i$ -ot *nix. Today a $ynonym 3or
3ree Sourcecode So3t.are.
GOP Grou o3 /icture$
G"S Grade o3 Ser#ice
GPCS Generic /acket 'on#ergence Su,!ayer (IEEE 102.1))
GPRS Genera! /acket %adio Ser#ice
GPRS-CSI G/%S 'A+E2 Su,$crition In3ormation
GPRS-SSF G/%S Ser#ice S.itching &unction ('A+E2)
GPS G!o,a! /o$itioning Sy$tem
GRA GE%A- %egi$tration Area
GRE Generic %outing Enca$u!ation (%&' 201()
GR& G/%S %oaming Exchange (GS+=A$$ociation I%.3()
GSM G!o,a! Sy$tem 3or +o,i!e 'ommunication
GSM-R GS+ 3or %ai!.ay$
GSMS G/%S Short +e$$age Ser#ice
GSN G/%S Suort -ode
GSSI Grou Short Su,$cri,er Identity
GTK Grou Temora! Key
GTKSA Grou Temora! Key Security A$$ociation
GTP G/%S Tunne!ing /rotoco! (3GTS 28.0)0)
GTP-C GT/ 'ontro! /!ane
GTP-U GT/ *$er /!ane
GTSI Grou TET%A Su,$cri,er Identity
' ;9: '
GTT G!o,a! Tit!e Tran$!ation (IT*=T A.01( (2.())
GTTP G/%S Tran$arent Tran$ort /rotoco! (3GTS ((.011)
GUMMEI G!o,a! *ni4ue ++E Identity (3GTS 23.003)
GUP Generic *$er /ro3i!e
GUTI G!o,a! *ni4ue Termina! Identity (3GTS 23.003)
GW Gate.ay
GWCN Gate5ay 'ore -et.ork con3iguration
GBIP G-* KI/ (comre$$ion 3ormat)
H-PLMN 9ome /2+-
H-RNTI 9S=7S'9 %adio -et.ork Tran$action Identi3ier (3GTS 2<.331>
2<.(33)
HA 9ome Agent (+o,i!e I/ " %&' 33(()
HAR! 9y,rid A%A
HB 9eart,eat
HBDC 9ay 6it 7e!ay 'ondition (3GTS 2<.308)
HBM 9o$t 6a$ed +o,i!ity
HC 9y,rid 'oordinator
HC-SDMA 9igh 'aacity = Satia! 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
HCCA 9'& 'ontro!!ed 'hanne! Acce$$
HCF 9y,rid 'oordination &unction
HCS 9ierarchica! 'e!! Structure
HDB3 9igh 7en$ity 6io!ar Three (2ine 'oding u$ed 3or E1 (/'+ 30)
HDLC 9igh !e#e! 7ata 2ink 'ontro!
HDTV 9igh 7e3inition Te!e#i$ion
HE 9eader Exten$ion &ie!d
HFC 9x,rid &i,er 'a,!e (re!ate$ to the !ayer 1 o3 'a,!eT@=
oerator$)
HFC-Ne'D"2F 9y,rid &i,er= " 'oaxia!=ca,!e
HI 9A%A Indicator
HIPERLAN=2 9igh /er3ormance %adio 2oca! Area -et.ork tye 2
H$;e2MAN 9igh /er3ormance %adio +etroo!itan Area -et.ork
HLR 9ome 2ocation %egi$ter
HMAC Keyed 9a$hing 3or +e$$age Authentication (%&' 210()
HMIP 9ierarchica! +o,i!e I/#) (%&' <310)
HO 9ando#er
H"A 9ome Addre$$
HOM 9igher ?rder +odu!ation
List of A!ron&ms
' ;9; '
HOMTC 9igher ?rder +odu!ation and Tur,o 'oding
HOT 9igher ?rder modu!ation and Tur,o coding 3or do.n!ink
HP 9igh /riority /ath (+/EG> 7@6)
HPLMN 9ome /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e radio -et.ork
HR 9igh %ate
HR 9a!3rate
HRPD 9igh %ate /acket 7ata (cdma2000 term)
HS 9igh Seed
HS-DPCCH 9igh Seed 7edicated /hy$ica! 'ontro! 'hanne! (3GTS
2<.211)
HS-DSCH 9igh Seed 7o.n!ink Shared Tran$ort 'hanne! (3GTS
2<.211> 2<.212> 2<.301)
HS-HAR! 9igh Seed 9y,rid Automatic %eeat %e4ue$t
HS-PDSCH 9igh Seed /hy$ica! 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne! (3GTS 2<.211)
HS-SCCH 9igh Seed Shared 'ontro! 'hanne! (3GTS 2<.211> 2<.21()
HSCSD 9igh Seed 'ircuit S.itched 7ata
HSDPA 9igh Seed 7o.n!ink /acket Acce$$ (3GTS 2<.301> 2<.301>
2<.(01> 3GT% 2<.1(1)
HSGW 9%/7 Ser#ing Gate.ay (cdma2000 term)
HSPA 9igh Seed /acket Acce$$ (oeration o3 9S7/A and 9S*/A)
HSPA@ Enhanced 9igh Seed /acket Acce$$ (oeration o3 enhanced
9S7/A and enhanced 9S*/A)
HSR 9igher Sym,o! %ate
HSS 9ome Su,$cri,er Ser#er :3GTS 23.002;. 9SS re!ace$ the
92% .ith 3G// %e!. <
HSUPA 9igh Seed *!ink /acket Acce$$ (3GTS 2<.301> 2<.308>
2<.(01> 3GT% 2<.18))
HT 9igh Throughut
HT2** 9i!!y Terrain 200 km"h
HTML 9yertext +arku 2anguage
HTTP 9yerText Tran$3er /rotoco! (%&' 2)1))
HTTPS 9yertext Tran$3er /rotoco! Secure
HUGE 9igher *!ink er3ormance 3or Geran E#o!ution
HUMAN 9igh=$eed *n!icen$ed +etroo!itan Area -et.ork
HUPS 9a!3=$!ot *!ink /i!ot$ Set
HW 9ard.are
I-CSCF Interrogating 'a!! Se$$ion 'ontro! &unction (SI/)
I-WLAN Inter.orking 52A- (5ire!e$$ 2oca! Area -et.ork) (3GTS
23.23()
' ;9= '
I@S In3ormation O Suer#i$ory
IAM Initia! Addre$$ +e$$age (IS*/ IS7- *$er /art)
IANA Internet A$$igned -um,er$ Authority
IBS Integrated 6a$e Station
IBSS Indeendent 6a$ic Ser#ice Set
$B72s' 7ata 'ommunication Standard$
IC Inter3erence 'ance!!ation
ICANN Internet 'ororation 3or A$$igned -ame$ and -um,er$
ICH Indicator 'hanne! (*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne! " $ee a!$o /I'9>
AI'9> '7"'A=I'9)
ICIC Inter='e!! Inter3erence 'oordination
ICM Initia! 'odec +ode
ICMP Internet 'ontro! +e$$age /rotoco! (%&' 082)
ICMPv# Internet 'ontro! +e$$age /rotoco! 3or I/#( (%&' 082)
ICMPv Internet 'ontro! +e$$age /rotoco! 3or I/#) (%&' (((3)
ICS Im!ementation 'on3ormance Statement
ICS I+S 'entra!iBed Ser#ice$ (3GT% 22.182)
ICV Integrity 'heck @a!ue
ID Identity
IDEA Internationa! 7ata Encrytion A!gorithm
IDFT In#er$e 7i$crete &ourier Tran$3ormation
IDNNS Intra=7omain -AS -ode Se!ector
IEC Internationa! E!ectrotechnica! 'ommi$$ion
IEEE In$titute o3 E!ectrica! and E!ectronic$ Engineer$
IETF Internet Engineering Ta$k &orce (....iet3.org)
IF Intermediate &re4uency
IFFT In#er$e &a$t &ourier Tran$3ormation
IFS Inter&rame Sace
IGMP Internet Grou +u!tica$t /rotoco! (%&' 1112> %&' 223))
IHOSS Internet 9o$ted ?ctet Stream Ser#ice
IIR-F$5'e2 In3inite Imu!$e %e$on$e &i!ter
IKE Internet Key Exchange (%&' 2(08)
IKEv2 Internet Key Exchange rotoco! " #er$ion 2 (%&' (30))
IKMP Internet Key +anagement /rotoco!
$LBC Internet 2o. 6itrate 'odec (%&' 38<1 " %&' 38<2)
List of A!ron&ms
' ;9> '
ILCM Incoming 2eg 'ontro! +ode!
IM In$tant +e$$aging
IMEI Internationa! +o,i!e E4uiment Identity
IMEISV Internationa! +o,i!e E4uiment Identity = amended ,y
So3t.are @er$ion num,er
IMM I++ediate acce$$ arameter
IMPI I/ +u!timedia /ri#ate IdentityP the ri#ate u$er identity o3 an
I+S=$u,$cri,er> 3ormatted a$ an -AI (3GTS 33.203)
IMPU I/ +u!timedia /u,!ic IdentityP the u,!ic u$er identity o3 an
I+S=$u,$cri,er> 3ormatted a$ SI/=*%I or TE2=*%I (3GTS
33.203)
IMS Internet /rotoco! +u!timedia 'ore -et.ork Su,$y$tem (%e!. <
on.ard$)
IMS-AG I+S=Acce$$ Gate.ay
IMS-SSF I/ +u!timedia Su,$y$tem = Ser#ice S.itching &unction
IMSI Internationa! +o,i!e Su,$cri,er Identity
IMT Internationa! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication$
IMT-2*** Internationa! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication$ 3or the year 2000
IN Inte!!igent -et.orking
INAP Inte!!igent -et.ork A!ication /art (''S0)
INT I/=+A' -oti3ication Ta,!e (7@6=9 SI)
IOP Interoera,i!ity (o3 TET%A e4uiment)
I"T Inter3erence o#er Therma! noi$e
IOV Inut " ?33$et @aria,!e :3GTS ((.0)(;
IOV-I = IOV-UI Inut ?33$et @aria,!e 3or IOS and *I=&rame$ (3or cihering in
G/%S)
IP-CAN Internet /rotoco! = 'onnecti#ity Acce$$ -et.ork (e.g. 7S2> T@=
'a,!e> 5i+AE> *+TS)
IP-CS I/='on#ergence Su,!ayer
IPBCP I/ 6earer 'ontro! /rotoco! (IT*=T A.1800)
IPCP Internet /rotoco! 'ontro! /rotoco! (%&' 1332)
IPDC I/ 7ataca$t
IPDV I/=acket de!ay #ariation (IT*=T I.1<(0)
IPER I/=acket error ratio (IT*=T I.1<(0)
IPLR I/=acket !o$$ ratio (IT*=T I.1<(0)
IPR Inte!!ectua! /roerty %ight$
IPsec Internet /rotoco! " $ecure (%&' (301)
IPTD I/=acket tran$3er de!ay (IT*=T I.1<(0)
' ;9? '
IPTV Internet /rotoco! Te!e#i$ion
IPv# Internet /rotoco! (#er$ion ()
IPv Internet /rotoco! (#er$ion ))
I! Inha$e and Auadrature
IR In3ra %ed
IR Incrementa! %edundancy (A%A II)
IS Interim Standard (A-SI Standard)
IS-G> Interim Standard = 8< (Aua!comm '7+A)
ISAKMP Internet Security A$$ociation and Key +anagement /rotoco!
