TRAINING COURSE

COOLING TOWER - PRESENTATION

BY SOUMIK
AEE/ BOP
MHPSI
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 11
2. Definitions
What is a Coo!in$ Tower F
A 'oo!in$ tower is an eG)ipment )sed to red)'e the temperat)re
o a water stream ;y e9tra'tin$ heat rom water and emittin$ it to
atmosphere
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 12
2. Definitions
Coo!in$ Tower@
A spe'ia!i/ed -EAT EHC-ANGER in whi'h two !)ids Aair I waterC
are ;ro)$ht into dire't 'onta't to ee't the transer o heat
-eat is reJe'ted primari!y thro)$h EKAPORATION o a sma!!
Per'enta$e o the 'ir')!atin$ water Aa;o)t 1L o the 'ir')!atin$
!ow rate or e+ery (M* C o 'oo!in$ ran$eC
Coo!in$ towers are )sed to dissipate waste heatM Deepin$
system temperat)res in an ei'ient operatin$ /one
-KAC0R
Ind)stria!
Power
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1#
2. Definitions
-ot Water Temperat)re
Temperat)re rom pro'ess enterin tower
Co!d Water Temperat)re
Temperat)re !e"vin tower I ret)rned to pro'ess
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1%
2. Definitions
-eat 4oad A.C@ heat transferred from the water to air
. N W8 Cp t 1333 OD'a!0hrP
where@ W8 N Water !ow 'ir')!atin$ thro)$h the '.t. Om#0hP
Cp N Spe'ii' -eat OD'a!0A<QD$CP
t N Coo!in$ Ran$e A-WT R CWTC O<P
-WT N -ot Water Temperat)re OCP
CWT N Co!d Water Temperat)re OCP
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1(
2. Definitions
Wet =)!; Temp
The temperat)re o the air
enterin$ the tower as meas)red
with a wet ;)!; thermometer.
"ONST USE T-E "R5 =U4= CO4U&NTTT
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1*
40
35
30
25
20
15
50
40
30
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10
0
-10
a
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e
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[

C
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air press. 1 013 hPa
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
water content [g / kg]
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
40
35
30
25
20
15
40
35
30
25
20
15
Wet bulb temperature
Dry bulb temperature
Wet bulb
temperature
Dry bulb
temperature
2. Definitions
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1,
2. Definitions
Am;ient 1 the temperat)re in the air
approa'hin$ the tower rom the )pwind side
Enterin$ 1 the a+era$e temperat)re at the
entran'e a'es o the tower
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 12
2. Definitions
Ran$e@
"ieren'e ;etween
AIn!etC -ot Water Temperat)re
and AO)t!etC Co!d Water
Temperat)re
R N -WT 1 CWT ACC
Approa'h@
"ieren'e ;etween
A O)t!et C Co!d Water Temperat)re
and Wet =)!; Temperat)re
A N CWT 1 W=T ACC
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 17
2. Definitions
Re'ir')!ation
Tower e!)ent air ;ein$
drawn into the
downwind air in!et
As a res)!tM enterin$ air
wet ;)!; temperat)re
'an ;e hi$her than
am;ient wet ;)!;
temperat)re
This ee't sha!! ;e taDe
into a''o)nt d)rin$ the
desi$n
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 23
Intereren'e
Tower e!)ent ;ein$
drawn into the air
in!et o a downwind
tower
Other heat so)r'esM
!iDe steam +entsM
;ein$ drawn into air
in!et o a downwind
tower
2. Definitions
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 21
E+aporation and drit !osses
E+aporation !oss is the water G)antity e+aporated or 'oo!in$ d)ty
E+aporation !oss 'an ;e estimated as a;o)t 1L o the 'ir')!atin$ !ow
rate or e+ery (M*C o 'oo!in$ ran$e
"rit !oss is the water G)antity 'arried o)t rom the 'oo!in$ tower in
the orm o ine drop!ets entrained in the !ea+in$ air
"rit !osses 'an ;e red)'ed thro)$h proper se!e'tion o drit
e!iminators.
