Hire Purchase and Instalment Sale Transactions

11
Hire Purchase and Instalment Sale

Transactions
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Understand the salient features and nature of Hire purchase transactions.
Journalise the Hire purchase entries both in the books of hire purchaser and the hire
vendor.
Learn various methods of accounting for hire purchase transactions.
Ascertain various missing values, required while accounting the hire purchase
transactions, on the basis of given information.
Calculate and record the value of repossessed goods and also to calculate the profit
on re-sale of such goods.
Draw the Hire-purchase Trading Account and calculate the profit on such
transactions.
Evaluate the profit on hire purchase of goods of small value.
Understand the instalment payment system and also how it is different from hire
purchase transactions.
1. Introduction
With an increasing demand for better life, the consumption of goods has been on the
expanding scale. But, this has not been backed up by adequate purchasing power,
transforming it into effectual demand, i.e., actual sale at set or settled prices. This has created
the market for what is called hire purchase.
When a person wants to acquire an asset but is not sure to make payment within a stipulated
period of time he may pay in instalments if the vendor agrees. This enables the purchaser to
use the asset while paying for it in instalments over an agreed period of time. This type of a
business deal is known as hire purchase transaction. Here, the customer pays the entire
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
Hire Purchase and Instalment Sale Transactions 11.2

amount either in monthly or quarterly or yearly instalments, while the asset remains the
property of the seller until the buyer squares up his entire liability. For the seller, the agreed
instalments include his interest on the assets given on credit to the purchaser. Therefore,
when the total amount is paid in instalments over a period of time is certainly higher than the
cash down price of the article because of interest charges. Obviously, both the parties gain in
the bargain. By virtue of this, the purchaser has the right of immediate use of the asset without
making down right payment from his own, by this, he gets both credit and product from the
same seller. From sellers view point, he derives the benefit by increase in sale and also he
recovers his own cost of credit.
2. Nature of Hire Purchase Agreement
Under the Hire Purchase System the Hire Purchaser gets possession of the goods at the
outset and can use it, while paying for it in instalments over a specified period of time as per
the agreement. However, the ownership of the goods remains with the Hire Vendor until the
hire purchaser has paid all the instalments. Each instalment paid by the hire purchaser is
treated as hire charges for using the asset. In case he fails to pay any of the instalments (even
the last one) the hire vendor will take back his goods without compensating the buyer, i.e., the
hire vendor is not going to pay back a part or whole of the amount received through
instalments till the date of default from the buyer.
3. Special Features of Hire Purchase Agreement
1. Possession: The hire vendor transfers only possession of the goods to the hire
purchaser immediately after the contract for hire purchase is made.
2. Installments: The goods are delivered by the hire vendor on the condition that a hire
purchaser should pay the amount in periodical instalments.
3. Down Payment: The hire purchaser generally makes a down payment i.e an amount on
signing the agreement.
4. Constituents of Hire purchase instalments: Each instalment consists partly of a
finance charge (interest) and partly of a capital payment.
5. Ownership: The property in goods is to pass to the hire purchaser on the payment of the
last instalment and exercising the option conferred upon him under the agreement.
6. Repossession: In case of default in respect of payment of even the last instalment, the
hire vendor has the right to take the goods back without making any compensation.
4. Terms used in Hire Purchase Agreements
1. Hire Vendor: Hire vendor is a person who delivers the goods alongwith its possession
to the hire purchaser under an hire purchase agreement.
11.3 Acc
2. Hire Pu
same fr
3. Cash P
cash.
4. Down P
hire pur
5. Hire Pu
purchas
agreem
agreem
6. Hire pu
ownersh
price an
5. Asce
We know tha
price. Somet
total cash pri
5.1. Calcula
In this metho
of the approp
For example
are payable.
instalment, t
payment will
In this conne
4
th
instalmen
2
nd
instalmen
We know tha
Witho
ounting
urchaser: Hir
om hire vend
Price: Cash p
Payment: D
rchaser at the
urchase Ins
ser has to pa
ent to obtai
ent. It compri
urchase price
hip of the ass
nd interest on
ertainmen
at the basis
times, the tot
ce, we can u
ation of Tot
od, the interes
priate formula
in a hire pur
. The interes
then on the
be nil.
ection, it shou
nt to the 3
rd
in
nt to the 1
st
in
at interest is to
ut using ann
re purchaser
or under an h
price is the a
own paymen
e time of ente
talment: Hir
ay after a re
n the owner
ises of princip
e: It means th
set purchased
outstanding
t of Total
for accountin
al cash price
se any of the
tal Cash Pri
st included in
a (explained b
rchase transa
st will be ca
2
nd
instalme
uld be noted t
nstalment, fro
stalment.
o be calculate
Calculat
uity table

is a person w
hire purchase
mount to be
t is the initia
ring into hire
re purchase
eguler interva
rship of the
pal amount an
he total sum
d under hire
balances.
Cash Pric
ng in the boo
e may not be
following me
ce without
the last insta
below).
action, apart f
alculated firs
nt and lastly
hat the amou
om the 3
rd
ins
ed on the out
tion of total c
Wit
who obtains th
e agreement.
paid by the
al payment m
purchase agr
instalment is
al upto certa
asset purch
nd the interes
payable by th
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ce
oks of the hir
given. For th
ethods accord
using Annu
alment is to b
from down pa
st on the 4
th
y on the 1
st

unt of interest
stalment to th
standing bala
cash price
h the help of
he goods and
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ade to the h
reement.
s the amoun
ain period as
ased under
st on the unpa
he hire purcha
reement. It c
re purchaser
he purpose o
ding to the ne
uity Table
be calculated
ayment, four
h
instalment,
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t will go on in
he 2
nd
instalm
ance of cash
f annuity table
d rights to use
tright purchas
ire vendor by
nt which the
s specified in
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aser to obtain
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is the total
f ascertaining
eed.
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other instalm
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e
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n the
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m the
m the

In this case, we will have to calculate the interest with the help of the total amount due on hire
purchase price since the cash price is not known. For the purpose of calculating the interest,
the following steps should be followed:
Step 1: Calculate the ratio between interest and the amount due with the help of the
following formula:

interest of Rate 100
interest of Rate
due amount and interest of Ratio
+
=
Step 2: Calculate the interest included in the last instalment by applying the following
formula:
Interest = Total amount due at the time of instalment x Ratio of interest and amount
due (as calculated in step 1)
Step 3: Subtract the interest (as calculated in step 2) from this instalment to get the amount
of outstanding cash price at the time of last instalment.
Step 4: Add the cash price calculated in Step 3 to the amount of instalment due at the end
of the third year.
Step 5: Calculate the interest on the entire sum (cash price included in the 4
th
instalment +
amount of 3
rd
instalment). Deduct this interest from the total amount due at the end
of 3
rd
year to get the outstanding cash price at the time of 3
rd
instalment.
Step 6: Add the cash price calculated in step 5 to the amount of instalment due at the end
of 2nd year.
Step 7: Calculate the interest on the entire sum so obtained in Step 6. Deduct this interest
from the total amount due at the end of 2
nd
year to get the outstanding cash price at
the time of 2
nd
instalment.
Step 8: Add the cash price calculated in Step 7 to the amount of instalment due at the end
of 1
st
year.
Step 9: Calculate the interest on the entire sum so obtained in Step 8. Deduct this interest
from the total amount due at the end of 1
st
year to get the outstanding cash price at
the time of 1
st
instalment.
Step 10: Add the cash price calculated in Step 9 to the amount of down payment, if any. The
sum so obtained will be the total cash price.
Illustration 1
Asha purchased a truck on hire purchase system. As per terms he is required to pay
` 70,000 down, ` 53,000 at the end of first year, ` 49,000 at the end of second year and
` 55,000 at the end of third year. Interest is charged @ 10% p.a.
You are required to calculate the total cash price of the truck and the interest paid with each
instalment.

