Eating Disorders

Millions of people in the United States are affected by eating disorders. More than 90% of
those afflicted are adolescents or young adult women. Although all eating disorders share
some common manifestations, anorexia nerosa, bulimia nerosa, and binge eating each hae
distinctie symptoms and ris!s.
"eople who intentionally stare themseles #een while experiencing seere hunger pains$
suffer from anorexia nerosa. %he disorder, which usually begins around the time of puberty,
inoles extreme weight loss to at least &'% below the indiidual(s normal body weight.
Many people with the disorder loo! emaciated but are coninced they are oerweight. )n
patients with anorexia nerosa, staration can damage ital organs such as the heart and
brain. %o protect itself, the body shifts into slow gear* Menstrual periods stop, blood pressure
rates drop, and thyroid function slows. +xcessie thirst and fre,uent urination may occur.
-ehydration contributes to constipation, and reduced body fat leads to lowered body
temperature and the inability to withstand cold. Mild anemia, swollen .oints, reduced muscle
mass, and light/headedness also commonly occur in anorexia nerosa.
Anorexia nerosa sufferers can exhibit sudden angry outbursts or become socially withdrawn.
0ne in ten cases of anorexia nerosa leads to death from staration, cardiac arrest, other
medical complications, or suicide. 1linical depression and anxiety place many indiiduals
with eating disorders at ris! for suicidal behaior.
"eople with bulimia nerosa consume large amounts of food and then rid their bodies of the
excess calories by omiting, abusing laxaties or diuretics, ta!ing enemas, or exercising
obsessiely. Some use a combination of all these forms of purging. )ndiiduals with bulimia
who use drugs to stimulate omiting, bowel moements, or urination may be in considerable
danger, as this practice increases the ris! of heart failure. -ieting heaily between episodes of
binging and purging is common.
2ecause many indiiduals with bulimia binge and purge in secret and maintain normal or
aboe normal body weight, they can often successfully hide their problem for years. 2ut
bulimia nerosa patients3een those of normal weight3can seerely damage their bodies
by fre,uent binge eating and purging. )n rare instances, binge eating causes the stomach to
rupture4 purging may result in heart failure due to loss of ital minerals such as potassium.
5omiting can cause the esophagus to become inflamed and glands near the chee!s to become
swollen. As in anorexia nerosa, bulimia may lead to irregular menstrual periods.
"sychological effects include compulsie stealing as well as possible indications of
obsessie/compulsie disorder, an illness characteri6ed by repetitie thoughts and behaiors.
0bsessie compulsie disorder can also accompany anorexia nerosa. As with anorexia
nerosa, bulimia typically begins during adolescence. +entually, half of those with anorexia
nerosa will deelop bulimia. %he condition occurs most often in women but is also found in
men.
2inge/eating disorder is found in about 7% of the general population. As many as one/third
of this group are men. )t also affects older women, though with less fre,uency. 8ecent
research shows that binge/eating disorder occurs in about 90% of people participating in
medically superised weight/control programs. %his disorder differs from bulimia because its
sufferers do not purge. )ndiiduals with binge/eating disorder feel that they lose control of
themseles when eating. %hey eat large ,uantities of food and do not stop until they are
uncomfortably full. Most sufferers are oerweight or obese and hae a history of weight
fluctuations. As a result, they are prone to the serious medical problems associated with
obesity, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. 0bese indiiduals also
hae a higher ris! for gallbladder disease, heart disease, and some types of cancer. Usually
they hae more difficulty losing weight and !eeping it off than do people with other serious
weight problems. :i!e anorexic and bulimic sufferers who exhibit psychological problems,
indiiduals with binge/eating disorder hae high rates of simultaneously occurring
psychiatric illnesses, especially depression.
;atalities occur in what percent of people with anorexia nerosa<
a. 7%
b. &0%
c. &'%
d. 90%
=hich of the following conse,uences do all the eating disorders mentioned in the passage
hae in common<
a. heart ailments
b. stomach rupture
c. swollen .oints
d. diabetes
According to the passage, people with binge/eating disorder are prone to all of the
following except
a. loss of control.
b. depression.
c. low blood pressure.
d. high cholesterol.
=hich of the following is not a statement about people with eating disorders<
a. "eople with anorexia nerosa commonly hae a blood/related deficiency.
b. "eople with anorexia nerosa perceie themseles as oerweight.
c. %he female population is the primary group affected by eating disorders.
d. ;ifty percent of people with bulimia hae had anorexia nerosa.
"eople who hae an eating disorder but neertheless appear to be of normal weight are
most li!ely to hae
a. obsessie/compulsie disorder.
b. bulimia nerosa.
c. binge/eating disorder.
d. anorexia nerosa.
>landular functions of eating/disorder patients slow down as a result of
a. lowering body temperatures.
b. excessie thirst and urination.
c. protectie measures ta!en by the body.
d. the loss of essential minerals.
%he inability to eliminate body waste is related to
a. dehydration.
b. an inflamed esophagus.
c. the abuse of laxaties.
d. weight/control programs.
According to the passage, which of the following is true of bulimia patients<
a. %hey may demonstrate unpredictable social behaior.
b. %hey often engage in compulsie exercise.
c. %hey are less susceptible to dehydration than are anorexia patients.
d. %hey fre,uently experience stomach ruptures.
=hich of the following represent up to two/thirds of the binge eating disorder
population<
a. older males
b. older females
c. younger males
d. younger females