2. Definitions
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 22
Cy'!es o 'on'entrationM =!ow "own and &aDe1)p rate
")e to e+aporation !ossesM sa!t 'on'entration in 'ir')!atin$ water
in'reases
C#$!e% &' $&n$entr"ti&n A C.O.C C is the ratio o disso!+ed so!ids in
'ir')!atin$ water to the disso!+ed so!ids in maDe )p water
(!&) d&)n !ow rate is the portion o 'ir')!atin$ water that m)st ;e
dis'har$ed in order to 'ontro! this ;)i!d )p
M"*e +, !ow rate is the G)antity o water that is reG)ired to rep!a'e
e+aporationM drit and ;!ow1down !osses
2. Definitions
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2#
#. Type o Coo!in$ Towers
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2%
3. Types of Towers
=y Air Ind)'tion &ethod
Nat)ra! "rat
&e'hani'a! "rat
8or'ed
Ind)'ed
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2(
atural Draft!
Use the ;)oyan'y o
the e9ha)st air risin$
in a ta!! 'himney to
pro+ide the drat.
3. Types of Towers
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2*
3. Types of Towers
=y Air Ind)'tion &ethod
Nat)ra! "rat
No rotatin$ eG)ipment to maintain
4ower power 'ons)mption
-i$h 'apita! 'ost
Kis)a! impa't
Kery !ar$e heat d)ties
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2,
3. Types of Towers
=y Air Ind)'tion &ethod
&e'hani'a! "rat
&e'hani'a! drat 'oo!in$ towers )se the air
!ow $enerated ;y a an.
8or'ed
Ind)'ed
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 22
"e#hani#al $or#ed Draft
3. Types of Towers
$or#ed Draft!
Air is %lown throu&h
the tower %y a fan
lo#ated at the air
inlet
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 27
"e#hani#al Indu#ed Draft
3. Types of Towers
Indu#ed Draft!
Air is %lown throu&h
the tower %y a fan
lo#ated at the air
outlet
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #3
3. Types of Towers
=y Air0Water 8!ow Paths
Co)nter!ow
Cross!ow
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #1
Counterflow
In a 'o)nter1!ow
'oo!in$ tower air
tra+e!s )pward
thro)$h the i!!M
opposite to the
downward motion o
the water.
3. Types of Towers
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #2
3. Types of Towers
Counterflow
In a 'o)nter1!ow
'oo!in$ tower air
tra+e!s )pward
thro)$h the i!!M
opposite to the
downward motion o
the water.
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ##
Crossflow
In a 'ross1!ow
'oo!in$ tower air
mo+es hori/onta!!y
thro)$h the i!! as
the water mo+es
downward.
3. Types of Towers
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #%
3. Types of Towers
Crossflow
In a 'ross1!ow
'oo!in$ tower air
mo+es hori/onta!!y
thro)$h the i!! as
the water mo+es
downward.
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #(
=y 8i!! Type
None Aspray1i!!edC
Sp!ash1i!!ed
8i!m1i!!ed
&i9 Sp!ash18i!m
3. Types of Towers
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #*
Spray'$illed Tower
3. Types of Towers
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #,
Traditional
Splash $illin&
3. Types of Towers
1. Water is sp!ashed o+er the
i!! media into sma!!er water
drop!ets
2. S)ita;!e or !ow water
G)a!ity pro'esses
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #2
3D Splash $illin&
$(T()A*
3. Types of Towers
#. Sp!ash i!! hei$ht is hi$her
than i!m i!!
%. Noise d)e to water impa't is
hi$her
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #7
$ilm $illin&
3. Types of Towers
1. Water orms a thin i!m
on either side o i!!
sheets
2. -i$h heat e9'han$e area
#. 8i!m i!! hei$ht !ower
than sp!ash i!!
A4ower P)mp headC
%. -i$her perorman'es
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %3
3. Types of Towers
So &any KariationsUUU.
............Whi'h WorDs =estF
N"0Co)nter!ow08i!m 8i!!
I"0Cross!ow0Sp!ash
I"0Cross!ow08i!m 8i!!
I"0Co)nter!ow0Sp!ash
I"0Co)nter!ow08i!m 8i!!
8"0Co)nter!ow08i!m 8i!!
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %1
Ad+anta$es
4ow Power
Cons)mption
No Rotatin$ EG)ipment
to maintain
App!i'ations
Power
Kery !ar$e ind)stria!
"isad+anta$es
-i$h Capita! Cost
Kis)a! Impa't
A''ess or '!eanin$
atural Draft'Counterflow +$ilm $ill,
3. Types of Towers
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %2
Indu#ed Draft ' Crossflow +Splash,
Ad+anta$es
To!erant o 8o)!ants
Resists i'in$
&aintenan'e A''ess
C!eanin$ 'an ;e done d)rin$
operation
"isad+anta$es
4ar$er 8ootprint
Noise rom ans and sp!ashin$
water
3. Types of Towers
App!i'ations
-KACM ind)stria!M power
-i$h o)!ant water
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %#
Indu#ed Draft ' Crossflow +$ilm,
Ad+anta$es
4ow 8an Power
Re+ersi;!e 8ans or i'in$
'ontro!