(%&' 2(01)
ISBN Internationa! Standard 6ook -um,er
ISC I/ mu!timedia $u,$y$tem Ser#ice 'ontro!=Inter3ace
ISCP Inter3erence Signa! 'ode /o.er (3GTS 2<.21< " 3GTS 2<.102)
ISCTI I$tituto Sueriore de!!e 'omunicaBioni e de!!e Tecno!ogie
de!!FIn3ormaBione
ISDB Integrated Ser#ice$ 7igita! 6roadca$ting
ISDN Integrated Ser#ice$ 7igita! -et.ork
ISI Inter=Sy$tem Inter3ace
ISI Inter=Sym,o! Inter3erence
ISIM I+S caa,!e Su,$cri,er Identity +odu!e
ISM Indu$tria!> Scienti3ic and +edica! (term 3or !icen$e=3ree
3re4uencie$)
ISO Internationa! StandardiBation ?rganiBation
ISP Internet Ser#ice /ro#ider
ISPC Internationa! Signa!ing /oint 'ode (IT*=T A.001)
ISSI Indi#idua! Short Su,$cri,er Identity
ISUA IS7- *$er Adatation 2ayer
ISUP IS7- *$er /art (IT*=T A.0)1 = A.0)<)
IT In3ormation Techno!ogy
ITSI Indi#idua! TET%A Su,$cri,er Identity
ITU Internationa! Te!ecommunication *nion
ITU-R Internationa! Te!ecommunication *nion =
%adiocommunication$
ITU-T Internationa! Te!ecommunication *nion = Te!ecommunication
Sector
I7-FP Iu=&rame /rotoco! (3GTS 2<.(1<)
IUA IS7- A.821 *$er Adatation 2ayer (%&' (233)
I7H(HS Iu, Inter3ace .ith 9igh Seed connection
I7H-FP Iu,=&rame /rotoco! (3GTS 2<.(20 " 2<.(3<)
List of A!ron&ms
' ;9@ '
I72-FP Iur=&rame /rotoco! (3GTS 2<.(2(> 3GTS 2<.(2<> 2<.(2)>
2<.(3<)
IUT Im!ementation under Te$t
IV Initia!iBation @ector
?D Loint 7etection
?PEG Loint /icture Exert Grou
K+ASME, Key (Acce$$ Security +anagement Entity) (3GTS 33.(01)
FH;s ki!o=,it$ er $econd
KCK EA/?2 Key 'on3irmation Key
KDF Key 7eri#ation &unction (3GTS 33.(01)
KEK Key Encrytion Key (IEEE 102.1))
KEK EA/?2 Key Encrytion Key
FHE Ki!o 9ertB (10
3
9ertB)
KMC Key +anagement 'entre$
KSG Key Stream Generator
KSI Key Set Identi3ier (3GTS 33.(01)
L1 2ayer 1 (hy$ica! !ayer)
L2 2ayer 2 (data !ink !ayer)
L2TP 2ayer 2 Tunne!ing /rotoco! (%&' 2))1)
L3 2ayer 3 (net.ork !ayer)
LA 2ocation Area
LA 2ink Adatation
LAC 2ocation Area 'ode
LACC 2ocation Area 'ountry 'ode
LAI 2ocation Area Identi3ication (2AI N +'' O +-' O 2A') :3GTS
23.003;
LAN 2oca! Area -et.ork
LANC 2ocation Area -et.ork 'ode
LAPB 2ink Acce$$ /rocedure 6a!anced
LAPD 2ink Acce$$ /rotoco! 3or the IS7- 7='hanne!
LAPD- 2ink Acce$$ /rotoco! 3or the 7='hanne! " modi3ied 3or the GS+
air inter3ace (3GTS ((.00))
LAPV> 2ink Acce$$ /rotoco! 3or @<=inter3ace
LATRED 2atency %eduction (5ork item .ithin GE%A-=E#o!ution)
LB 2oad 6a!ancing
LB 2ineariBation 6ur$t
LBS 2ocation 6a$ed Ser#ice
' ;9A '
LCH 2ogica! 'hanne! (3GTS 2<.321 +A'=eh$)
LCH-! 2ineariBation '9anne!> AA+
LCID 2ogica! 'hanne! I7
LCMC-SAP 2ink entity 'ircuit +ode 'ontro! entity = Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
LCP 2ink 'ontro! /rotoco! (///)
LCR 2o. 'hi %ate T77
LCS 2o'ation Ser#ice
LCT 2ayered 'oding Tran$ort
LDAP 2ight.eight 7irectory Acce$$ /rotoco! (%&' 3821)
LDB 2ineariBation 7o.n!ink 6ur$t
LDPC 2o. 7en$ity /arity 'heck
LE 2o.er E33ort /76 (7i33Ser# Term)
LEAP 2ight.eight Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco!
LED 2ight Emitting 7iode
LER 2a,e! Edge %outer (+/2S)
LE& 2oca! Exchange 'arrier
LI 2ength Indicator
LIP 2ocation In3ormation /rotoco!
LIP-SAP 2ocation In3ormation /rotoco! = Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
LLC 2ogica! 2ink 'ontro!=/rotoco!
LLME 2o.er 2ayer +anagement Entity
LMA 2oca! +o,i!ity Anchor (%&' <213)
LMDS 2oca! +u!tioint 7i$tri,ution Ser#ice$
LMM-SAP 2ink entity +o,i!ity +anagement = Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
LMMSE 2inear +inimum +ean S4uare Error recei#er
LMU 2ocation +ea$urement *nit
LNET ?%& AT+ -et.ork
LNM 2oca! -et.ork +anagement
LOG1* 2ogarithm o3 ,a$i$ 10
LOS 2ine ?3 Sight
LP 2o. /riority /ath (+/EG> 7@6)
LPC 2inear /redicti#e 'oding
LPD 2ink /rotoco! 7i$criminator
LR 2ocation %egi$ter
LS 2ine Station
LSB 2ea$t Signi3icant 6it
LSF 2a$t Segment &!ag
List of A!ron&ms
' ;9H '
LSI 2ine Station Inter3ace
LSP 2a,e! S.itched /ath (+/2S)
LSR 2a,e! S.itch %outer (+/2S)
LSSU 2ink Statu$ Signa! *nit
LTE 2ong Term E#o!ution (o3 *+TS)
LTE(ACTIVE 2TE State 3or acti#e acket tran$mi$$ion
LTE(DETACHED 2TE State 3or *E not ,eing regi$tered in the net.ork
LTE(IDLE 2TE State 3or non acti#e acket tran$mi$$ion
LTF 2ong Training &ie!d
LTPD-SAP 2ink entity TET%A /acket 7ata = Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
LUPR 2a$t *$er /o.er %atio
LBS 2ineari$ation do.n!ink Keroed Set
M-H$' +ore ,it
M-TMSI ++E = Temorary +o,i!e Su,$cri,er Identity
M2PA +T/=2 u$er /eer=to=/eer Adatation 2ayer (%&' (1)<)
M2UA +T/=2 *$er Adatation 2ayer (%&' 3331)
M3UA +T/=3 *$er Adatation 2ayer (%&' ())))
MAC +e$$age Authentication 'ode
MAC-A +edium Acce$$ 'ontro! 3or the 7edicated Tran$ort 'hanne!
(3GTS 2<.321)
MAC-e +A'=E=7'9 (3GTS 2<.321)
MAC-e8s +A'=E#o!#ed 9igh Seed
MAC-es +A'=E=7'9 S%-' (3GTS 2<.321)
MAC-8s +A'=9igh Seed (3GTS 2<.321)
MAN +etroo!itan Area -et.ork
MAP +o,i!e A!ication /art (3GTS 28.002)
MAP-B +o,i!e A!ication /art = 6=inter3ace rotoco! ,et.een +S'
and @2%
MAP-& +o,i!e A!ication /art = #ariou$ inter3ace rotoco!$ !ike 6=>
'=> 7=> E=> &= or G=inter3ace
MAR +inimum to A#erage o.er %atio
MASF +inimum A#ai!a,!e Sreading &actor
M.x I&4 %J The #a!ue $ha!! ,e the maximum o3 E or I> .hich e#er i$
,igger
MB$' +ega 6it
MBMS +u!timedia 6roadca$t " +u!tica$t Ser#ice (3GTS 23.2()> 3GTS
' ;:B '
(3.1())
MBMS(RRC(CONN
ECTED
%%' $tate 3or E=+6+S in 2TE
MBR +aximum 6it %ate
MBS +u!tica$t 6roadca$t Ser#ice$
MBSAT +o,i!e 6roadca$t Sate!!ite
MBSFN +6+S Sing!e &re4uency -et.ork
MBWA +o,i!e 6road,and 5ire!e$$ Acce$$ :IEEE 102.20;
MBB +u$t 6e Kero
MCC +o,i!e 'ountry 'ode :IT*=T E.212;
MCCH +ain 'ontro! '9anne!
MCCH +6+S oint=to=mu!tioint 'ontro! 'hanne!
MCH +u!tica$t 'hanne!
MCM +inimum 'ontro! +ode
Mc;s +ega 'hi /er Second
MCS +odu!ation and 'oding Scheme
MCS-& +odu!ation and 'oding Scheme (1 = 8) and 3or 9S7/A "
9S*/A
MCU +u!tioint 'ontro! *nit (9.323 e4uiment)
MD +e$$age 7ige$t a!gorithm (e.g. +7=<)
MD-& +e$$age 7ige$t A!gorithm (+7=2> (> < are de3ined) (+7=< %&'
1321)
MDHO +acro=7i#er$ity 9ando#er
MDSR +odi3ied 7ua! Sym,o! %ate
ME +o,i!e E4uiment (+E O SI+ N +S)
MEGACO +edia Gate.ay 'ontro! /rotoco! (IT*=T 9.2(1 inc!. Annex & =
9 and IET& %&' 301<)
MELPe +ixed Excitation 2inear /redicti#e
MER +e$$age Era$ure %ate
ME& +u!timedia Exchange 2ayer
MExE +o,i!e Station A!ication Execution En#ironment
MGC +edia Gate.ay 'ontro!!er
MGCF +edia Gate.ay 'ontro! &unction
MGCK +odi3ied Grou 'iher key
MGCP +edia Gate.ay 'ontro! /rotoco! (%&' 200<)
MGT +/EG /SI ta,!e$ 3or A%I6
MGW +edia Gate.ay
MHP +u!timedia 9ome /!at3orm
List of A!ron&ms
' ;:9 '
MHE +ega 9ertB (10
)
9ertB)
MIB +a$ter In3ormation 6!ock
MIB +anagement In3ormation 6a$e
MIC +e$$age Integrity 'ode
MICH +6+S -oti3ication Indicator 'hanne!