11.5 Accounting

Solution
(1) Ratio of interest and amount due =
Rateof interest 10
1
11
100 Rateof interest 110
= =
+

(2) Calculation of Interest and Cash Price
No. of
instalments
Amount due at the
time of instalment
Interest Cash price
[1] [2] [3] [4]
3
rd
55,000 1/11 of ` 55,000 =` 5,000 50,000
2
nd
*99,000 1/11 of ` 99,000 = ` 9,000 90,000
1
st
**1,43,000 1/11of ` 1,43,000 = ` 13,000 1,30,000
Total cash price = ` 1,30,000+ 70,000 (down payment) =` 2,00,000.
*` 50,000 + 2
nd
instalment of ` 49,000 = ` 99,000.
** ` 90,000 + 1
st
instalment of ` 53,000 = ` 1,43,000.
Illustration 2
A acquired on 1st January, 2012 a machine under a Hire-Purchase agreement which provides
for 5 half-yearly instalments of ` 6,000 each, the first instalment being due on 1st July, 2012.
Assuming that the applicable rate of interest is 10 per cent per annum, calculate the cash
value of the machine. All working should form part of the answer.
Solution
Statement showing cash value of the machine acquired on hire-purchase basis
Instalment
Amount

Interest @ 5% half
yearly (10% p.a.) =
5/105 = 1/21
(in each instalment)
Principal Amount (in
each instalment)
` ` `
5th Instalment 6,000 286 5,714
Less: Interest (286)
5,714
Add: 4th Instalment 6,000
11,714 558 5,442
Less: Interest (558) (11,1565,714)
11,156
Add: 3rd instalment 6,000
17,156 817 5,183
Less: Interest (817) (16,33911,156)
16,339
Add: 2nd instalment 6,000

22,339 1,063 4,937
Less: Interest (1,063) (21,27616,339)
21,276
Add: 1st instalment 6,000
27,276 1,299 4,701
Less: Interest (1,299) (25,97721,276)
25,977 4,023 25,977
The cash purchase price of machinery is ` 25,977.
5.2 Calculation of Total Cash Price with the help of Annuity Table
Cash price = Down payment + Present value of instalments
Present value of instalments is calculated as follows:
(a) If present value of an annuity of ` 1 for a given period, at given rate of interest, is given
Present value of instalments = Annual instalments x Present value of an annuity of ` 1 for a
given period at given rate of interest
= Annual instalment x
( )
( )
n
n
1 r 1
r 1 r
+
+

(b) If annuity to recover ` 1 during a given period at given rate of interest is given
= Annual instalment x
( )
( )
n
n
r 1 r
1 r 1
+
+

6. Ascertainment of Interest
We know that the hire purchase price consists of two elements: (i) cash price; and (ii) interest.
Cash price is the capital expenditure incurred for the acquisition of an asset and (ii) interest is the
revenue expense for the delay in making the full payment. Ascertainment of any of these two gives
the answer for the other, e.g., if we ascertain the total amount of interest, it becomes very simple to
ascertain the cash price just by deducting the amount of interest from the hire purchase price.
Interest is charged on the amount outstanding. Therefore, if the hire purchaser makes a down
payment on signing the contract, it will not include any amount of interest. It should be noted
that though the instalments of a hire purchase agreement may be equal, the interest element
in each instalment is not the same.
At the time of calculating interest, students may face the following two situations:
(a) When the cash price, rate of interest and the amount of instalments are given; and
(b) When the cash price and the amount of instalments are given, but the rate of interest is not given.
Now, let us consider the above two situations.
11.7 Accounting

6.1 When the cash price, rate of interest and the amount of instalments are
given
In this situation, the total amount of interest is to be ascertained first. It is the difference
between the hire purchase price (down payment + total instalments) and the cash price. To
calculate the amount of interest involved in each instalment the following steps are followed:
Step 1: Deduct down payment from the cash price. Calculate the interest at the given rate on
the remaining balance. This represents the amount of interest included in the first
instalment.
Step 2: Deduct the interest of Step 1 from the amount of first instalment. The resultant figure
is the cash price included in the first instalment.
Step 3: Deduct the cash price of the 1
st
instalment (Step 2) from the balance due after down
payment. It represents the amount outstanding after the 1
st
instalment is paid.
Step 4: Calculate the interest at the given rate on the balance outstanding after the 1
st

instalment. Deduct this interest from the amount of the 2
nd
instalment to get the cash
price included in the 2
nd
instalment.
Step 5: Deduct the cash price of the 2
nd
instalment (Step 4) from the balance due after the 1
st

instalment. It represents the amount outstanding after the 2
nd
instalment is paid.
Repeat the above steps till the last instalment is paid.
Illustration 3
Om Ltd. purchased a machine on hire purchase basis from Kumar Machinery Co. Ltd. on the
following terms:
(a) Cash price ` 80,000
(b) Down payment at the time of signing the agreement on 1.1.2013 ` 21,622.
(c) 5 annual instalments of ` 15,400, the first to commence at the end of twelve months
from the date of down payment.
(d) Rate of interest is 10% p.a.
You are required to calculate the total interest and interest included in cash instalment.
Solution:
Calculation of interest
Total (`) Interest in each
instalment (1)
Cash price in
each instament
(2)
Cash Price 80,000
Less : Down Payment 21,622 Nil ` 21,622

Balance due after down
payment
58,378
Interest/Cash Price of 1
st

instalment
- ` 58,378 x10/100 = ` 5,838 ` 15,400
` 5,838= ` 9,562
Less : Cash price of 1
st
instalment (9,562)
Balance due after 1
st
instalment 48,816
Interest/cash price of 2
nd

instalment
- ` 48,816 x 10/100 = ` 4,882 ` 15,400 -
` 4,882= ` 10,518
Less: Cash price of 2
nd
instalment (10,518)
Balance due after 2
nd
instalment 38,298
Interest/Cash price of 3
rd

instalment
- ` 38,298 10/100 = ` 3,830 ` 15,400 -
` 3,830= ` 11,570
Less: Cash price of 3
rd
instalment (11,570)
Balance due after 3
rd
instalment 26,728
th

instalment
- ` 26,728 x10/100 = ` 2,672 ` 15,400 -
` 2,672 = ` 12,728
th
instalment (12,728)
Balance due after 4
th
instalment 14,000
th

instalment
- `14,000 x10/100 =` 1,400 ` 15400
` 1,400= 14,000
th
instalment (14,000)
Total Nil ` 18,622 ` 80,000
Total interest can also be calculated as follow:
(Down payment + instalments) Cash Price = ` [21,622 +(15400 x 5)] ` 80,000 =
` 18,622
6.2 When the cash price and the amount of instalments are given, but the rate of
interest is not given
When the rate of interest is not given, but the cash price and the amount of instalments are
given, the following steps are followed to calculate the interest:
Step 1: Calculate the total interest by deducting the cash price from the hire purchase price
(i.e., down payment + amount of instalment x number of instalments).
Step 2: Deduct down payment from the hire purchase price.
11.9 Accounting

