PETE 410 L11-1 1

Methods of artificial lift

presented to:
Prof Dr : El ayouty . Elsaid
PETE 410 L11-1 2
Prepared by :
G
abry !ase" #alal .
G
$"ir %a#dy .
G
Mena ebrahi".
G
&eshoi #haly.
G
'any saeed .
PETE 410 L11-1 (
$rtificial Lift- )*er*ie%
G
uc!er +od or &ea" Pu"p
G
'ydraulic Pu"pin#, ub"ersible Electric
Pu"p, Pro#ressi*e -a*ity Pu"p
G
-ontinuous .lo% /as Lift
G
Plun#er Lift
PETE 410 L11-1 4
Ma0or .or"s of $rtificial Lift
Rod Pump
Tubing
Anchor
Rod Pump
Hydraulic
Pump
Submersible
Electric
Pump
Progressive-
Cavity Pump
Pump
Armored
Cable
Pump
Electric
Motor
Lubricator
Electronic
Controller
Control
Euipment
!as-Li"t
#alve
Pac$er
Standing
#alve
%&ptional'
Plunger
(umper
Spring
Tubing
Stop
)loater*
Stator
Suc$er
Rod
Catcher
+* Arrival
Sensor
,rive
Head
Plunger Li"t
!as Li"t
PETE 410 L11-1 1
$rtificial Lift Methods,
2 3fro" P4-, 15567
&ea" or rod pu"p 61 8
-ontinuous #as lift 10 8
Electric sub"ersile pu"p 4 8
'ydraulic 3piston 9 0et7 2 8
Pro#ressi*e ca*ity pu"p 1 8
8 :o of %ells
PETE 410 L11-1 ;
+elati*e $d*anta#es of $rtificial-Lift yste"s 31 of 27 +elati*e $d*anta#es of $rtificial-Lift yste"s 31 of 27
Rod Pumping Hydraulic Electric Gas Lift Hydraulic Plunger Progressive-
Piston Submersible Jet Pump Lift Cavity Pumps
Pumping Pumping
Relatively simple Not so dept limited- Can lift e!tremely Can "itstand Retrievable Retrievable Some types are
system design# can lift large volumes ig volumes# large volume of "itout pulling "itout pulling retrievable "it
from great depts# $%&%%% bbl'd solids "it minor tubing# tubing# rods#
(nits easily
canged to oter
"ells "it minimal
cost#
Efficient& simple
and easy for field
people to operate#
)pplicable to
slim oles
and multiple
completions#
Can pump a "ell
do"n to very lo"
pressure *dept and
rate dependent+#
System usually is
naturally vented for
gas separation and
fluid level soundings#
,le!ible-can matc
displacement rate
to "ell capability as
"ell declines#
)naly-able#
.%% bbl'd */0#10 m
2
'd+
from 3.&%%% ft *1./$ m+
ave been installed
to 34&%%% ft *.&145#1 m+#
Croo6ed oles present
minimal problems
(nobtrusive in urban
locations#
Po"er source can be
remotely located#
)naly-able#
,le!ible-can usually
matc displacement
to "ell7s capability as
"ell declines#
Can use gas or
electricity as po"er
source#
8o"nole pumps can
be circulated out in
free systems#
Currently lifting 9
3$%&%%% bbl'd
*30&%54m
2
'd+ from
"ater supply "ells
in :iddle East "it
5%%-p *114-6;+
units< /$%-p
*.2/-6;+# )vailable<
3%%%-p */15-6;+
under development#
(nobtrusive in
urban locations#
Simple to operate#
Easy to install
do"nole pressure
sensor for
telemetering
pressure to surface
by cable#
Croo6ed oles
present no problem#
)pplicable offsore#
Handles large
volume in ig-P=
"ells *continous
lift+# .%&%%% bbl'd
*/010#2/ m
2
'd+
,airly fle!ible-
convertible from
continuous to
intermittent to
camber or plunger
lift as "ell declines#
(nobtrusive in
urban locations#
Po"er source can
be remotely located#
Easy to obtain
do"nole pressures
and gradients#
Lifting gassy "ells
is no problem#
Sometimes
serviceable "it
"ireline unit#
No moving parts#
