Wounds

Permanent infirmity: loss of an organ or it's function .

Abrasions
Pressure abrasion: when a blunt object is in contact with a body for a long time and it
takes the shape of the instrument e.g. rope in suicide .
Bruises (contusions) :
Ecchymosis < bruise < contusion < hematoma (the largest)
Factors affecting the size of the bruise :
nset of death : the faster the person dies the smaller the bruise! and the slower the
death the bigger the bruise. "ecause there will be more bleeding .
"lood diseases: the most important factor affecting the si#e. $%&
'ge: kids bruise more because they ha(e more fat! and old people bruise easily
because of li(er disease! atherosclerosis! and other aging blood (essels diseases .
)e*: women bruise easily due to more fat maybe .
Effect of gra(ity :
+f the hit is on the head the bruise will be only in the upper eyelid
'nd you may find scratches on the head .
Difference between hypostasis and bruises
,ypostasis: the blood will be inside the blood (essels with no swelling .
"ruises: the blood is outside the blood (essels with swelling .
"ruises can be dangerous if :
-hey occur in a trigger #one! because there will be a parasympathetic stimulation .
Cotused (lacerated) wounds :
-he most important feature is that the ha(e irregular edges .
-here will be more infection because there is minimal bleeding .
"ridging of tissue: lacerated wounds cause bridging of tissue. .er(es and tendons are
intact while the subcutaneous tissue and the fat under these tendons are compressed
by the instrument! so the ner(es and tendons look like a bridge .
-here are areas where the lacerated wounds look like cut wounds. -his happens in
stretched skin like the scalp and the chin of the tibia .
Incised wounds :
-hey ha(e more bleeding so less infection .
+f there is no sepsis: /01/2 days complete healing of primary intention. +t 's different
between people e.g. young and healthy against an old and diabetic .
+f there is sepsis it will be more difficult for the surrounding tissue to heal .
-he incised wound sometimes looks like a lacerated wound. +t happens in area of
loose skin e.g. sole of feet! palm of hand! obese abdomen! thigh! a*illa .
Stab wound
-he stab wound is penetrating in 3P$)
Pleura! Peritoneum! Pericardium! $eninges! )yno(ium
Complications of wounds :
)hock causes tachypnea! hypotension! subnormal weak pulse! pallor e*cept
sympathetic and septic shock. -hey don't cause all these features .
Neurogenic shock
4agal shock is the most dangerous because it causes inhibition of the heart .
%an be due to an*iety due to surprise .
)ympathetic shock happens when there is an*iety and the person is prepared for the
stimulus! but in parasympathetic it's a surprise to the person .
raumatic shock
happens in torturing with blunt instruments .
!emorrhagic shock
500 cc in pericardial sac causes cardiac temponade .
Types of hemorrhage :
)econdary hemorrhage occurs because bacteria releases lytic en#ymes .
"mbolism :
#enous air embolism
,appens in faulty techni6ue of blood transfusion .
$at embolism
%ould be a bone marrow embolism after fracture of long bones or with injection of
contrast media in radiological procedures .
hromboembolism are the $)- common ones .
Infections :
+n tetanus a single wound may cause death .
%C&s
'(ulsion is a type of :
a. %hop wound .
b. +ncised wound .
c'(aceration '
d. .one of the abo(e .
+'m not really sure about this answer! + got it from an old $%&! online it said that
a(ulsion is similar to abrasions but more se(ere. '(ulsion is grade 3 of abrasions and
in(ol(es damage to the subcutaneous layer and the skin! and it is an injury in which a
body structure is forcibly detached .
+ would choose none of the abo(e in the e*am 7
,ealing by color change occurs in :
a. 'brasion
b. Contusion
c. %ontused wound
' cut wound may look like contused wound in :
a. 8orehead
b. (er the chin of the tibia
c' A)illa
d. 8orehead
e. %hest wall
Permanent infirmity means :
a. 9oss of more than organ
b' (oss of organ or its function
"ridging of the tissue :
a' Contused wound
b. %ut wound
:hich of the following is not a characteristic of abrasions :
a. ,emorrhage
b. Pressure
c' "mbolism
$9 classification of wound +s :
a. 'natomical classification
b. ;epends on the shape of the wound
c' *epends on the t+pe of instrument
+f the knife penetrate the heart :
a. )tab punctured wound
b' Stab penetrating wound
"one fracture :
a'$at embolism
<ellow color in contusions is due to :
a. "ili(erdin in the 2th day
b' Bilirubin in the ,th da+
'brasion may cause death due to:
a1neurogenic shock
b1heamorrhage
c1depressed bone
d1tetanus infection
e1embolism
' cut wound:
a- !as a regular edge
b1 is caused by blunt instrument
c1 %auses minimal bleeding
d1 9eads to permenant infirmity
e1 +s accompanied by abrasions
9acerated wound:
a1 has irregular edges
b1 may be caused by a stick
c1 usually lead to minimal bleeding
d1 may be caused by stone
e- an+ of the abo.e
"ruises are caused by:
a1 )harp instrument
b- ")tra.asation of blood
c1 "lood heamolysis
d1 =ra(itation of blood
e1 .one of the abo(e
,ealing without scar formation occurs usually in:
a1 'brasions
b1 "ruises
c1 +ncised wounds
d- A/b
e1 '>c
f1 ">c
%ontusion may take the shape of striking surface if caused by :
a1)tone
b1-ire
c-stick
d1,ammer
' 22 years old man had a fracture of the right tibia. 'fter 3 days the most e*pected
dangerous complication is :
a1)hock
b-$at embolism
c1"one marrow embolism
d1?eactionary hemorrhage
:hich of the following causes pressure at :.@
a1)tone
b1Anife
c10ope
d-Stick
-he most dangerous type of wound is :
a1'brasion
b1%ut wound
c1lacerated wounds
d1bruise
e-stab penetrating wound
'brasion ne(er cause :
a1Pressure
b1"leeding
c1;ry scab
d1-etanus infection
e-embolism
-he mechanism of death from stab wounds is:
a'!emorrhage.
b.-ruama
c.)hock
d.' B "
e." B %
,itting by thick hea(y iron bar (stick) causes:
a1'brasion.
b1%ontusion
c1%ur(ed contusion
d-(acerated wound
e1"ruise.
' study is performed analy#ing patterns of injury. ne type of injury! typically made
with a blunt object! can be seen on physical e*amination and can be dated by the color
change that takes place o(er time. :hich of the following terms is most likely to
describe this injury C
a.9aceration
b. 'brasion
c. Puncture
d' Contusion
e. +ncised wound
abrasions are useful in the diagnosis of :
a. ruptured hymen
b' wound b+ hea.+ stick
c. strangulation by umbilical cord
d. suicidal cut throat
e. time passed since death
ne of the following is .- a delayed cause of death from injury :
a.-etanus .
b. 8at embolism .
c.-hromboembolism .
d' Air embolism '
if there are any notes contact me
b.m.asseryDgmail.com