Step 3: Calculate the amount of outstanding balance of the hire purchase price at the
beginning of each year.
Step 4: Calculate the ratio of outstanding balance of Step 3.
Step 5: Calculate the amount of interest of each instalment on the basis of the ratio of Step 4.
Illustration 4
A Ltd. purchases a plant on hire purchase basis for ` 1,00,000 and makes the payment in the
following order:
Down payment ` 20,000,
the 1
st
instalment after one year ` 40,000;
the 2
nd
instalment after two years ` 20,000
and the last instalment after three years.
The cash price of the plant is ` 86,000.
You are required to calculate: (i) the total interest and (ii) the interest included in each
instalment.
Solution :
(i) Total interest = Hire Purchase price Cash price = ` 1,00,000 ` 86,000 =
` 14,000
(ii) Hire purchase price outstanding at the beginning of each year.
`
Hire purchase price 1,00,000
Less: Down payment (20,000)
(a) Hire Purchase Price outstanding at the beginning of the 1
st
year 80,000
Less 1
st
instalment (40,000)
(b) Hire Purchase price outstanding at the beginning of the 2
nd
year 40,000
Less: 2
nd
instalment (20,000)
(c) Hire Purchase Price outstanding at the beginning of the 3
rd
year 20,000
Less: 3
rd
instalment (20,000)
Nil
Ratio of (a) : (b) : (c) = 80:40:10 or 4:2:1
Interest of 1
st
instalment = 4/7 x ` 14,000 = ` 8,000. Interest of 2
nd
instalment = 2/7 x
` 14,000 = ` 4,000.
And interest of 3
rd
instalment = 1/7 x ` 14,000 = ` 2,000

6.3 When the amount of instalment is given but cash price and rate of interest
not given
The difference between any two successive instalments represents the least amount of
interest charged in the last year. The amount of interest for each year is calculated as follows:
Interest for 1
st
year = Difference between two successive instalments x (N)
Interest for 2
nd
year = Difference between two successive instalments x (N-1)
Interest for 3
rd
Interest for 4
th
Interest for 5
th
year onwards = Difference between two successive instalments x (N-4)
Note N denotes the number of instalments.
Illustration 5
X Ltd. purchased a machine on hire purchase basis from Y Ltd. on the following terms: (a)
Cash Down payment- `1,58,500 (b) Four instalments of ` 2,21,900, ` 2,06,050, ` 1,90,200
and ` 1,74,350 at the end of the 1
st
year, 2
nd
year, 3
rd
year and 4
th
year respectively. (c) The
payment of cash price in each instalment is uniform. Compute the amount of interest and total
cash price of the machine.
Solution
Difference between any two successive instalments represents the least amount of interest
charged in the last year i.e. ` 2,21,900 ` 2,06,050 = ` 15,850.
Thus, interest for the 3
rd
year = Least amount of interest x 2
i.e. ` 15,850 x 2 = ` 31,700.
nd
year = ` 15,850 x 3 = ` 47,550
st
year = ` 15,850 x 4 = ` 63,400
Thus, allocation of instalment between cash price and interest is as follows:
Year Instalment (`) Interest (`) Cash Price (`)
1 2,21,900 63,400 1,58,500
2 2,06,050 47,550 1,58,500
3 1,90,200 31,700 1,58,500
4 1,74,350 15,850 1,58,500
Total 7,92,500 1,58,500 6,34,000
Total cash price = ` 6,34,000 + ` 1,58,500 = ` 7,92,500.
7. Accounting Arrangements of Hire Purchase Transaction
The method of accounting for hire purchase transactions depends on the value of sales.
11.11 Acc
Asset taken o
However, it
Purchase.
books as a
amount of h
due.
8. Hire
Valu
8.1 In the B
There are fo
the hire-purc
1. Cash pr
2. Interest
8.1.1. Cash p
Under this m
to the Hire V
and Hire Ve
instalment is
time of prepa
asset is show
is shown in t
Asset Accoun

Cash price
ounting
on hire purch
t is necessa
Accordingly
liabilityH
hire purchase
Purchas
e
Books of Hi
llowing two m
haser:
rice method
suspense me
price method
ethod, the ful
Vendor Accou
endor Accou
paid, the Hi
aration of Fin
wn in the Bala
he Balance S
nt).
Substanti
method
ase basis sho
ary to disclo
y, amount du
Hire Purchas
e instalment
e Transa
ire Purchas
methods of re
ethod
d
ll cash price o
unt. At the tim
nt is credite
re Vendor Ac
nal Accounts,
ance Sheet a
Sheet as a lia
If
ial value
Interest suspen

ould be consi
ose this fac
ue to the hir
se Creditors
due and am
ctions fo
ser
ecording the
of the asset is
me of paymen
ed (with the
ccount is deb
, interest is t
t cost less de
ability (alterna
Method of ac
f sales value of
nse method
idered like ord
ct by classi
re vendor sh
with additi
mount of hire
r Goods
hire purchas
s debited to t
nt of instalme
interest on
bited and Ba
ransferred to
epreciation. T
atively it can
ccounting
f goods is of
Debtorsmetho
dinary purcha
ifying it as
hould also b
ional such c
purchase in
of Subst
e transaction
he Asset Acc
nt, Interest A
outstanding
nk Account is
o Profit and L
The balance d
be shown as
Small va
od Stoc
ase.
Asset on
be shown in
classification
nstalment no
tantial Sa
ns in the book
count and cred
Account is de
balance). W
s credited. A
Loss Account
due to hire ve
a deduction
alue
ckanddebtors

Hire
n his
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ot yet
ales
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At the
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endor
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method

Accounting
To have proper accounting record, one should know: (1) Date of purchase of the asset; (2)
Cash price of the asset; (3) Hire purchase price of the asset; (4) The amount of down
payment; (5) Number and amount of each instalment; (6) Rate of interest; (7) Method and rate
of depreciation; (8) Date of payment of every instalment; and (9) Date of closing the books of
account.
Journal Entries
1. On entering into the agreement
Asset Account Dr. [Full cash price]
To Hire Vendor Account
2. When down payment is made
Hire Vendor Account Dr. [Down payment]
To Cash/Bank Account
3. When an instalment becomes due
Interest Account Dr. [Interest on outstanding balance]
4. When an instalment is paid
Hire Vendor Account Dr. [Amount of instalment]
To Bank Account
5. When depreciation is charged on the asset
Depreciation Account Dr. [Calculated on cash price]
To Asset Account
6. For closing interest and depreciation account
Profit and Loss Account Dr.
To Interest Account
To Depreciation Account
However, a firm may maintain Provision for Depreciation A/c instead of charging depreciation
to Hire Purchase Asset A/c. In such case the journal entry is:
Profit and Loss A/c Dr.
To Provision for Depreciation for Asset on Hire Purchase A/c
and naturally, Asset on Hire Purchase is shown at its historical cost.
11.13 Accounting

Disclosure in the balance sheet
Assets
Fixed Assets :
Asset (at cash price) xxxxxxx.xx
Less : Depreciation xxxx.xx
xxxxxxx.xx
Creditors :
Hire Purchase Creditors :
Balance in hire vendor's A/c xxxxx.xx
Instalment due xxxxx.xx
Instalment not yet due xxxxx.xx
Illustration 6
On January 1, 2008 HP M/s acquired a pick-up Van on hire purchase from FM M/s The terms
of the contract were as follows:
(a) The cash price of the van was ` 1,00,000.
(b) ` 40,000 were to be paid on signing of the contract.
(c) The balance was to be paid in annual instalments of ` 20,000 plus interest.
(d) Interest chargeable on the outstanding balance was 6% p.a.
(e) Depreciation at 10% p.a. is to be written-off using the straight-line method.
You are required to:
(a) Give Journal Entries and show the relevant accounts in the books of HP M/s from
January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012; and
(b) Show the relevant items in the Balance Sheet of the purchaser as on December 31,
2010 to 2012.
Solution
In the books of HP M/s
Journal
Date Particulars Dr. Cr.
` `
2010 Pick-up Van A/c Dr. 1,00,000
Jan. 1 To FM M/s A/c 1,00,000
(Being the purchase of a pick-up van on hire
purchase from FM M/s)