&aintenan'e A''ess
C!eanin$ d)rin$ operation
4ow Proi!e
4ow P)mp -ead
4ow Noise
To!erates some o)!ants
"isad+anta$es
4on$er 8ootprintM +s.
'o)nter!ow i!m i!!
Not or !ow water G)a!ity
pro'esses
3. Types of Towers
App!i'ations
-KACM ind)stria!M power
$ood to moderate water G)a!ity
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %%
Indu#ed Draft ' Counterflow +Splash,
Ad+anta$es
Sp!ash i!! to!erates poorer
water G)a!ity
"isad+anta$es
Interna! A''ess or "istri;)tion
System C!eanin$
=!owo)t ANOT "ritC
Noise AWater 6 8ansC
-ei$htM +ers)s i!m i!!M 'ross!ow
sp!ash i!!
-i$her P)mp -ead +ers)s i!m i!!M
'ross!ow sp!ash i!!
3. Types of Towers
App!i'ations
-KACM ind)stria!M power
$ood to moderate water G)a!ity
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %(
Indu#ed Draft ' Counterflow ' $ilm
Ad+anta$es
Sma!! 8ootprint
In Ind)stria! Si/es@
-ei$ht
4ow P)mp -ead
"isad+anta$es
Interna! A''ess
"istri;)tion System C!eanin$
=!owo)t ANOT "ritC
Noise AWater 6 8ansC
3. Types of Towers
App!i'ations
-KAC
C!ean Pro'ess
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %*
$or#ed Draft ' Counterflow ' $ilm
Ad+anta$es
4ow Noise
4ow Proi!e AsomeC
Can ;e ")'ted
Can 4o'ate Indoors
"isad+anta$es
Prone to Re'ir')!ate
Sensiti+e to I'in$
-i$her P)mp -ead
3. Types of Towers
App!i'ations
-KAC
C!ean Pro'ess
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %,
-. "ain Components of a Coolin& Tower
(BASED ON RABIGHII COOLING TOWER PACKAGE)
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %2
General arran&ement ' phase 2
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %7
General arran&ement ' phase 2
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (3
Performan#e #ur.es ' phase 2
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (1
/0uipment Spe#ifi#ations ' phase 2
Co)nter !ow C.Tower me'hani'a! ind)'ed
, 'e!!s 1 1% 9 1* m
Perorman'e "ata
Water Cir')!ation ((33 m
#
0hr
In!et Water Temperat)re (#VC
O)t!et Water temperat)re %#VC
"esi$n Wet =)!; Temperat)re #2VC
8an =reaD Power 1##M2 <W
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (2
/0uipment Spe#ifi#ations ' phase 2
&ateria!s
Tower Str)'t)re@ 8RP
=o!tin$ -ardware@ SS#3%
8an Sta'D@ 8RP
"istri;)tion -eaders@ 8RP
"istri;)tion 4atera! 4ines@ PKC
"istri;)tion Spray No//!es@ PP
"rit E!iminators@ PKC
8i!!@ PKC
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (#
-. "ain Components
-eat transer s)ra'e
Water distri;)tion system
Air mo+ement system
Instr)mentation
Str)'t)re
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (%
1eat Transfer Surfa#e
-i$h Ei'ien'y 8i!m 8i!!
4ow to!eran'e to
o)!ants
PKC sheet materia!
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ((
1eat Transfer Surfa#e
5123 4ow '!o$ i!m i!!
Se! e9tin$)ishin$
PKC sheets
Kerti'a! !)tes 23mm
spa'ed de+e!oped to
hand!e hi$h t)r;id
waters A e.$. sea
water C
-i$h e9'han$e
spe'ii' area A1%2
m20m#C
-i$h Ei'ien'y
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (*
-eat Transer S)ra'e
Sp!ash type i!!