No problems in
deviated or
croo6ed oles#
(nobtrusive in
urban locations#
)pplicable
offsore#
Can use "ater as
a po"er source#
Po"er fluid does
not ave to be as
clean as for
ydraulic piston
pumping#
Corrosion scale
emulsion
treatment easy to
perform#
>ery
ine!pensive
installation#
)utomatically
6eeps tubing
clean of
paraffin&
scale#
)pplicable for
ig gas-oil
ratio "ells#
Can be used
in con?unction
"it intermittent
gas lift#
Can be used
to unload li@uid
from gas "ells#
:oderate cost#
Lo" profile#
Can use
do"nole
electric motors
tat can "itstand
sand and viscous
fluid#
Hig electrical
efficiency#
PETE 410 L11-1 <
+elati*e $d*anta#es of $rtificial-Lift yste"s 32 of 27 +elati*e $d*anta#es of $rtificial-Lift yste"s 32 of 27
Rod Pumping Hydraulic Electric Gas Lift Hydraulic Plunger Progressive-
Piston Submersible Jet Pump Lift Cavity Pumps
Pumping Pumping
Can li"t high-
temperature
and viscous oils
Can use gas or
electricity as po+er
source-
Corrosion and scale
treatments easy to
per"orm-
Applicable to
pump-o"" control
i" electri"ied-
Availability o"
di""erent si.es-
Hollo+ suc$er rods
are available "or
slimhole
completions and
ease o" inhibitor
treatment-
Have pumps +ith
double valving that
pump on both
upstro$e and
do+nstro$e-
Can pump a +ell
do+n to "airly lo+
pressure-
Applicable to multiple
completions-
Applicable o""shore-
Closed system +ill
combat corrosion-
Easy to pump in
cycles by time cloc$-
Ad/ustable gear bo0
"or triple0 o""ers more
"le0ibility-
Mi0ing po+er "luid
+ith +a0y or viscous
crudes can reduce
viscosity-
Corrosion and
scale treatment
easy to
per"orm-
Availability in
di""erent si.e-
Li"ting cost "or
high volumes
generally
very lo+-
Croo$ed holes
present no
problem-
Corrosion is not
usually as
adverse-
Applicable
o""shore-
Po+er source
can be remotely
located and can
pump high
volumes to
123222 bbl*d
%4567-681 m
1
*d'-
PETE 410 L11-1 6
+elati*e Disad*anta#es of $rtificial-Lift yste"s 1 of 2 +elati*e Disad*anta#es of $rtificial-Lift yste"s 1 of 2
Rod Pumping Hydraulic Electric Gas Lift Hydraulic Plunger Progressive
Piston Submersible Jet Pump Lift Cavity Pumps
Pumping Pumping
Croo6ed oles
present a friction
problem#
Hig solids
production is
troublesome#
Gassy "ells
usually lo"er
volumetric
efficiency#
8ept is limited&
primarily based
on rod capability#
Abtrusive in
urban locations#
Heavy and bul6y
in offsore
operations#
Susceptible to
paraffin
problems#
Bubing cannot
be internally
coated for
corrosion#
Po"er oil systems
are a fire a-ard#
Large oil inventory
re@uired in po"er
oil system& "ic
detracts from
profitability#
Hig solids
production is
troublesome#
Aperating costs are
sometimes iger#
(sually susceptible
to gas interference-
usually not vented#
>ented installations
are more e!pensive
because of e!tra
tubing re@uired#
Breating for scale
belo" pac6er is
difficult#
Not easy for field
personnel to
troublesoot#
Not applicable to
multiple completions#
Anly applicable "it
electric po"er#
Hig voltages
*3%%% >+ are
necessary#
=mpractical in sallo"&
lo"-volume "ells#
E!pensive to cange
e@uipment to matc
declining "ell
capability#