FM M/s A/c Dr. 40,000

To Bank A/c 40,000
(Being the amount paid on signing the H.P. contract)
Dec. 31 Interest A/c Dr. 3,600
To FM M/s A/c 3,600
(Being the interest payable @ 6% on ` 60,000
FM M/s A/c (` 20,000+` 3,600) Dr. 23,600
To Bank A/c 23,600
(Being the payment of 1
st
instalment along with
interest)

Depreciation A/c Dr. 10,000
To Pick-up Van A/c 10,000
(Being the depreciation charged @ 10% p.a. on
` 1,00,000)

Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 13,600
To Depreciation A/c 10,000
To Interest A/c 3,600
(Being the depreciation and interest transferred to
Profit and Loss Account)

2011 Interest A/c Dr. 2,400
Dec. 31 To FM M/s A/c 2,400
(Being the interest payable @ 6% on ` 40,000)
FM M/s A/c (` 20,000 + ` 2,400) Dr. 22,400
To Bank A/c 22,400
(Being the payment of 2
nd
instalment along with
interest)

(Being the depreciation charged @ 10% p.a.)
(Being the depreciation and interest charged to

11.15 Accounting

2012 Interest A/c Dr. 1,200
Dec. 31 To FM M/s A/c 1,200
(Being the interest payable @ 6% on ` 20,000)
FM M/s A/c (` 20,000 + ` 1,200) Dr. 21,200
To Bank A/c 21,200
(Being the payment of final instalment along with
interest)

(Being the depreciation charged @ 10% p.a. on
` 1,00,000)

(Being the interest and depreciation charged to

Ledgers in the books of HP M/s
Pick-up Van Account
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
1.1.2010 To FM M/s A/c 1,00,000 31.12.2010 By Depreciation A/c 10,000
31.12.2011 By Balance c/d 90,000
1,00,000 1,00,000
1.1.2011 To Balance b/d 90,000 31.12.2011 By Depreciation A/c 10,000
31.12.2011 By Balance c/d 80,000
90,000 90,000
1.1.2012 To Balance b/d 80,000 31.12.2012 By Depreciation A/c 10,000
31.12.2012 By Balance c/d 70,000
80,000 80,000
FM M/s Account
1.1.10 To Bank A/c 40,000 1.1.10 By Pick-up Van A/c 1,00,000
31.12.10 To Bank A/c 23,600 By Interest c/d 3,600
31.12.10 To Balance c/d 40,000
1,03,600 1,03,600

31.12.11 To Bank A/c 22,400 1.1.11 By Balance b/d 40,000
31.12.11 To Balance c/d 20,000 31.12.11 By Interest A/c 2,400
42,400 42,400
31.12.12 By Interest A/c 1,200
21,200 21,200
Depreciation Account
31.12.2010 To Pick-up Van A/c 10,000 31.12.2010 By Profit & Loss A/c 10,000
Interest Account
31.12.2010 To FM M/s A/c 3,600 31.12.2010 By Profit & Loss A/c 3,600
Balance Sheet of HP M/s as at 31
st
December, 2010
Liabilities ` Assets `
FM M/s 40,000 Pick-up Van 90,000
st
December, 2011
st
December, 2012
8.1.2 Interest suspense method
Under this method, at the time of transfer of possession of asset, the total interest unaccrued
is transferred to interest suspense account. At latter years, as and when interest becomes
due, interest account is debited and interest suspense account is credited.

11.17 Accounting

Journal Entries
1. When the asset is acquired on hire purchase
Asset Account Dr. [Full cash price]
2. For total interest payment is made
H.P. Interest Suspense Account Dr. [Total interest]
3. When down payment is made
Hire Vendor Account Dr.
To Bank Account
4. For Interest of the relevant period
Interest Account Dr. [Interest of the relevant period]
To H.P. Interest Suspense Account
5. When an instalment is paid
Hire Vendor Account Dr.
To Bank Account
6. When depreciation is charged on the asset
Depreciation Account Dr. [Calculated on cash price]
To Asset Account
7. For closing interest and depreciation account
Profit and Loss Account Dr.
To Interest Account
To Depreciation Account
Illustration 7
In illustration 6 assume that the hire purchaser adopted the interest suspense method for
recording his hire purchase transactions. On this basis, prepare H.P. Interest Suspense
Account, Interest Account and FM M/s Accounts and Balance Sheets in the books of hire
purchaser.


Solution
H.P. Interest Suspense Account
1.1.2010 To FM M/s A/c (W.N.) 7,200 31.12.2010 By Interest A/c 3,600
31.12.2010 By Balance c/d 3,600
7,200 7,200
1.1.2011 To Balance b/d 3,600 31.12.2011 By Interest A/c 2,400
31.12.2011 By Balance c/d 1,200
3,600 3,600
1.1.2012 To Balance b/d 1,200 31.12.2012 By Interest A/c 1,200
Interest Account
31.12.2010 To H.P. Interest
Suspense A/c
3,600 31.12.2010 By Profit & Loss A/c 3,600
Suspense a/c
2,400 31.12.2011 By Profit & Loss A/c 2,400
Suspense A/c
1,200 31.12.2012 By Profit & Loss A/c 1,200
FM M/s Account
1.1.2010 To Bank A/c 40,000 1.1.2010 By Pick-up Van A/c 1,00,000
31.12.2010 To Bank A/c 23,600 1.1.2010 By H.P. Interest
Suspense A/c
7,200
31.12.2010 To Balance c/d 43,600
1,07,200 1,07,200
31.12.2011 To Balance c/d 21,200
43,600 43,600
st
December, 2010
FM & Co. Ltd. 43,600 Pick-up Van 1,00,000
Less: H.P. Interest Suspense (3,600) 40,000 Less: Depreciation (10,000) 90,000
11.19 Accounting

st
December, 2011
FM & Co. Ltd. 21,200 Pick-up Van 90,000
Less: H.P. Interest
Suspense

(1,200)

20,000
Less: Depreciation (10,000) 80,000
st
December, 2012
Pick-up Van 80,000
Less: Depreciation (10,000) 70,000
Working Note:
Total Interest = ` 3,600 + ` 2,400 + ` 1,200 = ` 7,200.
Illustration 8
X Ltd. purchased 3 milk vans from Super Motors costing ` 75,000 each on hire purchase
system. Payment was to be made: ` 45,000 down and the remainder in 3 equal instalments
together with interest @ 9%. X Ltd. writes off depreciation @ 20% on the diminishing balance.
It paid the instalment at the end of the 1st year but could not pay the next. Super Motor agreed
to leave one milk van with the purchaser, adjusting the value of the other two milk vans
against the amount due. The milk vans were valued on the basis of 30% depreciation annually
on written down value basis. X Ltd. settled the sellers dues after three months.
Solution
In the Books of X Ltd.
Dr. (` ) Cr. (` )
I Year
Milk Vans purchased:
Milk Vans A/c Dr. 2,25,000
To Vendor A/c 2,25,000
On down payment:
Vendor A/c Dr. 45,000
To Bank 45,000
I Year end
Interest A/c (` 1,80,000 @ 9%) Dr. 16,200
To Vendor A/c 16,200
To Bank A/c 76,200
Depreciation @ 20%

