Problems on OP AMP (Non-ideal Effects)

Effect of Finite Bandwidth and Slew Rate

1.Ameasurementoftheopenloopgainofanopampshowsittobe210
4
atverylowfrequencies;
and100at100kHz.EstimatevaluesforA
o
(dcgain),f
b
(cutofffreq.),andf
t
(unitygainfreq.).

2.Thisproblemillustratestheuseofcascadedclosedloopamplifierstoobtainanoverallbandwidth
greaterthancanbeachievedusingasinglestageamplifierwiththesameoverallgain.
(a) It is required to design a noninverting amplifier with a dc gain of 40 dB utilizing a single op
ampwithf
t
=1MHz.Whatisthe3dBfrequencyobtained?
(b)Redesigntheamplifierof(a)bycascadingtwoidenticalnoninvertingamplifierseachwithadc
gainof20dB.Whatisthe3dBfrequencyoftheoverallamplifier?Comparethistothevalue
obtainedin(a)above.

3.Adesigner,wantingtoachieveastablegainof100V/Vat5MHz,considersherchoiceofamplifier
topologies. What unitygain frequency would a single operational amplifier require to satisfy her
need? Unfortunately, the best available amplifier has an f
t
of 40 MHz. How many such amplifiers
connectedinacascadeofidenticalnoninvertingstageswouldsheneedtoachievehergoal?What
isthe3dBfrequencyofeachstageshecanuse?Whatistheoverall3dBfrequency?

4. An op amp having a slew rate of 20 V/s is to be used in the unitygain follower configuration,
with input pulses that rise from 0 to 3 V. What is the shortest pulse that can be used while
ensuringfullamplitudeoutput?Forsuchapulse,describetheoutputresulting.

5.Foroperationwith10Voutputpulseswiththerequirementthatthesumoftheriseandfalltimes
should represent only 20% of the pulse width (at half amplitude), what is the slewrate
requirement for an op amp to handle pulses 2 s wide? (Note: The rise and fall times of a pulse
signalareusuallymeasuredbetweenthe10%and90%heightpoints.)

6. What is the highest frequency of a triangle wave of 20V peaktopeak amplitude that can be
reproduced by an op amp whose slew rate is 10 V/s? For a sine wave of the same frequency,
whatisthemaximumamplitudeofoutputsignalthatremainsundistorted?

7.Foranamplifierhavingaslewrateof60V/s,whatisthehighestfrequencyatwhicha20Vpeak
topeaksinewavecanbeproducedattheoutput?

8.Indesigningwithopampsonehastocheckthelimitationsonthevoltageandfrequencyrangesof
operation of the closedloop amplifier, imposed by the op amp finite bandwidth ( f
t
), slew rate
(SR),andoutputsaturation(V
omax
).Thisproblemillustratesthepointbyconsideringtheuseofan
op amp with f
t
= 2 MHz, SR = 1 V/s, and V
omax
= 10 V in the design of a noninverting amplifier
withanominalgainof10.AssumeasinewaveinputwithpeakamplitudeV
i
.
(a)IfV
i
=0.5V,whatisthemaximumfrequencybeforetheoutputdistorts?
(b)Iff=20kHz.whatisthemaximumvalueofV
i
beforetheoutputdistorts?
(c)IfV
i
=50mV,whatistheusefulfrequencyrangeofoperation?
(d)Iff=5kHz,whatistheusefulinputvoltagerange?

9.Forthecascadeamplifiercircuitshown,theslewrateoftheOPAMPsis1V/ms.Sketchtheoutput
voltagesv
01
andv
02
versustimeforeachoftheinputvoltagesshown.

DC IMPERFECTIONS

10. A noninverting amplifier with a gain of+10 V/V using 100 k as the feedback resistor operates
froma5ksource.Foranamplifieroffsetvoltageof0mV,butwithabiascurrentof1Aandan
offsetcurrentof0.1A,whatrangeofoutputswouldyouexpect?Indicatewhereyouwouldadd
anadditionalresistortocompensateforthebiascurrents.Adesignerwishestousethisamplifier
witha15ksource.Inordertocompensateforthebiascurrentinthiscase,whatresistorwould
youuse?Andwhere?

11.ConsideradifferenceamplifiercircuitwithR1=R3=10kandR2=R4=1M.Iftheopamphas
V
os
=4mV,I
B
=0.3A,andI
os
=50nA,findtheworstcase(largest)dcoffsetvoltageattheoutput.

12.Anopampisconnectedinaclosedloopwithgainof+100utilizingafeedbackresistorof1M.
(a)Iftheinputbiascurrentis100nA,whatoutputvoltageresultswiththeinputgrounded?
(b)Iftheinputoffsetvoltageis1mVandtheinputbiascurrentasin(a),whatisthelargest
possibleoutputthatcanbeobservedwiththeinputgrounded?
(c)Ifbiascurrentcompensationisused,whatisthevalueoftherequiredresistor?Iftheoffset
current is no more than onetenth the bias current, what is the resulting output offset
voltage(duetooffsetcurrentalone)?
(d) With biascurrent compensation as in (c) in place, what is the largest dc voltage at the
outputduetothecombinedeffectofoffsetvoltageandoffsetcurrent?