MIDI +u$ica! In$trument 7igita! Inter3ace
MIH +edia Indeendent 9ando#er (IEEE 102.21)
MII +ini$try o3 In3ormation Indu$try
MIKE% +u!timedia Internet KEIing (%&' 3130)
MIME +u!tiuro$e Internet +ai! Exten$ion$
MIMO +u!ti!e In " +u!ti!e ?ut (antenna $y$tem)
MIN +o,i!e Identity -um,er (-orth American +arket)
M$1 I&4 %J The #a!ue $ha!! ,e the minimum o3 E or I> .hich e#er i$
$ma!!er
MINA +o,i!e Internet -et.ork Architecture
MIP +o,i!e I/ (%&' 2002> 33((> 300<)
MISO +u!ti!e In " Sing!e ?ut (antenna $y$tem)
M$'M +an in the +idd!e (attack)
MLD +u!tica$t 2i$tener 7i$co#ery (%&' 2010)
MLE +o,i!e 2ink Entity
MLME +A' Su,!ayer +anagement Entity
MLP +A' 2ogica! 'hanne! /riority
MLPP +u!ti=2e#e! /recedence and /re=emtion (IT*=T A.1< " '!au$e
3)
MM +o,i!ity +anagement
MMCC +u!timedia 'a!! 'ontro!
MMD I/ +u!timedia 7omain (name o3 the I+S in 3G//2)
MMDS +u!tioint +icro.a#e 7i$tri,ution Sy$tem or +u!ti=channe!
+u!ti=oint 7i$tri,ution Sy$tem
MME +o,i!ity +anagement Entity (3GTS 23.(01) (%e!. 1 on.ard$)
MMEC ++E 'ode
MMEGI ++E Grou Identity
MMEI +o,i!ity +anagement Entity Identity (3GTS 23.003)
MMI +an=+achine=Inter3ace
MMS +u!timedia +e$$aging Ser#ice (3GTS 22.1(0> 3GTS 23.1(0)
MN +u!ti3rame -um,er
MNC +o,i!e -et.ork 'ode
' ;:: '
MNI +o,i!e -et.ork Identity
MNP +o,i!e -um,er /orta,i!ity
MNRG +o,i!e -ot %eacha,!e 3or G/%S 3!ag
MO +o,i!e $tation ?riginating
MOBIKE IKE#2 +o,i!ity and +u!tihoming /rotoco! (%&' (<<<)
MOC +o,i!e ?riginating 'a!!
MOCN +u!ti=?erator 'ore -et.ork
-"A modu!o (,a$e 3or counting)
MOPS +i!!ion ?eration$ /er $econd
MORE +odu!ation ?rder and $ym,o! %ate Enhancement
MOS +ean ?inion Score
MP3 +/EG=1 Audio 2ayer 3
MPCC +u!tiarty 'a!! 'ontro!
MPDU +A' /rotoco! 7ata *nit
MPE +u!ti /rotoco! Enca$u!ation (7@6=9)
MPEG +otion /icture Exert Grou
MPEG2-TS +/EG=2 Tran$ort Stream (7@6)
MPLS +u!ti /rotoco! 2a,e! S.itching
MPN +onitoring /attern -um,er
MPRACH +6+S /acket %andom Acce$$ 'hanne! ((E)G/%S)
MRC +aximum %atio 'om,ining
MRF +u!timedia %e$ource &unction
MRFC +u!timedia %e$ource &unction 'ontro!!er
MRFP +u!timedia %e$ource &unction /roce$$or
MRU +aximum %ecei#e *nit (///)
MRW +o#e %ecei#ing 5indo.
MS +o,i!e Su,$cri,er Station :IEEE 102.1);
MS +o,i!e Station
MS-ISDN +o,i!e Su,$cri,er = Internationa! Ser#ice 7irectory -um,er
MS-PD +u!ti$!ot /acket 7ata
MSB +o$t Signi3icant 6it
MSC +o,i!e Ser#ice$ S.itching 'enter
MSC-S +S'=Ser#er
MSCH +6+S oint=to=mu!tioint Schedu!ing 'hanne!
MSDU +A' Ser#ice 7ata *nit
MSK +a$ter Se$$ion Key
MSRD +o,i!e Station %ecei#e 7i#er$ity
List of A!ron&ms
' ;:; '
MSRN +o,i!e Station %oaming -um,er
MSRP +e$$age Se$$ion %e!ay /rotoco! (dra3t=iet3=$im!e=me$$age=
$e$$ion$=EE)
MSS +aximum Segment SiBe (T'/)
MST +u!ti!e S!ot Tran$mi$$ion
MSU +e$$age Signa! *nit
MT +o,i!e Termina! or +o,i!e Terminating
MT* +o,i!e $tation Termination tye 0
MT2 +o,i!e $tation Termination tye 2
MTBF +ean Time 6et.een &ai!ure
MTC +o,i!e Terminating 'a!!
MTCH +6+S oint=to=mu!tioint Tra33ic 'hanne!
MTK +6+S Tra33ic Key
MTP +e$$age Tran$3er /art (IT*=T A.001 = A.008)
MTP-3H +e$$age Tran$3er /art !e#e! 3 " ,road,and (IT*=T A.2210)
MTTR +ean Time To %eair
MTU +aximum Tran$mit *nit (I/)
MUD +u!ti=*$er=7etection unit
MU& +u!ti!ex
MVNO +o,i!e @irtua! -et.ork ?erator
N-PDU -et.ork=/rotoco! 7ata *nit (I/=/acket> E.2<=&rame)
N-SAW -='hanne! Sto and 5ait (3GTS 2<.308> 3GT% 2<.1(1)
N+R, %ecei#ed S7* (T2=S7*) -um,er
N+S, Sent S7* (T2=S7*) -um,er
NACC -et.ork A$$i$ted 'e!! 'hange (3GTS ((.0)0)
NACK -egati#e Ackno.!edgement
NAF -et.ork A!ication &unction (art o3 the Generic
Authentication Architecture (GAA))
NAI -et.ork Acce$$ Identi3ier (%&' 2(1))
NAP -et.ork Acce$$ /ro#ider
NAPT -et.ork Addre$$ /ort Tran$!ation (%&' 3022)
NAPTR -aming Authority /ointer (%&' 281<)
NASS -et.ork Attachment Su,Sy$tem (art o3 the TIS/A- -G-=
architecture)
NAT -et.ork Addre$$ Tran$!ation (%&' 1)31)
NATO -orth At!antic Treaty ?rgani$ation
NAV -et.ork A!!ocation @ector
' ;:= '
NBAP -ode6 A!ication /art (3GTS 2<.(33)
NBM -et.ork 6a$ed +o,i!ity
NBNS -et6io$ -ame Ser#ice
NC -et.ork 'ontro!
NC -et.ork 'onnection
NC -eigh,or 'e!!
NCC -et.ork 'o!or 'ode
NCM -orma! 'ontro! +ode
NCP -et.ork 'ontro! /rotoco! (///)
NDB -orma! 7o.n!ink 6ur$t
NDI -e. 7ata Indicator
NEMO -et.ork +o,i!ity (%&' 38)3)
NGMN -ext Generation +o,i!e -et.ork$
NGN -ext Generation -et.ork$
NI -et.ork Indicator
NIC -et.ork Inter3ace 'ard
NIT -et.ork In3ormation Ta,!e (+/EG2=TS /SI> 7@6=SI)
NLOS -on 2ine ?3 Sight
NMS -et.ork +anagement Su,$y$tem
NMT -ordic +o,i!e Te!ehone (ana!og ce!!u!ar $tandard> main!y
u$ed in Scandina#ia)
NNI -et.ork=to=-et.ork Inter3ace
NOM -et.ork ?eration +ode :3GTS 23.0)0;
NPB -ext /artia! 6itma
NPM -on=/er$i$tent +ode
NRA -ationa! %egu!atory Admini$tration
NRI -et.ork %e$ource Identi3ier
NS -et.ork Ser#ice
NS-VC -et.ork Ser#ice = @irtua! 'onnection
NS-VCG -et.ork Ser#ice = @irtua! 'onnection Grou
NS-VL -et.ork Ser#ice = @irtua! 2ink
NSAP -et.ork Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
NSAPI -et.ork Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint Identi3ier
NSE -et.ork Ser#ice Entity
NSF -AS -ode Se!ection 3unction
NSIS -ext Ste$ in Signa!ing (%&' (010)
NSLP -SIS Signa!ing 2ayer /rotoco! (e.g. 3or re$ource re$er#ation)
List of A!ron&ms
' ;:> '
NSP -et.ork Ser#ice /ro#ider
NSPC -ationa! Signa!ing /oint 'ode
NSR -orma! Sym,o! %ate
NSS -et.ork S.itching Su,$y$tem
NT -et.ork Termination
NTSC -ationa! Te!e#i$ion Sy$tem 'ommittee (#ideo $tandard 3or
-orth America)
NUB -orma! *!ink 6ur$t
NWG -et.ork 5orking Grou (5i+AE &orum)
O-H$' ?tiona! ,it
O&M ?eration and +aintenance
OCNS ?rthogona! 'hanne! -oi$e Simu!ator
OCS ?n!ine 'harging Sy$tem (3GTS 23.203)
Oc'e' 1 ,it
OFCS ?33!ine 'harging Sy$tem (3GTS 23.203)
OFDM ?rthogona! &re4uency 7i#i$ion +u!ti!exing
OFDMA ?rthogona! &re4uency 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
OFUSC ?tiona! &*S' (&u!! *$age o3 Su,channe!$)
OLCM ?utgoing 2eg 'ontro! +ode!
OMA ?en +o,i!e A!!iance (httC""....oenmo,i!ea!!iance.org")
OMAC ?ne=Key '6'=+A' (-IST $tandardC S/ 100=316 and
httC""c$rc.ni$t.go#"'rytoToo!kit"mode$"roo$edmode$")
OMAP ?eration J +aintenance A!ication /art
OMC ?eration and +aintenance 'enter
O"BTC ?ut o3 6and Tran$coder 'ontro! (3GTS 23.1<3)
OOK ?n ?&& Keying
OP ?tiona!
OPC ?riginating /oint 'ode
OPE& ?erationa! Exenditure
OPUSC ?tiona! /*S' (/artia! *$age o3 Su,channe!$)
OPWA ?ne /a$$ 5ith Ad#erti$ing (Term in %S@/)
ORF ?e$terreichi$cher %und3unk
OSA ?en Ser#ice Acce$$
OSA-SCS ?en Ser#ice Acce$$ = Ser#ice 'aa,i!ity Ser#er
OSCP ?n!ine 'erti3icate Statu$ /rotoco! (%&' 2<)0)
OSI ?en Sy$tem Interconnection
OSP ?ctet Stream /rotoco!
' ;:? '
OSPF ?en Shorte$t /ath &ir$t
OTAR ?#er The Air %e=keying
OTDOA ?,$er#ed Time 7i33erence ?3 Arri#a!
OVSF ?rthogona! @aria,!e Sreading &actor
P-CCPCH /rimary 'ommon 'ontro! /hy$ica! 'hanne! (*+TS " u$ed a$
,earer 3or the 6'9 Tr'9)
P-CPICH /rimary 'ommon /i!ot 'hanne! (*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne!)