To Milk Vans A/c 45,000
II Year end
Depreciation @ 20%
Interest A/c Dr. 10,800
(1,20,000 @ 9%)
To Vendor A/c 10,800
Return of goods to vendor A/c Dr. 73,500
For Loss in Repossession:
Profit/Loss A/c Dr. 22,500
IIIrd Year Depreciation
Settlement of A/cs
To Bank 57,300
Milk Vans Account
Year ` Year `
1 To Super Motors A/c 2,25,000 1 end By Depreciation A/c 45,000
By Balance c/d 1,80,000
2,25,000 2,25,000
2 To Balance b/d 1,80,000 2 end By Depreciation 36,000
Super Motors
(value of 2 vans after
depreciation for
2 years @ 30%) 73,500
By P & L A/c
(balancing figure) 22,500
By Balance c/d
(one van less depre-
ciation for 2 years) 48,000
1,80,000 1,80,000
11.21 Accounting

Super Motors Account
Year ` Year `
1 To Bank 45,000 1 By Milk Vans A/c 2,25,000
To Bank 76,200 By Interest @ 9%
To Balance c/d 1,20,000 on ` 1,80,000 16,200
2,41,200 2,41,200
2 To Milk Van A/c 73,500 2 By Balance b/d 1,20,000
To Balance c/d 57,300 By Interest 10,800
1,30,800 1,30,800
3 To Bank 57,300 3 By Balance b/d 57,300
Illustration 9
A firm acquired two tractors under hire purchase agreements, details of which were as follows:
Tractor A Tractor B
Date of Purchase 1st April, 2011 1st Oct., 2011
` `
Cash price 14,000 19,000
Deposit 2,000 2,680
Interest (deemed to accrue evenly
over the period of agreement) 2,400 2,880
Both agreements provided for payment to be made in twenty-four monthly instalments,
commencing on the last day of the month following purchase, all instalments being paid on
due dates.
On 30th June, 2012, Tractor B was completely destroyed by fire. In full settlement, on
10th July, 2012 an insurance company paid ` 15,000 under a comprehensive policy out of
which ` 10,000 was paid to the hire purchase company in termination of the agreement. Any
balance on the hire purchase companys account in respect of these transactions was to be
written off.
The firm prepared accounts annually to 31st December and provided depreciation on tractors
on a straight-line basis at a rate of 20 per cent per annum rounded off to nearest ten rupees,
apportioned as from the date of purchase and up to the date of disposal.
You are required to record these transactions in the following accounts, carrying down the
balances on 31st December, 2011 and 31st December, 2012:
(a) Tractors on hire purchase.
(b) Provision for depreciation of tractors.

(c) Disposal of tractors.
(d) Hire purchase company.
Solution
Hire Purchase accounts in the buyers books
(a) Tractors on Hire Purchase Account
2011 ` 2011 `
April 1 To HP Co. - Cash price 14,000 Dec. 31 By Balance c/d
Tractor A 14,000
Oct. 1 HP Co. - Cash price Tractor B 19,000 33,000
Tractor B 19,000
33,000 33,000
2012 ` 2012 `
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d June30 By Disposal of
Tractor A 14,000 Tractor A/c - Transfer 19,000
Tractor B 19,000 33,000 Dec. 31 By Balance c/d 14,000
33,000 33,000
2013
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 14,000
(b) Provision for Depreciation of Tractors Account
2011 ` 2011 `
Dec. 31 To Balance c/d 3,050 Dec. 31 By P & L A/c :
Tractor A 2,100
Tractor B 950 3,050
3,050 3,050
2012 ` 2012 `
June 30 To Disposal of Tractor Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 3,050
accountTransfer 2,850 Jun. 30 By P & L A/c
Dec. 31 To Balance c/d 4,900 (Depn. for Tractor B) 1,900
Dec. 31 By P & L A/c
(Depn. for Tractor A) 2,800
7,750 7,750
2013 `
Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 4,900

11.23 Accounting

(c) Disposal of Tractor Account
2012 ` 2012 `
June 30 To Tractors on hire June30 By Provision for
purchaseTractor B 19,000 Depn. of Tractors A/c 2,850
July 10 By Cash : Insurance 15,000
Dec. 31 By P & L A/c : Loss 1,150
19,000 19,000
Hire Purchase Co. Account
2011 ` 2011 `
April 1 To Cash (deposit April 1 By Tractors on
for Tractor A) 2,000 Hire Purchase A/c
April To Cash6 instal- - Tractor A 14,000
Sept. ments @ ` 600 3,600 Oct. 1 By Tractors on
Oct. 1 To Cashdeposit Hire Purchase A/c
for Tractor B 2,680 Tractor B 19,000
Oct. - To Cash3 instal- Dec. 31 By Interest A/c :
Dec. ments @ ` 600 for For Tractor A
Tractor A 1,800 @ ` 100 for
To Cash3 instal- 9 months ` 900
ments @ ` 800 2,400 For Tractor B
Dec. 31 To Balance c/d 21,780 @ ` 120 for
3 months ` 360 1,260
34,260 34,260
2012 2012
Jan. To Cash6 instalments Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 21,780
@ ` 600 for Tractor A 3,600 Jun. 30 By Interest A/cfor
June To Cash6 instalments Tractor B @ ` 120
@ ` 800 for Tractor B 4,800 for 6 months 720
July 10 To Cash - final instalment Dec. 31 By Interest - for
for Tractor B 10,000 Tractor A @ ` 100
July- To Cash - 6 instalments @ for 12 months 1,200
` 600 for Tractor A 3,600
Dec. To Balance c/d 1,500
To P & L A/cunpaid
amount 200
23,700 23,700


Illustration 10
A machinery is sold on hire purchase. The terms of payment is four annual instalments of
` 6,000 at the end of each year commencing from the date of agreement. Interest is charged
@ 20% and is included in the annual payment of ` 6,000.
Show Machinery Account and Hire Vendor Account in the books of the purchaser who
defaulted in the payment of the third yearly payment whereupon the vendor re-possessed the
machinery. The purchaser provides depreciation on the machinery @ 10% per annum. All
workings should form part of your answers.
Solution
Machinery Account
` `
I Yr. To Hire Vendor A/c 15,533 I Yr. By Depreciation A/c 1,553
By Balance c/d 13,980
15,533 15,533
II Yr. To Balance b/d 13,980 II Yr. By Depreciation A/c* 1,398
13,980 13,980
III Yr. To Balance b/d 12,582 III Yr. By Depreciation A/c* 1,258
By Hire Vendor 11,000
By Profit & Loss A/c 324
(Loss on Surrender)
12,582 12,582
*It has been assumed that depreciation has been written off on written down value method.
Alternatively straight line method may be assumed.
Depreciation has been directly credited to the Machinery Account; it could have been
accumulated in provision for depreciation account.
Hire Vendor Account
` `
I Yr. To Bank A/c 6,000 I Yr. By Machinery A/c 15,533
To Balance c/d 12,639 By Interest A/c 3,106
18,639 18,639
II Yr. To Bank A/c 6,000 II Yr. By Balance b/d 12,639
To Balance c/d 9,167 By Interest A/c 2,528
15,167 15,167
III Yr. To Machinery A/c 11,000 III Yr. By Balance b/d 9,167
(transfer) By Interest A/c 1,833
11,000 11,000
11.25 Accounting

