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There are two modes of mass transfer: diffusion and fluid flow. Diffusion is
described by Fick’s law.
C1
C2
Fick’s second law of diffusion is derived from Fick’s first law of diffusion and
continuum equation. In one dimensional binary system, it has
∂C ∂ ∂ ∂C
=− J = D (6.2)
∂t ∂x ∂ x ∂ x
Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, POSTECH
(6.4)
α α
where cn represents the concentration of element n in α phase, Dnm is the
diffusion coefficient. Now we derive the equation (6.4) from second law of
thermodynamics. The details can be found in ref 1.
(6.5)
The total free energy of the system is the integration of the free energy density
across the space
(6.6)
From mass conservation one has
(6.7)
For the process where only diffusion takes place, the second law of
thermodynamics demands that
(6.8)
which leads to the
(6.9)
where
Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, POSTECH
(6.10)
Equation (6.9) can be satisfied by various expressions, The simplese one is the
linear combination
(6.11)
with following sufficient condition
(6.12)
(6.13)
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
R=0.5D
0.2
R=5D
0.1 R=50D
0
-0.5 -0.25 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5
R=0.5D represents the case when interface moving speed is very small. Solute
diffusion is relative quick. The solute profile is almost like a straight line, similar to
the steady state solute distribution. R=50D represents the case when
solidification is going very fast. The diffusion layer is very thin. In many
engineering cases, the solute profile is in between.
REFERENCES