Cable causes problems
"it tubular andling#
Cables deteriorate in
ig temperatures#
System is dept limited
to 3%&%%% ft *2%14#% m+
because of cable cost
and inability to install
enoug po"er
do"nole *depends
on casing si-e+#
Lift gas is
not al"ays
available#
Not efficient in
lifting small
fields or one-"ell
leases#
8ifficult to lift
emulsions and
viscous crudes#
Not efficient for
small fields or
one-"ell leases
if compression
e@uipment is
re@uired#
Gas free-ing
and ydration
problems#
Problems "it
dirty surface
lines#
Some difficulty
in analy-ing
properly "itout
engineering
supervision#
:ay not ta6e
"ell to depletion<
ence& eventually
re@uiring anoter
lift metod#
Good for lo"-rate
"ells only
normally less
tan $00 bbl'd
*23#4 m'd+#
Re@uires more
engineering
supervision to
ad?ust properly#
Plunger may
reac too ig
a velocity and
cause surface
damage#
Communication
bet"een tubing
and casing surface
re@uired for good
operation unless
used in
con?unction "it
gas lift#
Elastomers in
stator s"ell in
some "ell fluids#
PAC is difficult#
Lose efficiency
"it dept#
Rotating rods "ear
tubing< "indup and
afterspin of rods
increase "it
dept#
Relatively
inefficient lift
metod#
Re@uires at
least $%C
submergence to
approac best
lift efficiency#
8esign of
system is
more comple!#
Pump may
cavitate
under certain
conditions#
>ery sensitive
to any cange in
bac6pressure#
Be producing
of free gas
troug te
pump causes
reduction in
ability to pump
li@uids#
Po"er oil
systems are a
fire a-ard#
PETE 410 L11-1 5
+elati*e Disad*anta#es of $rtificial-Lift yste"s 2 of 2
Rod Pumping Hydraulic Electric Gas Lift Hydraulic Plunger Progressive
Piston Submersible Jet Pump Lift Cavity Pumps
Pumping Pumping
H
8
S limits depth
at +hich a large-
volume pump
can be set-
Limitation o"
do+nhole pump
design in small-
diameter casing-
,i""icult to obtain
valid +ell tests in
lo+-volume +ells
Reuires t+o strings
o" tubing "or some
installations-
Problems in
treating po+er
+ater +here used-
Sa"ety problem "or
high sur"ace
pressure po+er oil-
Loss o" po+er oil in
sur"ace euipment
"ailure-
!as and solids
production are
troublesome-
9ot easily analy.able
unless good
engineering
e0perience is available-
Lac$ o" production
rate "le0ibility-
Casing si.e limitation-
Cannot be set belo+
"luid entry +ithout a
shroud to route "luid
by the motor- Shroud
also allo+s corrosion
inhibitor to protect
outside o" motor-
More do+n-time
+hen problems are
encountered because
entire unit is do+nhole-
Cannot
e""ectively
produce deep
+ells to
abandonment-
Reuires ma$eup
gas in rotative
systems-
Casing must
+ithstand li"t
pressure-
Sa"ety is a
problem +ith
high-pressure
gas-
High sur"ace
po+er "luid
pressures are
reuired-
PETE 410 L11-1 10
=uestions to $s!
G
>s a source of #as a*ailable?
G
>s po%er a*ailable?
G
'o% deep?
G
>s the %ell de*iated?
G
4hat are the tar#et production rates?
G
>s %ater a proble"?
G
>s scale present?
PETE 410 L11-1 11
+elati*e
+an#es of $L
Methods
3$fter :ind TE47
/ross Producti*ity >nde@

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Pu"pin#: uc!er +od, ub" EP, 'ydraulic, Pro# -P
.lo%in#