Chapter 4 Study Guide

1) Who were the scientists who frst observed living and nonliving
cells?
Hooke nonliving cells
!eewenhoek living cells
") What research was done that led to teh develop#ent o$ cell theory?
Shleiden plants are #ade o$ cells % Virchow
Shwann ani#als are #ade o$ cells % & & &
') (he Cell (heory)
*ll living things are #ade o$ cells
Cells are the basic units o$ li$e
*ll cells co#e $ro# other cells
4) Why is the cell considered the basic unit o$ li$e?
Cells are teh s#allest units structually and $unctionally
+) What is the relationship between a cell,s shape and $unction?
* cells shape deter#ines its $unction
-) What is the $actor that li#its cell si.e?
(he sur$acetovolu#e ratio
/) What are the ' basic parts o$ a cell?
cell #e#brane
control center 012*)
cytoplas#
3) What are the di4erences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

5uk 2ucleus6#e#branebound organelles
7ro 2one o$ the above
8) What are the levels o$ organi.ation in living organis#s?
cells%tissue%organs%organ syste#% organis#
19) What is the structure and $untion o$ a cell,s plas#a #e#brane?
(he cell #e#brane is #ade o$ phosphplipids and proteins: *llows
certain substances in and out
11) What is the role o$ the nucleus?
Hold 12* % controls the $unctions o$ the cell
1") What are the #a;or organelles and what are their $unctions?
<iboso#es) protein synthesis
=itochondria) provides energy 0*(7)
Golgi *pparatus) packages > delivers substences
!ysoso#es) contains en.y#es
5ndoplas#ic <eticulu#) S#ooth) #akes lipids
<ough) #akes proteins
1') What are the characteristics o$ #itochondria?

Has 12* and is double#e#braned
14) What is the structure and $unction o$ the cytoskeleton?
Cytoskeleton) #ade o$ protein fbers? gives cell structure and
support? allows #ove#ent o$ organelles
1+) What ' structures do plant cells have that ani#al cells do not?
cell wall
central vacuole
chloroplasts
1-) What are the di4erences between the pri#ary cell wall? the
secondary cell wall? and the plas#a #e#brane?
7las#a #e#brane) contains phospholipids and proteins
7ri#ary cell wall) cellulose? can grow
Secondary cell wall) cellulose? can,t grow
1/) What are the roles o$ the central vacuole?
Holds H"9? en.y#es? and waste
13) What are the roles o$ plastids and plant cells?

7hotosynthesis? energy storage 0starch)
18) What are the di4erences between eukaryote and prokaryotes and
between ani#al and plat cells?
7rokaryotes no organelles6nucleus 7lants) cell
wall6plastids6vacuole
5ukaryotes organelles6nucleus *ni#al) no cell wall6no
plastids6no vacuole