Note : Alternatively, total interest could have been debited to Interest Suspense A/c and
credited to Hire Vendor A/c with consequential changes.
Working Notes:
Instalment Amount Interest Principal
4th Instalment 6,000 ` `
Interest 6,000 x
20
120
1,000 1,000 5,000
5,000
Add : 3rd Instalment 6,000
11,000
Interest 11,000 x
20
120
1,833 1,833 4,167
9,167
Add : 2nd Instalment 6,000
15,167
Interest 15,167 x
20
120
2,528 2,528 3,472
12,639
Add : Ist Instalment 6,000
18,639
Interest 18,639 x
20
120
3,106 3,106 2,894
15,533 8,467 15,533
Illustration 11
X Transport Ltd. purchased from Delhi Motors 3 Tempos costing ` 50,000 each on the hire
purchase system on 1-1-2010. Payment was to be made ` 30,000 down and the remainder in
3 equal annual instalments payable on 31-12-2010, 31-12-2011 and 31-12-2012 together with
interest @ 9%. X Transport Ltd. write off depreciation at the rate of 20% on the diminishing
balance. It paid the instalment due at the end of the first year i.e. 31-12-2010 but could not
pay the next on 31-12-2011. Delhi Motors agreed to leave one Tempo with the purchaser on
1-1-2012 adjusting the value of the other 2 Tempos against the amount due on 31-12-2011.
The Tempos were valued on the basis of 30% depreciation annually. Show the necessary
accounts in the books of X Transport Ltd. for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012.
Solution
X Transport Ltd.
Tempo Account
2010 ` 2010 `
Jan. 1 To Delhi Motors 1,50,000 Dec. 31 By Depreciation A/c :
20% on 1,50,000 30,000

By Balance c/d 1,20,000
1,50,000 1,50,000
2011 2011
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 1,20,000 Dec. 31 By Depreciation A/c 24,000
By Delhi Motors A/c
(Value of 2 tempos
taken away) 49,000
By Profit and Loss A/c
(balancing figure) 15,000
By Balance c/d (Value
of one tempo left) 32,000
1,20,000 1,20,000
2012 2012
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 32,000 Dec. 31 By Depreciation A/c 6,400
By Balance b/d 25,600
32,000 32,000
Delhi Motors Account
2010 ` 2010 `
Jan. 1 To Bank (Down Payment) 30,000 Jan. 1 By Tempos A/c 1,50,000
Dec. 31 To Bank 50,800 Dec. 31 By Interest (9% on
To Balance c/d 80,000 ` 1,20,000) 10,800
1,60,800 1,60,800
2011 2011
Jan. 1 To Tempo 49,000 Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 80,000
Dec. 31 To Balance c/d 38,200 Dec. 31 By Interest (9%
on ` 80,000) 7,200
87,200 87,200
2012 ` 2012 `
Dec. 31 To Bank 41,638 Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 38,200
Dec. 31 By Interest (9% on
` 38,200) 3,438
41,638 41,638
Alternative Method
Tempo Account
2010 ` 2010 `
Jan. 1 To Bank A/c (down Dec. 31 By Depreciation
payment) 30,000 @ 20% on
11.27 Accounting

Dec. 31 To Delhi Motors A/c ` 1,50,000 30,000
(Ist instalment) 40,000 By Balance c/d 40,000
70,000 70,000
2011 ` 2011 `
Dec. 31 To Delhi Motors A/c By Profit & Loss A/c
- creating a liability for (balancing figure) 22,200
` 38,200, amount due By Balance c/d
(see 1st method) 38,200 (Value of tempo left) 32,000
78,200 78,200
2012 ` 2012 `
By Balance b/d 25,600
32,000 32,000
Delhi Motors
2010 ` 2010 `
Dec. 31 To Bank A/c 50,800 Dec. 31 By Tempo A/c 40,000
By Interest A/c 10,800
50,800 50,800
2011 2011
Dec. 31 To Balance c/d 38,200 Dec. 31 By Tempos A/c 38,200
2012 2012
Dec. 31 To Bank A/c 41,638 Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 38,200
Dec. 31 By Interest (9%
on ` 38,200) 3,438
41,638 41,638
Working Notes :
(1) Value of a Tempo left with the buyer:
`
Cost 50,000
Depreciation @ 20% p.a. under WDV method for
2 years [i.e. ` 10,000 + ` 8,000] (18,000)
Value of the Tempo left with the buyer at the end of 2nd year 32,000
(2) Value of Tempos taken away by the seller:
No. of tempos Two


Cost `
Depreci
Under W
Value o
8.2 In the b
There are dif
vendor. It is
the length of
8.2.1 Sales
A business th
method, hire
agrees to ac
special Sales
The amount
on the assets
1. When g
Hire Pu
To
2. When t
Bank A
To
3. When a
Hire Pu
To
4. When t
S
50,000 2 =
ation @ 30%
WDV method
f tempos take
books of th
fferent metho
selected acc
the period of
Method
hat sells relat
purchase sa
ccept payme
s Day Book is
due from the
s side as Hire
goods are sol
urchaser Acco
o H.P. Sales
the down pay
Account
o Hire Purcha
an instalment
urchaser Acco
o Interest Acc
the amount o
Me
ales Method
Hire
=
%
for 2 years [i
en away at th
e Hire Vend
ods of record
cording to the
f purchase, et
tively large ite
ale is treated
ents in instal
s maintained
hire purchas
e Purchase D
ld and deliver
ount
Account
yment is recei
aser Account
t becomes du
ount
count
f instalment is
ethods of reco
e Purchase a

.e. ` 30,000
e end of 2nd
dor
ding hire purc
e type and va
tc. The differe
ems on hire p
as a credit s
ments and f
for recording
ser at the end
ebtors.
Journal Ent
red under hire
ived

ue
s received
rding hire purc
In
and Instalme
+ ` 21,000
year
chase transac
alue of goods
ent methods a
purchase may
sale. The onl
for that he c
g all sales un
d of the year
tries
e purchase
chase transac
nterest Suspen
nt Sale Trans
]
ctions in the
s sold, volum
are
y adopt this m
y exception i
charges inter
nder hire purc
is shown in t

Dr. [Full

Dr.

Dr.

ctions
nse Method
sactions 1
1,00
(51,
49
books of the
e of transact
method. Under
s that the ve
est. General
chase agreem
he Balance s
cash price]
11.28
`
0,000
,000)
9,000
hire
ions,

r this
endor
ly, a
ment.
sheet
11.29 Accounting

Bank Account Dr.
To Hire Purchaser Account
5. For closing interest Account
Interest Account Dr.
To Profit and Loss Account
6. For closing Hire Purchase Sales Account
H.P. Sales Account Dr.
To Trading Account

It is worth noting that
(i) The entire profit on sale under hire purchase agreement is credited to the Profit
and Loss account of the year in which the sale has taken place; and
(ii) Interest pertaining to each accounting period is credited to the Profit and Loss
Account of that year.
8.2.2 Interest Suspense Method
This method is almost similar to the sales method, except the accounting for interest. Under this
method, the hire purchaser is debited with full cash price and interest (total) included in the hire
selling price. Credit is given to the H.P. Sales Account and Interest Suspense Account. When the
instalment is received, the Bank Account is debited and the Hire Purchaser Account is credited. At
the same time an appropriate amount of interest (i.e., interest for the relevant accounting period) is
removed from the Interest Suspense Account and credited to the Interest Account. At the time of
preparation of Final Accounts, interest is transferred to the credit of the Profit and Loss Account.
The balance of the Interest Suspense Account is shown in the Balance Sheet as a deduction from
Hire Purchase Debtors.
Journal Entries
1. When goods are sold and delivered under hire purchase
Hire Purchase Account Dr. [Full cash price + total interest]
To H.P. Sales Account [Full cash price]
To Interest Suspense Account [Total Interest]
2. When down payment/instalment is received
Bank Account Dr.
To Hire Purchaser Account
3. For interest of the relevant accounting period
Interest Suspense Account Dr.
To Interest Account

4. For closing interest Account
Interest Account Dr.
To Profit and Loss Account
5. For closing Hire Purchase Sales Account
H.P. Sales Account Dr.
To Trading Account