P-CSCF /roxy 'a!! Se$$ion 'ontro! &unction (SI/)
P-GW /acket 7ata -et.ork Gate.ay (art o3 E/')
P-SCH /rimary SynchroniBation 'hanne!
P-TMSI /acket T+SI
;=#-D!PSK "(=$hi3ted 7i33erentia! Auaternary /ha$e Shi3t Keying
;=<-D<PSK "1=$hi3ted 7i33erentia! 1 /ha$e Shi3t Keying
P=F-B$' /o!!ing"&ina! = 6it
P=S /ara!!e! to Seria!
PA /re$ence Agent (%&' 31<))
PA /o.er Am!i3ier
PA /ede$trian A mo,i!e radio channe!
PAB& /ri#ate Automatic 6ranch Exchange
PAC /rotected Acce$$ 'redentia!
PACCH /acket A$$ociated 'ontro! 'hanne! ((E)G/%S)
PAC! /ro,a,i!ity o3 $ynchroniBation ,ur$t A'Aui$ition
PACS /er$ona! Acce$$ 'ommunication Sy$tem
PAD /acket A$$em,!y 7i$a$$em,!y
PAGCH /acket Acce$$ Grant 'hanne! ((E)G/%S)
PAL /ha$e A!ternating 2ine (T@ -orm)
PAMR /u,!ic Acce$$ +o,i!e %adio
PAN /iggy,acked Ack"-ack
PAP /a$$.ord Authentication /rotoco! (%&' 133()
PAPR /eak=to=A#erage /o.er %atio
PAR /eak to A#erage o.er %atio
PAT /rogram A$$ocation Ta,!e (+/EG2=TS)
PB /ede$trian 6 mo,i!e radio channe!
PBCC /acket 6inary 'on#o!utiona! 'ode
PBCCH /acket 6roadca$t 'ontro! 'hanne! ((E)G/%S)
PBCH /hy$ica! 6roadca$t 'hanne!
PBS /eak 6ur$t SiBe
List of A!ron&ms
' ;:@ '
PC /rotoco! 'ontro!
PC /rotoco! '!a$$ (S''/)
PC /o.er 'ontro!
PC /oint 'oordinator
PC /er$ona! 'omuter
PC /aging 'ontro!!er
PCC /o!icy and 'harging 'ontro! (3GTS 23.203)
PCCC /ara!!e! 'oncatenated 'on#o!utiona! 'ode (o$$i,!e Tur,o
'oding Scheme)
PCCCH /acket 'ommon 'ontro! 'hanne! ((E)G/%S)
PCCH /aging 'ontro! 'hanne!
PCEF /o!icy and 'harging En3orcement &unction (3GTS 23.203)
PCF /oint 'oordination &unction
PCFICH /hy$ica! 'ontro! &ormat Indicator 'hanne!
PCH /aging 'hanne!
PCI /recoding 'ontro! Indication
PCI /erihera! 'omonent Interconnect (comuter ,u$ $tandard
to interconnect erihera!$ to the '/*)
PCM /u!$e 'ode +odu!ation
PCN /er$ona! 'ommunication -et.ork
PCOMP /rotoco! '?+re$$ion /rotoco!
PCPCH /hy$ica! 'ommon /acket 'hanne! (*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne!)
PCR /rogram '!ock %e3erence (+/EG)
PCRF /o!icy and 'harging %u!e$ &unction (3GTS 23.203)
PCS /er$ona! 'ommunication Sy$tem
PCU /acket 'ontro! *nit
PD /acket 7ata
PDA /er$ona! 7igita! A$$i$tant
PDB /er 7omain 6eha#ior (7i33Ser# Term)
PDB /acket 7e!ay 6udget
PDBF /ro3i!e 7ata6a$e &unction (TIS/A- term " ETSI ES 212 00()
PDC /er$ona! 7igita! 'ommunication (A%I6=Standard)
PDCCH /hy$ica! 7o.n!ink 'ontro! 'hanne!
PDCH /acket 7ata 'hanne!
PDF /ro,a,i!ity 7en$ity &unction
' ;:A '
PDF /o!icy 7eci$ion &unction (/art o3 the I/ +u!timedia Su,$y$tem)
PDG /acket 7ata Gate.ay
PDH /!e$iochronou$ 7igita! 9ierarchy
PDN-GW /acket 7ata -et.ork Gate.ay (art o3 E/')
PDO /acket 7ata ?timi$ed
PDP /acket 7ata /rotoco!
PDS /o.er 7en$ity Sectrum
PDS /acket 7ata Su,$y$tem (3G//2)
PDSCH /hy$ica! 7o.n!ink Shared 'hanne!
PDSN /acket 7ata Suort -ode (the SGS- in 3G//2)
PDTCH /acket 7ata Tra33ic 'hanne! ((E)G/%S)
PDU /rotoco! 7ata *nit or /acket 7ata *nit
PEAP /rotected Exten$i,!e Authentication /rotoco!
PEI /erihera! E4uiment Inter3ace
PEP /o!icy En3orcement /oint (3GTS 23.208)
PER /acked Encoding %u!e$ (IT*=T E.)81)
PES /acketi$ed E!ementary Stream (7@6)
PES /ST-"IS7- Emu!ation Su,$y$tem (art o3 the TIS/A- -G-=
architecture)
PFC /acket &!o. 'ontext
PFI /acket &!o. Identi3ier
PG /roce$$ing GainC 10 Q 2?G10 (3.1( +c$ " u$erHdataHrate)
PHB /er 9o 6eha#ior (7i33Ser# Term)
P8CH /hy$ica! 'hanne!
PHICH /hy$ica! 9A%A Ackno.!edgement Indicator 'hanne!
PHS /er$ona! 9andy hone Sy$tem
PHS /ay!oad 9eader Sure$$ion (IEEE 102.1))
PH% /hy$ica! 2ayer
PHE /eta 9ertB (10
1<
9ertB)
PI /riority Indicator
PI /aging Indicator
PICH /age Indicator 'hanne! (*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne!)
PICMG /'I (/erihera! 'omonent Interconnect) Indu$tria! 'omuter
+anu3acturer$ Grou (httC""....icmg.org")
PICS /rotoco! Im!ementation 'on3ormance Statement
PID /acket Identi3ier (+/EG2=TS)
List of A!ron&ms
' ;:H '
PIDF /re$ence In3ormation 7ata &ormat (%&' 31)3)
PIFS /oint (coordination 3unction) Inter&rame Sace
PIN /er$ona! Identi3ication -um,er
PIR /eak In3ormation %ate
PI&IT /rotoco! Im!ementation Extra In3ormation 3or Te$ting
PKCS /u,!ic Key 'rytograhy Standard
PKI /u,!ic Key In3ra$tructure
PKMv2 /ri#acy Key +anagement @er$ion 2
PL /uncturing 2imit (3GTS 2<.212)
PL /hy$ica! 2ayer
PL-SAP /acket !ink 2ayer Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
PLC /o.er 2ine 'ommunication$
PLCP /hy$ica! 2ayer 'on#ergence /rocedure
PL-.x E=7'9 maximum /uncturing 2imit (3GTS 2<.212)
PLME /hy$ica! 2ayer +anagement Entity
PL1"1--.x /uncturing 2imit not re4uiring maximum hy$ica! channe!$
(3GTS 2<.212)
PLR /acket 2o$$ %ate
PLW /7S* 2ength 5ord
PMCH /hy$ica! +u!tica$t 'hanne!
PMD /hy$ica! +edium 7eendent
PMI /recoding +atrix Indicator
PMIP /roxy +o,i!e I/
PMIPv /roxy +o,i!e I/#) (%&' <213)
PMK /air.i$e +a$ter Key
PMKID /air.i$e +a$ter Key Identity
PMKSA /air.i$e +a$ter Key Security A$$ociation
PMM /acket +o,i!ity +anagement
PMR /ro3e$$iona! +o,i!e %adio
PMR /ri#ate +o,i!e %adio
PMT /rogram +a Ta,!e (+/EG2=TS)
PMTU /ath +T*
PN /$eudo -oi$e
PN /acket -um,er
PNCH /acket -oti3ication 'hanne! ((E)G/%S)
PNG /orta,!e -et.ork Grahic$
' ;;B '
PO /o.er ?33$et
P"C /u$h to ta!k o#er 'e!!u!ar (3GT% 28.808 and #ariou$ ?+A=
$eci3ication$)
P"E /o.er o#er Ethernet
POP /o$t ?33ice /rotoco! (%&' 1838)
POP3 /o$t ?33ice /rotoco! #er$ion 3
POTS /!ain ?!d Te!ehone Ser#ice
PPCH /acket /aging 'hanne! ((E)G/%S)
PPDU /2'/ /rotoco! 7ata *nit
PPM /u!$e /o$ition +odu!ation
PPP /oint=to=/oint /rotoco! (%&' 1))1)
PRA /'/'9 %e$ource A#ai!a,i!ity
PRACH /hy$ica! %andom Acce$$ 'hanne!
PRACH /acket %andom Acce$$ 'hanne!
PRACK /ro#i$iona! %e$on$e Ackno.!edgement (SI/=method tye)
PRD 6!uetooth Aua!i3ication /rogram %e3erence 7ocument
PRF /$eudo %andom &unction
PRI /rimary rate acce$$ IS7-=u$er inter3ace 3or /A6EF$ (23 or 30
6=channe!$ !u$ one 7='hanne!)
PRNG /$eudo %andom -um,er Generator
PS /uncturing Scheme
PS /rogram Stream
PS /o.er Sa#e
PS /hy$ica! S!ot (IEEE 102.1))
PS /acket S.itched
PSC /rimary SynchroniBation 'ode or /rimary Scram,!ing 'ode
(,oth u$ed in *+TS)
PSD /o.er Sectra! 7en$ity (3GTS 2<.21< " 3GTS 2<.102)
PSDU /2'/ Ser#ice 7ata *nit
PSF /2'/ Signa!ing &ie!d
PSI /rogram Seci3ic In3ormation (+/EG2=TS)
PSIP +/EG /SI ta,!e$ 3or A%I6> $imi!ar to 7@6=/SI
PSK /re$hared Key
PSK /ha$e Shi3t Keying
PSPDN /acket S.itched /u,!ic 7ata -et.ork
PSS 1 /ri#ate integrated Signa!!ing Sy$tem -o. 1
PSTN /u,!ic S.itched Te!ehone -et.ork
PT /rotoco! Tye (GT/ or GT/F)
List of A!ron&ms
' ;;9 '
PTCCH /acket Timing Ad#ance 'ontro! 'hanne! ((E)G/%S)
PTCCH=D /acket Timing Ad#ance 'ontro! 'hanne! " 7o.n!ink 7irection
((E)G/%S)
PTCCH=U /acket Timing Ad#ance 'ontro! 'hanne! " *!ink 7irection
((E)G/%S)
PTI /rocedure Tran$action Identity
PTK /air.i$e Tran$ient Key
PTKSA /air.i$e Tran$ient Key Security A$$ociation
PTM /oint to +u!tioint
PTP /oint to /oint
PTS /re$entation Time Stam
PTT /o$t> Te!ehone J Te!egrah (a,,re#iation 3or the 3ormer
go#ernment o.ned organiBation$ that .ere re$on$i,!e 3or a!!
three $er#ice$)
PUA /re$ence *$er Agent (%&' 31<))
PUCCH /hy$ica! *!ink 'ontro! 'hanne!