to!erant o o)!in$
wide +ariety o
materia!s and shapes
red)'ed perorman'e
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (,
Water "istri;)tion Systems
Cross!ow
In!et pipin$
Contro! +a!+es
Se$mented ;asins
Gra+ity !ow
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (2
Water "istri;)tion Systems
Co)nter!ow
Riser
In!et +a!+e
Interna! header
4atera! pipes
Press)ri/ed no//!es
2. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (7
Water "istri;)tion Systems
E'oJet No//!e
Co)nter!ow
In'rease o air0water
'onta't
Uniorm spray
distri;)tion
Se! '!eanin$
4ow head
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *3
E!iminators
"esi$n $oa!s
minimi/e drit
minimi/e press)re !oss
thro)$h e!iminators
Red)'e p!en)m press)re
!oss ;y air enterin$ ans
in proper air dire'tion
-. "ain Components

When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *1
-. "ain Components
"rit e!iminator e9amp!es
She!! type A-1moonC Ce!!)!ar type
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *2
Air &o+in$ System
8ans
Power Train
&otor
"ri+e shat
Gear;o9
TorG)e resistin$ s)pport
system
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *#
A9ia! 8an
-. "ain Components
&an)a't)rer@ Coim'o
"iameter@ 7M1( m
=!ades08an@ 2
=!ade &ateria!@ 8RP
8an Speed@ 117M7 rpm
"esi$n 8an Pit'h@ 2M2
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *%
-. "ain Components
Air &o+in$ System
8an
Power Train
&otor
1*3 DW rated power
#1( S0& rame
%*3 K
# phases0(3-/
1,73 rpm
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *(
Air &o+in$ System
8an
Power Train
Gear red)'er@
&an)a't)rer@ -ansen Rated
Capa'ity@ ##1 DW
Ser+i'e 8a'tor@ 2M1
Red)'tion ratio@ 1%.7###
Oi! !);ri'ation
4a;yrinth at o)tp)t
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there **
Air &o+in$ System
Gear red)'er
E9terna! !);ri'ation
pipe arran$ement
with@
Oi! 8i!! and drain !ine
Kent !ine
4a;yrinth $rease !ine
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *,
Air &o+in$ System
8an
Power Train
Transmission shat
8!e9i;!e e!ements
type
Composite spa'er
Stain!ess stee!
'o)p!in$s
"=SE %333 mm
Antire+erse
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *2
Instrumentation
&e'hani'a! eG)ipment
Ki;ration monitorin$ system A;y otherC
Ki;ration transmitter
A!arm 0 Trip o motor or +ery hi$h +i;rations
Gear red)'er Oi! temperat)re meas)re
Temperat)re $a)$e
Contro! o oi! temperat)re
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *7
Instrumentation
E!e'tri' motor
Windin$ temperat)re
PT133 1 Contin)o)s monitorin$ o temperat)re
A!arm0Trip o motor or hi$h temperat)re
=earin$ temperat)re
PT133 1 Contin)o)s monitorin$ o temperat)re
A!arm0Trip o motor or hi$h temperat)re
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,3
Stru#ture
The 'omp!ete str)'t)re
A'o!)mnsM ;eams and dia$ona!sC
is rea!ised with p)!tr)ded
proi!es in i;er reinor'ed
po!yester.
"ia$ona!s are an'hored to the
'on'rete ;asin with an'horin$
p!ates.
Co!)mns are J)st !ayin$ on the
'on'rete.
On!y ;o!ted 'onne'tions
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,1
Stru#ture
8an "e'DM -andrai!sM Stair
and !adder 'omp!ete!y in
8RP
E9terna! '!addin$M partition
wa!!s in 'orr)$ated 8RP
pane!s
8RP an sta'D
-. "ain Components
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,2
(. Str)'t)ra! "esi$n
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,#
4oads
Wei$ht
Operatin$ !oadsM main!y water
4i+e !oads
wind I seismi'
i'e and snow
maintenan'e !oads
2. Stru#tural Desi&n
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,%
&ateria!s
Stee!
4i$ht ind)stria! and a!!
-KAC
'!ean water maDe1)p
!ow 'ost in -KAC si/es
2. Stru#tural Desi&n
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,(
&ateria!s
-iber!"%%
A!! -KACM !i$ht I hea+y
ind)stria!M power
-and!es a wide ran$e o
water G)a!ity
Intermediate 'ost
2. Stru#tural Desi&n
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,*
&ateria!s
Pre%%+re Tre"ted W&&d
4ar$e -KACM !i$ht I
hea+y ind)stria!M power
-and!es a wide ran$e o
water G)a!ity
4owest 'ost
2. Stru#tural Desi&n
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,,
&ateria!
C&n$rete
4ar$e -KACM !i$ht I
hea+y ind)stria!M power
-and!es most water
G)a!ity app!i'ations
hi$hest 'ost
2. Stru#tural Desi&n
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2(
THANK .OU
-OR .OUR
ATTENTION
78