The disclosure in balance sheet of the respective parties will be:
Balance Sheet of Hire Purchaser Balance Sheet of Vendor
Assets Assets
Fixed assets : Current assets :
Asset on Hire purchase Hire purchase debtors
Add : Balance in Interest suspense A/c Less : Balance in Interest suspense A/c
Less : Depreciation
Illustration 12
M/s Delhi Electronics sells colour TVs., on hire purchase basis. Cost per set is ` 14,000, Cash
sale price ` 15,500 and hire purchase sale price is ` 16,800 for 12 monthly instalments
payable by 10th of every month. However, the buyer has to make cash down
` 1,800 at the time of purchase.
Hire Purchase transactions (No. of sets) in 2012 - Jan. 10, Feb. 12, March 10, April 12, May
10, June 10, July 10, August 15, Sept. 11, Oct. 20, Nov. 20, Dec. 10.
Let us suppose all instalments are duly collected. Show necessary Journal Entries.
Solution
Various relevant accounting information in relation to hire purchase transactions are computed
as follows :
Total No. of Transactions : 150
Cash down : ` 1,800 150 = ` 2,70,000
Installments Collected/Due
Transactions No. of Installments collected No. of Installments Due
Jan. 10 11 = 110 10 1 = 10
Feb. 12 10 = 120 12 2 = 24
March 10 9 = 90 10 3 = 30
April 12 8 = 96 12 4 = 48
May 10 7 = 70 10 5 = 50
June 10 6 = 60 10 6 = 60
11.31 Accounting

July 10 5 = 50 10 7 = 70
Aug. 15 4 = 60 15 8 = 120
Sept. 11 3 = 33 11 9 = 99
Oct. 20 2 = 40 20 10 = 200
Nov. 20 1 = 20 20 11 = 220
Dec. 10 0 = 10 12 = 120
150 749 150 1051
Check:
Total Instalments for 150 hire purchase transactions are 1800 (15012) of which 749
instalments fell due and collected and the balance 1051 instalments are not yet paid.
Amount collected for 749 instalments

` ` 16,800 1,800
749
12
= ` 9,36,250
Amount not yet due

` ` 16,800 1,800
1,051
12
= ` 13,13,750
Cash Down = ` 2,70,000
Total (` 16,800 150) = ` 25,20,000
Hire Vendor should recognise the amount of instalments collected and cash down value (i.e.
` 2,70,000 + ` 9,36,250) ` 12,06,250 as sale. Balance ` 13,13,750 is value of goods lying
with the customer at hire purchase price. Stock Reserve should be computed and deducted
from such amount to show the Hire Purchase Stock at cost.
Goods lying with Hire Purchaser at Hire Purchase Price
ice Pr urchase P Hire
Cost

Stock at cost =
`
`
`
14,000
13,13,750
16,800

= ` 10,94,792
Stock Reserve = (` 13,13,750 10,94,792) = ` 2,18,958
Journal Entries
` `
(1) For Cash down at the Cash/Bank A/c Dr. 2,70,000
time of hire transaction To Hire Purchase Sale A/c 2,70,000
(2) When instalments Instalment Due A/c Dr. 9,36,250
fall due To Hire Purchase Sales 9,36,250

(3) On collection of Cash/Bank A/c Dr. 9,36,250
instalments To Instalment Due A/c 9,36,250
(4) For instalment not Hire Purchase Stock A/c Dr. 13,13,750
due at the year To Trading A/c 13,13,750
(5) For Stock Reserve Stock Reserve A/c Dr. 2,18,958
To Hire Purchase Stock A/c 2,18,958
If some instalments become due but not collected at the year end, then they would appear in
the Balance Sheet as an asset just like Sundry Debtors.
9. Hire Purchase Transactions for Goods of Small Value
Till now we were dealing with the hire purchase transactions of significant sales value. Now,
let us discuss the hire purchase transactions between a retailer and the consumers.
Since in retail business, the volume of transactions is large and every day the retailer enters
into number of hire purchase contracts, therefore, accounting of such hire purchase
transactions of small values is important from the sellers view point and not the buyer.
Since large number of transactions take place it is neither feasable to maintain separate
account for each transaction nor the retailer is interested in knowing the profit in each hire
purchase transaction rather he is interested in knowing the overall profit or loss arising from
all the transactions in a particular accounitng period. The profit and hire purchase interest are
combined into one figure and it is apportioned over the hire purchase period.
10. Terms used in regard to Hire Purchase Sales of Small Items
(a) Cost price of goods sold on hire purchase: The hire vendor buys goods either from
the manufacturers directly or from the wholesalers. He sells them either against cash or under
the hire purchase system. When he sells goods against cash, he does so at a profit at a price
more than the cost price. But when he sells the goods under hire purchase, he sells them at a
price which is higher than the price of cash purchase. The extra charge is just to cover the
loss of interest on these transactions. However, the interest in these transactions is not
calculated separately, applying the concept of materiality. Profit, in this case, is calculated on
the basis of the difference between cost price and hire purchase price. This difference is
generally known II 'loading'. Loading can be expressed as a percentage of cost (known as
'mark-up') or as a percentage of sales value or hire purchase price (known as 'margin'). For
example, if the cost price of an item is ` 1,000 and to hire purchase price is ` 1,250, the profit
is ` 250. If the profit is expressed as a percentage of cost, mark up becomes 25%. Likewise, if
it is expressed as a percentage of the hire purchase price, the margin becomes 20%.
(b) Value of goods sold on hire purchase: It is the total of the hire purchase price of all
goods sold during the accounting period under the hire purchase system. Generally, the value
of goods sold on hire purchase given in the examination problem. If, however, it is not given, it
11.33 Accounting

can be worked out as follows:
(i) Applying loading rate to the cost of goods sold under hire purchase system.
(ii) [Down payment + (Number of installments X amount of each installment] x Number of
items sold.
(c) Cash received:It represents the total amount received during the accounting period in
respect to hire purchase sales. It includes down payment, installments received in respect to
previous year(s) as well as of the current year.
(d) Hire purchase debtors: Commonly, a debtor is a person to whom goods are sold on
credit. There some difference between an ordinary debtor and a hire purchase debtor. A hire
purchase customer is require to pay different installments on different due dates. In the case
of hire purchase debtors it is the total amount of such installments which have fallen due
during a particular accounting period but has not yet been paid to the hire purchase
customers. (see example of next item)
Hire purchase debtors is also known as (i) Installments due but not yet paid; or (ii)
Installment due, customer paying, etc.
(e) Hire purchase stock: It is also known as installments not yet due or goods with hire
purchase customers. Under a hire purchase agreement, some installments faIl due during the
current accounting period, while others faIl due on the subsequent accounting year(s). The
total amount of installments which have not yet become due during the current accounting
period is called stock on hire purchase. It should be not that it does not represent any physical
stock. For example, if the cash price of an item is ` 1,000 and the hire purchase price is
` 1,200. The payment is to be made in twenty four monthly equal installments, i.e., ` 50 p.m.
Out of 24 installments, 10 installments are due for payment during the current accounting
period 2011-12 and balance 14 installments are due for payment in the subsequent years. In
this case, the hire purchase stock will be ` 50 (24-10) = ` 700.
In this example, let us assume that out of the 10 instalments due during 2011-12, the hire
purchase custom paid only 6 installments during the year. Therefore, the hire purchase
debtors for 2011-12 will be ` 50 (10 - 6) = ` 200.
(f) Stock at shop: It is the physical stock of unsold goods lying in the godown of the
retailer. The cost of unsold stock in the shop has nothing to do with the ascertainment of profit
or loss arising out of the hire purchase transactions. However, this figure is relevant towards
the ascertainment of cost of goods sold on hire purchase which can be ascertained by
deducting the stock in the shop from the total purchases. When the cost of goods sold is
given, it becomes very simple to ascertain the value of goods sold on hire purchase by simply
add the percentage of mark-up.