PUEM /ro,a,i!ity o3 *ndetected Erroneou$ +e$$age
PUSC /artia! *$age o3 Su,channe!$
PUSCH /hy$ica! *!ink Shared 'hanne!
PVC /ermanent @irtua! 'ircuit
!AM n $ym,o!$ Auadrature Am!itude +odu!ation (n N 1)> 32>
)(> ...)
!AP AoS A$$e$$ /oint
!BSS Aua!ity o3 Ser#ice 6a$ic Ser#ice Set
!CI AoS '!a$$ Identi3ier (3GTS 23.203)
!CIF Auarter 'ommon Intermediate &ormat (10) x 1(( ixe!$ IT*=
T 92)1 " 92)3)
!E Aua!ity E$timate
!PSK Auadrature /ha$e Shi3t Keying
!SIG A=inter3ace $igna!ing rotoco!
!STA Aua!ity o3 Ser#ice Station
R-GSM %ai!.ay$=GS+
RA %outing Area
RA %egi$tered Area
RA %ecei#e Addre$$
RA-RNTI %andom Acce$$ %adio -et.ork Temorary Identi3ier
RAA %E=Auth=An$.er command (7iameter 6ASE> %&' 3<11)
RAB %andom Acce$$ u!ink 6ur$t
' ;;: '
RAB %adio Acce$$ 6earer
RAC %outing Area 'ode
RAC %adio Admi$$ion 'ontro!
RACC %outing Area 'o!or 'ode :3GTS ((.011 (10.<.2.3();
RACH %andom Acce$$ 'hanne!
RACS %e$ource and Admi$$ion 'ontro! Su,$y$tem (art o3 the
TIS/A- -G-=architecture)
RADIUS %emote Authentication 7ia! In *$er Ser#ice (%&' 21)<)
RAI %outing Area Identi3ication
RAM %andom Acce$$ +emory
RAN %adio Acce$$ -et.ork
RANAP %adio Acce$$ -et.ork A!ication /art (3GTS 2<.(13)
RAND %andom -um,er
RAR %E=Auth=%e4ue$t command (7iameter 6ASE> %&' 3<11)
RAT %adio Acce$$ Techno!ogy (e.g. GE%A-> *T%A-> ...)
RATSCCH %o,u$t A+% Tra33ic SynchroniBed 'ontro! '9anne!
RB %e$ource 6!ock
RB %ecei#e 6!ock 6itma (EG/%S)
RB %adio 6earer
RBB %ecei#e 6!ock 6itma (G/%S)
RBC %adio 6earer 'ontro!
RBPSCH Shared 6a$ic /hy$ica! Su,'9anne!
RC# %i#e$t 'iher (
RCPC %ate 'omati,!e /unctured 'on#o!utiona!
RDC %adio 7o.n!ink 'ounter
RDC-NC %adio 7o.n!ink 'ounter = -on 'on3orming channe!
RDC-! %adio 7o.n!ink 'ounter> AA+
RED %andom Ear!y 7etection
RED %Educed $ym,o! 7uration
RE? %eGect
RE! %e4ue$t ('?/S me$$age tye)
RES %e$on$e
RF %adio &re4uency
RFC %e4ue$t 3or 'omment$ (Internet Standard$)
RFID %adio &re4uency Identi3ication
RG %e!ati#e Grant (3GTS 2<.308)
RIP %outing In3ormation /rotoco!
List of A!ron&ms
' ;;; '
RL %adio 2ink (3GTS 2<.(33)
RL-TBF %educed 2atency Temorary 6!ock &!o. :3GTS (3.0)(;
RLM %adio 2ink +anagement (/rotoco! /art on the GS+ A,i$=
Inter3ace " 3GTS (1.0<1)
RLP %adio 2ink /rotoco! (3GTS 2(.022)
RLS %adio 2ink Set (3GTS 2<.308> 2<.(33)
RM %eed=+u!!er
RM %ate +atching
RMS %oot +ean S4uare
RNL %adio -et.ork 2ayer
RNR %ecei#e -ot %eady
RNS %adio -et.ork Su,$y$tem
RNSAP %adio -et.ork Su,$y$tem A!ication /art (3GTS 2<.(23)
RNSN %adio -et.ork Ser#ing -ode
ROHC %o,u$t 9eader 'omre$$ion
ROI %eturn ?n In#e$t
R"";e>3vISO Internationa! ?rganiBation 3or StandardiBation
R"T %i$e o#er Therma! (inter3erence ri$e re!ati#e to Bero !oad)
RPE=LTP %egu!ar /u!$e Excitation " 2ong Term /rediction (Seech
'odec)
RPID %ich /re$ence In3ormation 7ata
RPLMN %egi$tered /2+-
RPR %e$i!ient /acket %ing (IEEE 102.10)
RR %ecei#e %eady (2A/7"22'"%2/=&rame Tye)
RR %adio %e$ource +anagement
RRA %adio %e$ource Agent
RRBP %e!ati#e %e$er#ed 6!ock /eriod
RRC(CONNECTED %%' $tate in E=*T%A
RRC(IDLE %%' $tate
RRC(MBMS(CONN
ECTED
%%' $tate in E=*T%A 3or *E$ .ith +6+S $er#ice on!y
RRC-F$5'e2 %oot %ai$ed 'o$ine &i!ter
RRLP %adio %e$ource 2'S /rotoco!
' ;;= '
RRM %adio %e$ource +anagement
RS %e3erence Signa!
RSA %on %i#e$t> Adi Shamir and 2eonard Ad!eman=a!gorithm
(/u,!ic Key Encrytion " /K'S R1)
RSADP %SA=7ecrytion /rimiti#e (%&' 3((0 (<.1.2) or /K'S R1
(<.1.2)P /K'S N /u,!ic Key 'rytograhy Standard)
RSAEP %SA=Encrytion /rimiti#e (%&' 3((0 (<.1.1) or /K'S R1
(<.1.1)P /K'S N /u,!ic Key 'rytograhy Standard)
RSAES-OAEP %SA Encrytion Scheme = ?tima! A$ymmetric Encrytion
/adding (/K'S R1 " %&' 3((0)
RSC %ecur$i#e Sy$tematic 'on#o!utiona! 'oder (Tur,o 'oding>
2<.212)
RSCP %ecei#ed Signa! 'ode /o.er (3GTS 2<.21<)
RSN %etran$mi$$ion Se4uence -um,er (3GTS 2<.308> 2<.212)
RSNA %o,u$t Security -et.ork A$$ociation
RSR! %e3erence Signa! %ecei#ed Aua!ity
RSSI %ecei#ed Signa! Strength Indicator
RST %unning Statu$ Ta,!e (7@6=SI)
RSTD %e3erence Signa! Time 7i33erence
RSVP %e$ource %e$er#ation /rotoco! (%&' 220<)
RT %ea! Time
RTCM %adio Technica! 'ommi$$ion 3or +aritime Ser#ice$
RTCP %ea!=time Tran$ort 'ontro! /rotoco!
RTG %ecei#e tran$mit Tran$ition Ga (IEEE 102.1) (3.(<)) the time
,et.een an u!ink $u,3rame and the $u,$e4uent do.n!ink
$u,3rame in a T77=$y$tem
RTO %etran$mi$$ion Time ?ut
RTP %ea!=time Tran$ort /rotoco! (%&' 3<<0> %&' 3<<1)
RTP=AVP %ea!=time Tran$ort /rotoco! " Audio @ideo /ro3i!e (%&' 3<<1)
(u$ed in S7/=de$crition$)
RTP=AVPF %ea!=time Tran$ort /rotoco! " extended Audio @ideo /ro3i!e
3or rtc &eed,ack (u$ed in S7/=de$crition$)(dra3t=iet3=a#t=
rtc=3eed,ack=11.txt)
RTP=SAVP %ea!=time Tran$ort /rotoco! " Secure Audio @ideo /ro3i!e (%&'
3011) (u$ed in S7/=de$crition$)
RTS %e4ue$t To Send
RTSP %ea! Time Streaming /rotoco! (%&' 232))
RTT %ound Tri Time
RTTI %educed Tran$mi$$ion Time Inter#a!
RTTVAR %ound Tri Time @ariation
List of A!ron&ms
' ;;> '
RTWP %ecei#ed Tota! 5ide,and /o.er
RUIM %emo#a,!e *$er Identity +odu!e
RV %edundancy and 'on$te!!ation @er$ion (3GTS 2<.212)
Rx %ecei#e(r)
R& %ecei#e
S-CCPCH Secondary 'ommon 'ontro! /hy$ica! 'hanne! (u$ed a$ ,earer
3or the &A'9 and /'9 Tr'9F$ " *+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne!)
S-CPICH Secondary 'ommon /i!ot 'hanne! (*+TS /hy$ica! 'hanne!)
S-CSCF Ser#ing 'a!! Se$$ion 'ontro! &unction (SI/)
S-SCH Secondary SynchroniBation 'hanne! (hy$ica!)
S-TMSI SAE Temorary +o,i!e Su,$cri,er Identity
S+R, %ecei#ed $egment Se4uence num,er
S+S, Sent $egment Se4uence num,er
S=P Seria! to /ara!!e!
S1-AP S1=inter3ace A!ication /art rotoco! (3GTS 3).(13)
SA Sy$tem Architecture
SA Source Addre$$
SA Ser#ice Area
SA Security A$$ociation
SAAL-NNI Signa!ing AT+ Adatation 2ayer = -et.ork -ode Inter3ace
SAB Ser#ice Area 6roadca$t
SABM+E, Set A$ynchronou$ 6a!anced +ode (Extended 3or +odu!o 121
oeration) (2A/7"22'"%2/=&rame Tye)
SABP Ser#ice Area 6roadca$t /rotoco! (3GTS 2<.(18)
SACCH S!o. A$$ociated 'ontro! 'hanne! (GS+)
SACCH=MD SA''9 +u!ti$!ot 7o.n!ink (re!ated contro! channe! o3
T'9"&7"GS+)
SACK Se!ecti#e Ackno.!edgement
SAI Ser#ice Area Identi3ier
SAIC Sing!e Antenna Inter3erence 'ance!!ation
SANC Signa!ing Area -et.ork 'ode (IT*=T A.001)
SAP Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
SAPI Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint Identi3ier
SAR Seci3ic A,$ortion %ate
SAR Segmentation And %ea$$em,!y (AT+=$u,!ayer)
SAT Sate!!ite
' ;;? '
SAW Sto and 5ait +achine
SB SynchroniBation do.n!ink 6ur$t
SB Schedu!ing 6!ock
SBC Se$$ion 6order 'ontro!!er (SI/ term> u$ua!!y a 626*A .ith
-AT=3unction and media gate.ay)
SBLP Ser#ice 6a$ed 2oca! /o!icy
SBN Source 6!ock -um,er
SBPSCH Shared 6a$ic /hy$ica! Su,'9anne!
SC Su,carrier
SC Ser#ing 'e!!
SC-FDMA Sing!e 'arrier &re4uency 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
SCCH Secondary 'ontro! '9anne!
SCCP Signa!ing 'onnection 'ontro! /art (IT*=T A.011 = A.01()
SCF Ser#ice 'ontro! &unction ('A+E2)
SCH SynchroniBation 'hanne!
SCH Signa!!ing '9anne!
SCH-P<=F Signa!!ing '9anne!> i"1=71/SK> &u!! $iBe
SCH-P<=HD Signa!!ing '9anne!> i"1=71/SK> 9a!3 $iBe 7o.n!ink
SCH-P<=HU Signa!!ing '9anne!> i"1=71/SK> 9a!3 $iBe *!ink
SCH-! Signa!!ing '9anne!> AA+
SCH-!=D Signa!!ing '9anne!> AA+ &u!! $iBe 7o.n!ink
SCH-!=HU Signa!!ing '9anne!> AA+ 9a!3 $iBe *!ink
SCH-!=RA Signa!!ing '9anne!> AA+ %andom Acce$$ *!ink
SCH-!=U Signa!!ing '9anne!> AA+ &u!! $iBe *!ink
SCH=F Signa!!ing '9anne!> &u!! $iBe
SCH=HD Signa!!ing '9anne!> 9a!3 $iBe 7o.n!ink
SCH=HU Signa!!ing '9anne!> 9a!3 $iBe *!ink
SCK Static 'iher Key
SCLNS Seci3ic 'onnection2e$$ -et.ork Ser#ice
SCN S.itching 'ontro! -ode
SCP Ser#ice 'ontro! /oint (I-)
SCR Source 'ontro!!ed %ate
SCTP Stream 'ontro! Tran$mi$$ion /rotoco! (%&' 28)0)
SD Sam!e 7uration
SDCCH Stand A!one 7edicated 'ontro! 'hanne!
SDH Synchronou$ 7igita! 9ierarchy
SDK So3t.are 7e#e!oment Kit
List of A!ron&ms
' ;;@ '
SDMA Sace 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
SDP Se$$ion 7e$crition /rotoco! (%&' 2320> %&' 32))> %&' 32)()
SDS Short 7ata Ser#ice
SDT Ser#ice 7e$crition Ta,!e (7@6=SI)
SDTI Short 7ate Tye Identi3ier
SDTV Standard 7e3inition T@
SDU Ser#ice 7ata *nit (the ay!oad o3 a /7*)
SEG Security Gate.ay
SEP Signa!ing End /oint (''S0)
SF Sreading &actor
SF S!ot &!ag
SFBC Sace &re4uency 6!ock 'ode$
SFD Start &rame 7e!imiter
SFH S!o. &re4uency 9oing
SFID Ser#ice &!o. Identity
SFN Sy$tem &rame -um,er
SFN Sing!e &re4uency -et.ork
SFPG Security and &raud /re#ention Grou
SG Ser#ing Grant re$ecti#e!y /o.er Grant (3GTS 2<.213>
2<.308> 2<.321)
SG Security Gate.ay (I/$ec " %&' 2(01)
SGCP Sim!e Gate.ay 'ontro! /rotoco!
SG$ %e3erence /oint in 2TE
SGLUPR 2a$t *$ed /o.er %atio according to SG ta,!e index (3GTS
2<.321)
SGsAP SG$=inter3ace A!ication /art rotoco! (3GTS 28.111)
SGW Signa!ing Gate.ay
SHA Secure 9a$h A!gorithm
SHCCH Shared 'hanne! 'ontro! 'hanne! (*+TS 2ogica! 'hanne! " T77
on!y)
SHO So3t 9ando#er (*E i$ ha#ing more than one radio !ink at the
$ame time and com,ine$ them)
SI Ser#ice In3ormation
SI Ser#ice Indicator
SI Segment Indicator
SI Schedu!ing In3o
' ;;A '
SIB 2SS* .ith $tatu$ indication ,u$y
SIC Seria! Inter3erence 'ance!!ation
SICH-! S!ot In3ormation '9anne!> AA+
SICH-!=D S!ot In3ormation '9anne!> AA+ 7o.n!ink
SICH-!=U S!ot In3ormation '9anne!> AA+ *!ink
SID SiBe In7ex (3G// 2<.321)
SID Si!ence In$ertion 7e$critor
SIE 2SS* .ith $tatu$ indication emergency a!ignment
SIF Signa!ing In3ormation &ie!d
SIFS Short Inter&rame Sace
SIG Secia! Intere$t Grou (e.g. 6!uetooth)
SIG! Signa!ing Aueue
SIGTRAN Signa!ing Tran$ort (%&' 2018)
SIM Su,$cri,er Identity +odu!e
SIMO Sing!e In " +u!ti!e ?ut (antenna $y$tem)
SIN 2SS* .ith $tatu$ indication norma! a!ignment
SIO Ser#ice In3ormation ?ctet
SIO 2SS* .ith $tatu$ indication out o3 a!ignment
SIOS 2SS* .ith $tatu$ indication out o3 $er#ice
SIP Se$$ion Initiation /rotoco! (%&' 32)1)
SIP-AS SI/=A!ication Ser#er
SIP-B SI/ 3or 6u$ine$$e$ (a,,re#iation 3or a $et o3 /A6E=$eci3ic
SI/=exten$ion$)
SIP-I SI/ .ith enca$u!ated IS*/ (IT*=T A.1812.<)
SIP-T SI/ 3or Te!ehone$ (%&' 3302> %&' 3381)
SIPO 2SS* .ith $tatu$ indication roce$$or outage
SI! Ser#ice In3ormation Auery
SIR Signa! to Inter3erence %atio
SISO Sing!e In " Sing!e ?ut (antenna $y$tem)
SLA Ser#ice 2e#e! Agreement
SLC Signa!ing 2ink 'ode
SLF Su,$cri,er 2ocator &unction
SLR Source 2oca! %e3erence
SLS Signa!ing 2ink Se!ection
SLTA Signa!ing 2ink Te$t Ackno.!edge
SLTM Signa!ing 2ink Te$t +e$$age
SM Se$$ion +anagement (3GTS 23.0)0> 3GTS 2(.001)
List of A!ron&ms
' ;;H '
SM-SC Short +e$$age Ser#ice 'enter
SME Station +anagement Entity
SME Sma!! and +edium $iBe Enterri$e$ (Tye o3 6u$ine$$)
SMG Secia! +o,i!e Grou
SMI Short +anagement Identity
SMIL SynchroniBed +u!timedia Integration 2anguage
SMKSA Station to Station !ink +a$ter key Security A$$ociation
SMLC Gate.ay +o,i!e 2ocation 'enter
SMS Short +e$$age Ser#ice (3GTS 2(.011> 3GTS 23.0(0)
SMS-G-MSC S+S Gate.ay +S' (3or Short +e$$age$ de$tined to +o,i!e
Station)
SMS-IW-MSC S+S Inter.orking +S' (3or Short +e$$age$ coming 3rom
+o,i!e Station)
SMSCB Short +e$$age Ser#ice$ 'e!! 6roadca$t
SMTP Sim!e +ai! Tran$3er /rotoco! (%&' 2121)
SN Sym,o! -um,er or S-7'/
SN Se4uence -um,er
SN-PDU Segmented -=/7* (S-=/7* i$ the ay!oad o3 S-7'/)
SN-! Sym,o! -um,er in AA+
SN-SAP S-7'/=Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
SNA Short -um,er Addre$$
SND Se4uence -um,er 7o.n!ink (GT/)
SNDCP Su,net.ork 7eendent 'on#ergence /rotoco!
SNEI S-7'/ -et.ork Endoint Identi3ier
SNIR Signa! to -oi$e and Inter3erence %atio
SNM Signa!ing -et.ork +anagement /rotoco! (IT*=T A.00( (3))
SNN S-7'/ -=/7* -um,er &!ag
SNR Signa! to -oi$e %atio
SNTM Signa!ing -et.ork Te$t J +aintenance (IT*=T A.000)
SNTP Sim!e -et.ork Time /rotoco! (%&' 2030)
SNU Se4uence -um,er *!ink (GT/)
SO Segment ?33$et
SOAP Sim!e ?,Gect Acce$$ /rotoco!
(httC"".....3.org"T%"2000"-?TE=S?A/=20000<01)
SOHO Sma!! ?33ice 9ome ?33ice (Tye o3 6u$ine$$)
SP Signa!ing /oint
SPC Signa!ing /oint 'ode
SPI Security /arameter Index (%&' 2(01)
' ;=B '
SPR Su,$crition /ro3i!e %eo$itory (3GTS 23.203)
S!CIF Semi Auarter 'ommon Intermediate &ormat (121 x 8) ixe!$
IT*=T 92)1 " 92)3)
S!N Se4uence num,er (u$ed in *+TS=$ecurity architecture " 3GTS
33.102)
SRES Signed %e$on$e
SRF Ser#ice %e$ource &unction ('A+E2)
SRNC Ser#ing %adio -et.ork 'ontro!!er
SRNS Ser#ing %adio -et.ork Su,$y$tem
SRS Sounding %e3erence Sym,o!
SRTP Secure %T/ (%&' 3011)
SRTT Smoothed %oundTri Time
SRV Ser#ice 2ocation (7-S=re!ated " %&' 2012)
SRVCC Sing!e %adio @oice 'a!! 'ontinuity (3GTS 23.21))
SS Su!ementary Ser#ice
SS Su,$cri,er Station (IEEE 102.1))
SS Satia! Stream
SSC Signa!ing Sy$tem -o 0
SSC Secondary SynchroniBation 'ode
SSCF Ser#ice Seci3ic 'o=ordination &unction
SSCF=NNI Ser#ice Seci3ic 'oordination &unction = -et.ork -ode
Inter3ace /rotoco! (IT*=T A.21(0)
SSCF=UNI Ser#ice Seci3ic 'oordination &unction = *$er -et.ork
Inter3ace /rotoco! (IT*=T A.2130)
SSCOP Ser#ice Seci3ic 'onnection ?riented /rotoco! (IT*=T A.2110)
SSCOPMCE Ser#ice Seci3ic 'onnection ?riented /rotoco! in a +u!ti=!ink or
'onnection!e$$ En#ironment (IT*=T A.2111)
SSCS Ser#ice Seci3ic 'on#ergence Su,!ayer
SSDT Site Se!ection 7i#er$ity Tran$mi$$ion
SSF Ser#ice S.itching &unction ('A+E2)
SSI Short Su,$cri,er Identity
SSID Ser#ice Set Identi3ier (IEEE 102.11)
SSN Su,S!ot -um,er
SSN Start Se4uence -um,er (re!ated to A%A=6itma in G/%S "
EG/%S) or Send Se4uence -um,er (GS+ ++ and ''=
/rotoco!$) or Su,=Sy$tem -um,er (S''/)
SSN Send Se4uence -um,er (GS+ ++ and ''=/rotoco!$)
SSP Ser#ice S.itching /oint (I-)
List of A!ron&ms
' ;=9 '
SSRC 'ontri,uting Source (%T/)
SSRTG Su,$cri,er Station %ecei#e to tran$mit Turnaround Ga (IEEE
102.1) (3.<3)) Time that the SS need$ to $.itch 3rom recei#e
to tran$mit.
SSS Secondary $ync Se4uence Set
SSSAR Ser#ice Seci3ic Segmentation And %ea$$em,!y (IT*=T
I.3)).1)
ss'82es8 S!o. $tart thre$ho!d (%&' 2001> %&' 28)0)
SSTTG Su,$cri,er Station Tran$mit to recei#e Turnaround Ga (IEEE
102.1) (3.<()) Time that the SS need$ to $.itch 3rom
tran$mit to recei#e.
SSVE Sum S4uare @ector Error
ST Stu33ing Ta,!e (7@6=SI)
STA Station
STAFe/ Station Key
STAFe/SA Station Key Security A$$ociation
STANAG Standardi$ation Agreement (-AT?)
STBC Sace Time 6!ock 'oding
STC Sace Time 'oding
STC Signa!ing Tran$ort 'on#erter on +T/=3 and +T/=3, (IT*=T
A.21<0.1) " Signa!ing Tran$ort 'on#erter on SS'?/ and
SS'?/+'E (IT*=T A.21<0.2)
STCH STea!ing '9anne!
STF Short Training &ie!d
STP Signa!ing Tran$3er /oint
STS Sace Time Stream
STTD Sace Time ,!ock coding ,a$ed Tran$mi$$ion 7i#er$ity
STUN Sim!e Tra#er$a! o3 *7/ through -et.ork Addre$$ Tran$!ator$
(%&' 3(18)
SU Schedu!ing *nit
SUA S''/ *$er Adatation 2ayer (%&' 31)1)
SUERM Signa! *nit Error %ate +onitor (IT*=T A.003 (10))
SUFI Suer &ie!d (%2'=/rotoco!)
SUN ?rigina!!y $tood 3or Stan3ord *ni#er$ity -et.ork
SVC S.itched @irtua! 'ircuit
SVG Sca!a,!e @ector Grahic$
SW So3t.are
SWAP Shared 5ire!e$$ Acce$$ /rotoco! (9ome %&)
SDMI S.itching and +anagement In3ra$tructure
S%NC SynchroniBation rotoco! in 2TE 3or E=+6+S
' ;=: '
T-PDU /ay!oad o3 a G=/7* .hich can ,e u$er data> i.e. o$$i,!y
$egmented I/=3rame$> or GT/ $igna!ing in3ormation (GT/)
T)3< &ax Seci3ication
TA Tran$mitter Addre$$
TA Tracking Area
TA Timing Ad#ance
TA Termina! Adater (IS7-)
TAC Tracking Area 'ode
TACS Tota! Acce$$ 'ommunication Sy$tem
TAF Termina! Adoter &unction (3GTS 20.001)
TAI Tracking Area Identity (3GTS 2(.301)
TAI Timing Ad#ance Index
TB Tran$ort 6!ock
TBCP Ta!k 6ur$t 'ontro! /rotoco!
TBF Temorary 6!ock &!o.
TBS Tran$ort 6!ock Set
TC Tur,o 'oding (3GTS 2<.212)
TC Technica! 'ommittee
TCAP Tran$action 'aa,i!itie$ A!ication /art (A.001 = A.003)
TCB Tran$mi$$ion 'ontro! 6!ock
TCH Tra33ic 'hanne!
TCH-AFS Tra33ic '9anne! Adati#e &u!! rate Seech
TCH-AHS Tra33ic 'hanne! Adati#e 9a!3 rate Seech
TCH-P<=1*4< Tra33ic '9anne!> i"1=71/SK> net rate N 10>1 k,it"$
TCH=24# Tra33ic '9anne!> net rate N 2>( k,it"$
TCH=#4< Tra33ic '9anne!> net rate N (>1 k,it"$
TCH=C42 Tra33ic '9anne!> net rate N 0>2 k,it"$
TCH=FD Tra33ic 'hanne! " &u!!rate 7o.n!ink
TCH=S Seech Tra33ic '9anne!
TCP=BFCP Tran$mi$$ion 'ontro! /rotoco! " 6inary &!oor 'ontro! /rotoco!
(dra3t=iet3=xcon=,3c=0<.txt)
TCP=IP Tran$mi$$ion 'ontro! /rotoco! o#er I/
TCP=RTP=AVP %ea!=time Tran$ort /rotoco! " Audio @ideo /ro3i!e o#er T'/
(u$ed in S7/=de$crition$)(dra3t=iet3=a#t=rt=3raming=
contran$=0).txt)
TCP=TLS=BFCP Tran$mi$$ion 'ontro! /rotoco! " Tran$ort 2ayer Security "
6inary &!oor 'ontro! /rotoco! (dra3t=iet3=xcon=,3c=0<.txt)
TCTF Target 'hanne! Tye &ie!d
List of A!ron&ms
' ;=; '
TCTV Tran$ort 'hanne! Tra33ic @o!ume
TDD Time 7i#i$ion 7u!ex
TDM Time 7i#i$ion +u!ti!exing
TDMA Time 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
TDOA Time 7i33erence o3 Arri#a!
TDT Time and 7ate Ta,!e (7@6=SI)
TE Termina! E4uiment
TE2 TE re$enting a TET%A inter3ace
TEA1=2=3=# TET%A Encrytion A!gorithm($) 1>2>3 and (
TEBS Tota! E=7'9 6u33er Statu$
TEDS TET%A Enhanced 7ata Ser#ice
TEI Termina! E4uiment Identity
TEID Tunne! Endoint Identi3ier (GT/ " 3GTS 28.0)0)
TEK Tra33ic Encrytion Key (IEEE 102.1))
Te2- Ex!anation
TETRA Terre$tria! Trunked %adio
TETRA V@D TET%A @oice O 7ata
TF Tran$ort &ormat
TFC Tran$ort &ormat 'om,ination
TFCI Tran$ort &ormat 'om,ination Identi3ier
TFCS Tran$ort &ormat 'om,ination Set
TFI Tran$ort &ormat Indication (*+TS)
TFI Temorary &!o. Identity ((E)G/%S)
TFO Tandem &ree ?eration (3GTS 22.0<3)
TFRC Tran$ort &ormat and %e$ource 'om,ination (3GTS 2<.301)
TFRI Tran$ort &ormat and %e$ource Indicator (3GTS 2<.301>
2<.321)
TFS Tran$ort &ormat Set
TFTP Tri#ia! &i!e Tran$3er /rotoco! (%&' 13<0)
TGD Tran$mi$$ion Ga $tart 7i$tance (3GTS 2<.21<)
TGL Tran$mi$$ion Ga 2ength (3GTS 2<.21<)
TGPRC Tran$mi$$ion Ga /attern %eetition 'ount (3GTS 2<.21<)
TGSN Tran$mi$$ion Ga Starting S!ot -um,er (3GTS 2<.21<)
TH-CDMA Time 9oing 'ode 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
THIG Too!ogy 9iding Inter -et.ork Gate.ay
' ;== '
THP Tra33ic 9and!ing /riority (7i33Ser# Term)
THE Tera 9ertB (10
12
9ertB)
TI Tran$action Identi3ier
TIA Te!ecommunication$ Indu$try A$$ociation
TID Tunne! Identi3ier
TID Tra33ic Identi3ier
TIM Tra33ic Indication +a
TIP TET%A Interoera,i!ity /ro3i!e
TIPHON Te!ecommunication$ and Internet /rotoco! 9armoniBation ?#er
-et.ork$ (ETSI /roGect)
TISPAN Te!ecom$ J Internet con#erged Ser#ice$ J /rotoco!$ 3or
Ad#anced -et.ork$ (ETSI 5orking Grou to de3ine I+S 3or
3ixed ,road,and acce$$ net.ork$)
TK Temora! Key
TKIP Temora! Key Integrity /rotoco!
TL TET%A 22'
TLA-SAP TET%A 22' Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint A
TLB-SAP TET%A 22' Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint 6
TLC-SAP TET%A 22' Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint '
TLE-SAP TET%A 22' Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint E
TLLI Temorary 2ogica! 2ink Identi3ier
TLS Tran$ort 2ayer Security (%&' 22() " %&' 3<() " 3ormer!y
kno.n a$ SS2 or Secure Socket 2ayer)
TLV Tag " 2ength " @a!ue -otation
TM Trunked +ode
TM Tran$arent +ode oeration
TM Tran$mi$$ion +odu!e$
TM TET%A +A'
TMA-SAP TET%A +A' Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint A
TMB-SAP TET%A +A' Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint 6
TMC-SAP TET%A +A' Ser#ice Aacce$$ /oint '
TMD Tran$arent +ode 7ata (*+TS %2' /7*=tye)
TMD-SAP TET%A +A' Ser#ice Aacce$$ /oint 7
TMGI Temorary +o,i!e Grou Identity (3GTS 23.003 (1<.2))
TMN Te!ecommunication +anagement -et.ork
TMSI Temorary +o,i!e Su,$cri,er Identity
TMV-SAP TET%A +A' @irtua! SA/
TN Time$!ot -um,er
List of A!ron&ms
' ;=> '
TNCC-SAP TET%A -et.ork !ayer 'a!! 'ontro! = Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
TNL Tran$ort -et.ork 2ayer (3GTS 2<.(01)
TNMM TET%A -et.ork +o,i!ity +anagement
TNP TET%A -et.ork /rotoco!
TNSDS-SAP TET%A -et.ork !ayer Short 7ata Ser#ice = Ser#ice Acce$$
/oint
TNSS-SAP TET%A -et.ork !ayer Su!ementary Ser#ice$ = Ser#ice
Acce$$ /oint
TOI Tran$ort ?,Gect Identi3ier
T"IP Text o#er I/
TOM Tunne!ing ?3 +e$$age$ :3GTS ((.0)(;
TOM2 Tunne!ing ?3 +e$$age$ o#er 22'=SA/I 2 (3or high riority
$igna!ing me$$age$):3GTS ((.0)(;
TOM< Tunne!ing ?3 +e$$age$ o#er 22'=SA/I 1 (3or !o. riority
$igna!ing me$$age$):3GTS ((.0)(;
TOS Tye o3 Ser#ice
TOT Time ?33$et Ta,!e
TP Tra33ic /hy$ica! channe!
TP-UD Tran$3er /rotoco! = *$er 7ata (in GS+)
TPC Tran$mit /o.er 'ontro!
TPC Tran$mit /o.er 'ommand
TPS Tran$mi$$ion /arameter Signa!ing (7@6=9)
TPTI Tran$mitting /arty Tye Identi3ier
T!I Temorary Aueuing Identi3ier
TRAU Tran$coder and %ate Adation *nit
T2CH Tran$ort 'hanne! (*+TS)
T2FO Tran$coder &ree ?eration
T2GD Tran$ition Gate.ay (I/#( I/#)) (3GTS 23.221 (<.11))
TR& Tran$mitter " %ecei#er
TS Tran$ort Stream
TS Tra33ic Stream
TS Time$!ot
TS Time Sharing
TSC Training Se4uence 'ode
TSC Temora! Key Integrity /rotoco! Se4uence 'ounter
TSI TET%A Su,$cri,er Identity
TSN Tran$mi$$ion Se4uence -um,er
TSTD Time S.itched Tran$mit 7i#er$ity
' ;=? '
TTA Te!ecommunication$ Techno!ogy A$$ociation (South Korean
$tandard$ organiBation)
TTG Tunne! Termination Gate.ay
TTG Tran$mit recei#e Tran$ition Ga (IEEE 102.1) (3.)3)) the time
,et.een a do.n!ink $u,3rame and the $u,$e4uent u!ink
$u,3rame in a T77=$y$tem
TTI Tran$mi$$ion Time Inter#a!
TTL Time To 2i#e (I/=9eader " %&' 081)
TTR TET%A A$$ociation Technica! %eort
TU>* Tyica! *r,an <0 km"h
TUA T'A/ *$er Adatation 2ayer
TUP Te!ehone *$er /art
TUSC Ti!e *$e o3 Su,channe!$
TV Te!e#i$ion
Tx Tran$mit(ter)
T& Tran$mit
TxAA Tran$mit Adati#e Array$
T&OP Tran$mi$$ion ?ortunity
U-MST *!ink +u!ti!e S!ot Tran$mi$$ion
U-SAP *$er Ser#ice Acce$$ /oint
UA *$er Agent (SI/=Term " %&' 32)1)
UA *nnum,ered Ackno.!edgement (2A/7"22'"%2/=&rame Tye)
UAC *$er Agent '!ient (SI/=Term " %&' 32)1)
UARFCN *+TS A,$o!ute %adio &re4uency 'hanne! -um,er
UART *ni#er$a! A$ynchronou$ %ecei#er and Tran$mitter
UAS *$er Agent Ser#er (SI/=Term " %&' 32)1)
UAS-& egr$2 *!ink !e#e! A modu!ation and coding Scheme (x N
0..11)
UBS-& egr$2 *!ink !e#e! 6 modu!ation and coding Scheme (x N
<..12)
UCD *!ink 'hanne! 7e$critor (5i+AE +e$$age)
UCI *!ink 'ontro! Indicator
UCS *ni#er$a! 'haracter Set
UCS-2 *ni#er$a! 'haracter Set coded in 2 octet$
UDCH *$er=!ane 7edicated 'hanne! (3GTS (<.802)
UDH *$er 7ata 9eader
UDPTL *7/ Tran$ort 2ayer (u$ed in S7/=de$crition 3or T.31 3ax=
a!ication$)
List of A!ron&ms
' ;=@ '
UE *$er E4uiment
UEA *+TS Encrytion A!gorithm (3GTS 33.102)
UGS *n$o!icited Grant Ser#ice (IEEE 102.1) Tra33ic '!a$$)
UHF *!tra 9igh &re4uency
UI *nnum,ered In3ormation (2A/7) " *ncon3irmed In3ormation
(22') " &rame Tye
UIA *+TS Integrity A!gorithm (3GTS 33.102)
UICC *ni#er$a! Integrated 'ircuit 'ard (3GTS 22.101 " 6earer card
o3 SI+ " *SI+)
UIUC *!ink Inter#a! *$age 'ode (5i+AE Term)
UL *!ink
UL(DT& *!ink 7i$continuou$ Tran$mi$$ion
UL-MAP *!ink=+edium Acce$$ /rotoco! (+A'=+e$$age in 5i+AE "
IEEE 102.1))
UL-SCH *!ink Shared 'hanne!
UMA *n!icen$ed +o,i!e Acce$$ (3GTS (3.311)
UMAN *n!icen$ed +o,i!e Acce$$ -et.ork
UMB *!tra +o,i!e 6road,and (3G//2F$ E@=7? %e# ')
UMD *nackno.!edged +ode 7ata (*+TS %2' /7*=tye)
UMS *$er +o,i!ity Ser#er (9SS N 92% O *+S)
UMTS *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication Sy$tem
UMTS-AKA *ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication Sy$tem = Authentication
and Key Agreement (3GTS 33.102)
UNC *+A -et.ork 'ontro!!er
UNC-SGW *+A -et.ork 'ontro!!er Security Gate.ay
UNI *$er=to=-et.ork Inter3ace
UP *$er /riority
UP *na!!ocated /hy$ica! channe!
URA *T%A- %egi$tration Area
URA(PCH %%' *%A State in *T%A
URB *$er %adio 6earer
URI *ni3orm %e$ource Identi3ier
URL *ni3orm %e$ource 2ocator (%&' 1031)
US *nited State$
USA *nited State$ o3 America
USAT *SI+ A!ication Too!kit
USB *ni#er$a! Seria! 6u$
' ;=A '
USCH *!ink Shared 'hanne! (*+TS Tran$ort 'hanne! T77 on!y)
USD *$er Ser#ice 7e$crition
USF *!ink State &!ag
USS *!ink $ync Se4uence Set
USSI *nexchanged Short Su,$cri,er Identity
UTF-1BE *nicode Tran$3ormation &ormat $eria!iBed a$ t.o ,yte$ in 6ig=
Endian 3ormat
UTF-< *nicode Tran$3ormation &ormat=E (I$ an E=,it) !o$$!e$$
encoding o3 *nicode character$
UTRA *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication Sy$tem)
UTRAN *+TS (*ni#er$a! +o,i!e Te!ecommunication Sy$tem)
UUI *$er to *$er In3ormation
UUS *$er=*$er=Signa!ing (3GTS 23.010)
UV *!tra @io!et
UWB *!tra=5ide 6and (IEEE 102.1<.3)
UWC *ni#er$a! 5ire!e$$ 'on#ergence (+erge IS=13) .ith GS+)
V-PLMN @i$ited /2+-
V@D @oice !u$ 7ata
V>UA @<.2=*$er Adatation 2ayer (%&' 3100)
VA @ehicu!ar A mo,i!e radio channe!
VAD @oice Acti#ity 7etector
VBS @oice 6roadca$t Ser#ice (GS+=%)
VC @irtua! 'ircuit
VCC @oice 'a!! 'ontinuity (3GTS 23.20))
VCI @irtua! 'ircuit Identi3ier (AT+)
VCO @o!tage 'ontro!!ed ?$ci!!ator
VCT +/EG /SI ta,!e$ 3or A%I6
VDSL @ery high data rate 7igita! Su,$cri,er 2ine (IT*=T G.883.1)
VE @irtua! Engine
VGCS @oice Grou 'a!! Ser#ice (GS+=%)
VHE @irtua! 9ome En#ironment (3GTS 22.121> 3GTS 23.120)
VHF @ery 9igh &re4uency
VI @ideo
VLAN @irtua! 2A-
VLR @i$itor 2ocation %egi$ter
List of A!ron&ms
' ;=H '
VO @oice
V"D @ideo on 7emand
V"IMS @oice o#er I+S
V"IP @oice o#er I/
VPI @irtua! /ath Identi3ier (AT+)
VPLMN @i$ited /u,!ic 2and +o,i!e radio -et.ork
VPN @irtua! /ri#ate -et.ork
VSI @irtua! Socket Inter3ace
VSRB @aria,!e SiBed %adio 6!ock$
VW @irtua! 5ire /76 (7i33Ser# Term)
W-AMR 5ide,and A+%='odec (Adati#e +u!tirate) (3GTS 2).180)
W-AMR@ Extended 5ide,and A+%='odec (Adati#e +u!tirate) (3GTS
2).280)
W-APN 52A-=A/- (5ire!e$$ 2oca! Area -et.ork = Acce$$ /oint -ame)
(3GTS 23.23()
WAG 52A- (5ire!e$$ 2oca! Area -et.ork) Acce$$ Gate.ay
WAN 5ide Area -et.ork
WAP 5ire!e$$ A!ication /rotoco!
WCDMA 5ide=,and 'ode 7i#i$ion +u!ti!e Acce$$
WDS 5ire!e$$ 7i$tri,ution Sy$tem
WEP 5ired E4ui#a!ent /ri#acy
WG 5orking Grou
WI 5ork Item
W$B2" 5ire!e$$ 6road,and> Korean 5i+AE @er$ion
W$F$ 5ire!e$$ &ide!ity (.....i=3i.org)
W$MA& 5or!d.ide Interoera,i!ity 3or +icro.a#e Acce$$ (IEEE
102.1))
WINS 5indo.$ Internet -ame Ser#ice
WLAN 5ire!e$$ 2oca! Area -et.ork (IEEE 102.11)
WM 5ire!e$$ +edium
WMAN 5ire!e$$ +etroo!itan Area -et.ork
WMA& A!!iance o3 IEEE=102.11=Standard +anu3acturer$
WMM 5i&i +u!ti+edia
WPA 5i&i /rotected Acce$$
WPA2 5i&i /rotected Acce$$ @er$ion 2
WRED 5eighted %andom Ear!y 7etection
WS 5indo. SiBe
WSN 5indo. SiBe -um,er
' ;>B '
WWW 5or!d 5ide 5e,
&-CSCF 'a!! Se$$ion 'ontro! &unction (any> there i$ I='S'&> /='S'&
and E='S'&)
&2-AP E2=inter3ace A!ication /art rotoco! (3GTS 3).(23)
&2AP E2=inter3ace A!ication /art rotoco! (3GTS 3).(23)
&HTML Exten$i,!e 9yertext +arku 2anguage
&ID Exchange Identi3ication (2A/7"22'=&rame Tye)
&MAC Exected +e$$age Authentication 'ode
&MF Exten$i,!e +u$ic &ormat
&OR Exc!u$i#e=?r 2ogica! 'om,ination
&RES Exected %e$on$e (3GTS 33.102)
&UA Any *$er Adatation 2ayer (+2*A> +3*A> S*A)
&&&(PCH %%' State$C 'E22H/'9 or *%AH/'9
BF Kero &orcing
List of A!ron&ms
' ;>9 '
' ;>: '
Inde4
A
A)...................................................:=A
D
,roadcast information.....................9B@
E
.'3"&AN........................................99:
.C)'CONN.C".%..........................?;
.))..................................................?;
.))'%.&.I*".&.%....................?;
.))'I%-.........................................?;
.))'&.I*".&.%.........................?;
H
!A&C.............................................::@
8
)AC................................................::?
)AC control element......................:=B
)AC 8%3.......................................:;A
3
8%C8..............................................:>?
8%C8 8%3.....................................:>A
8rotocol stack.................................99:
R
&A'&N"I.........................................:;=
&andom access procedure.............:;:
&-C.................................................:=A
&-C A) 8%3 with a segment header
........................................................:>:
&-C 8%3........................................:>B
&&C................................................9B?
&&CGCONN.C".%.......................9BA
&&CGI%-. .....................................9BA
T
"C87I8............................................:?:
")...................................................:=A
;
3)..................................................:=A
(nde-
' ;>; '
' ;>= '

LTE-SAE Overview and Radio Signaling

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LTE-SAE Overview and Radio Signaling

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