11. Acco
Valu
There are tw
on hire purch
11.1 Debto
In this metho
Purchase Tr
separately.
(a) Debit th
(i) Op
pre
co
(ii) Op
fro
(iii) Va
(iv) Ex
(v) Lo
(b) Credit t
(i) Ca
inc
the
va
rec
Re
ab
tim
ounting of
e
wo common m
hase system.
ors Method
od the Hire Pu
rading Accou

he Hire Purch
pening balanc
evious year.
nvert that into
pening balanc
om the previou
alue of goods
xpenses incur
oss on reposs
the Hire Purc
ash received
cludes down p
e current yea
lue of HP ite
cognized in t
evenue Reco
ility to assess
me of sale. In
Debto
Hir
Tra
Hire
f Hire Pur
method for as

urchase Tradi
unt is to me
hase Trading
ce of H.P. St
Generally, it
o Hire Purcha
ce of H.P. De
us year.
s sold on Hire
rred during th
session of goo
chase Tradin
from hire p
payment, hire
ar collected d
m is not cred
he year of sa
ognition, also
s the ultimate
n case there i
Methods fo
ors Method
e Purchase
ading Account
e Purchase a

rchase Tr
certaining pro
ing account is
easure the p
g Account by
tock (Instalme
is shown at
ase price by a
ebtors (Instalm
Purchase du
he accounting
ods.
ng Account b
purchase cus
e purchase in
uring the acc
dited to HP T
ale as per the
the profit(rev
e collection wi
s uncertainty
or ascertaining
St
M
and Instalme
ransaction
ofit or loss on
s prepared. T
profitability of
y
ents not yet d
hire purchas
adding loadin
ment due but
uring the acco
g period.
by
stomers duri
stalments of
counting perio
Trading Accou
e matching c
venue) should
ith reasonable
y in ultimate c
g profit or loss
tock and Debto
ethod
1) Hire Purch
Stock Accoun
2) Hire Purch
Adjustment A
nt Sale Trans
ns for Goo
n sale of goo
The objective
f the Hire P
due) brought
se price. If it
g.
t not yet paid
ounting period
ng the acco
the previous
od. Since ful
unt, entire pro
concept. Furt
d be recogniz
e certainty is
collection of th
ors
ase
nt,
ase
Account
sactions 1
ods of Sm
ods of small v
of preparing
Purchase div
forward from
t is given at
d) brought forw
d.
ounting perio
year as well a
l amount of s
ofit on sale is
ther as per A
zed only when
not lacking a
he sales, reve
11.34
mall
value
Hire
vision
m the
cost,
ward
od. It
as of
sales
s not
AS 9,
n the
at the
enue
11.35 Accounting

recognition is postponed to the extent of uncertainty involved. In such cases, it may
be appropriate to recognise revenue only when it is reasonably certain that the
ultimate collection will be made. When recognition of revenue is postponed due to
the effect of uncertainties, it is considered as revenue of the period in which it is
properly recognised.
(ii) Instalments due but not paid on goods repossessed.
(iii) Closing balance of H.P. Stock (Instalment not yet due) at hire purchase price
carried forward to the next period. If it is not given in the problem, it can be
calculated by preparing Memorandum Goods with H.P. Customers Account.
(iv) The closing balance of H.P. Debtors (Instalments due but not yet paid) is carried
forward to next period. If the closing balance of H.P. Debtors is not given in the
problem, it can be calculated by preparing Memorandum H.P. Debtors Account.
Pass adjustment entries for the following:
(i) For loading on opening balance of Hire Purchase Stock
(Instalments not yet due/Goods with H.P. Customers)

Stock Reserve Account Dr.
To Hire Purchase Trading Account
(ii) For loading on goods sold on Hire Purchase during the year
Goods sold on Hire Purchase Account Dr.
To Hire Purchase Trading
(iii) For loading on closing balance of Hire Purchase Stock
(Instalments not yet due/Goods with H.P. Customers)
Hire Purchase Trading Account Dr.
To Stock Reserve Account
The proforma of a Hire Purchase Trading Account is given below:
Dr. Hire Purchase Trading Account Cr.
To Balance b/d: By Cash A/c
Hire Purchase Stock
(at H.P. price)
By Goods Repossessed
A/c (Instalments due
but not paid)

Hire Purchase
Debtors
By Stock Reserve A/c
To Goods Sold on H.P.
A/c (H.P. price)
(Loading on opening
H.P. stock)


To Loss on Goods
Repossessed A/c
By Goods sold on H.P.
A/c

To Expenses A/c (Loading on goods
sold)

To Stock Reserve A/c By Balance c/d:
(Loading on closing
H.P. stock)
H.P. Stock (at H.P.
price)

To Profit & Loss A/c H.P. Debtors
Let us see how to prepare Hire Purchase Trading Account.
(1) Credit all down payments and instalments falling due to hire purchase sales account.
Transfer balance in Hire Purchase Sales Account to Hire Purchase Trading Account.
(2) Transfer cost of all transactions to Hire Purchase Trading Account.
Hire Purchase Trading A/c Dr.
To Shop Stock A/c
(3) Charge any special expenses to Hire Purchase Trading Account.
(4) Treat instalments not yet due as stock lying with customers and transfer to Hire Purchase
Trading Account.
(5) Charge appropriate stock reserve.
Illustration 13
With the information given in Illustration 12, prepare Hire Purchase Trading A/c.
Solution
Hire Purchase Trading A/c
` `
To Shop Stock 21,00,000 By Hire Purchase
(14,000 150) Sales A/c 12,06,250
To Stock Reserve 2,18,958 By Stock (with
To Profittransferred customers)at hire
to P & L A/c 2,01,042 purchase price 13,13,750
25,20,000 25,20,000
Illustration 14
M/s Wye & Co. sell goods on hire purchase, adding 50% to cost. From the following figures
prepare the Hire Purchase Trading Account:
`
Goods with customers in Jan. 2012, instalments not yet due 5,400
Goods sold on hire purchase during 2012 25,500
11.37 Accounting

Cash received from customers during 2012 20,100
Instalments due but not yet received at the end of the year, customers paying 1,800
All figures are on the basis of hire purchase price.
Solution
Hire-purchase Trading Account for the year ending 31st Dec., 2012
Dr. Cr.
` `
To Stock with Customers on By Cash 20,100
1-1-2012 - hire purchase By Instalments due 1,800
price 5,400 By Goods sold on Hire
To Goods sold on Hire- Purchase A/c - loading 8,500
purchase A/c 25,500 By Stock Reserve (Opening) 1,800
To Stock Reserve required 3000 By Stock with customers 9,000*
To Profit & Loss A/c 7,300
41,200 41,200
*Stock with Customers on 31-12-2012 `
Instalment not due on 1-1-2012 5,400
Goods sold on H.P. 25,500
30,900
Less : Cash received 20,100
Instalments due 1,800 (21,900)
9,000
Illustration 15
Krishna Agencies started business on 1
st
April, 2012. During the year ended 31
st
March, 2013,
they sold under-mentioned durables under two schemes Cash Price Scheme (CPS) and
Hire-Purchase Scheme (HPS).
Under the CPS they priced the goods at cost plus 25% and collected it on delivery.
Under the HPS the buyers were required to sign a Hire-purchase Agreement undertaking to
pay for the value of the goods including finance charges in 30 instalments, the value being
calculated at Cash Price plus 50%.

The following are the details available at the end of 31
st
March, 2013 with regard to the
products :
Product
Nos.
purchased
Nos.
sold
under
CPS
Nos.
sold
under
HPS
Cost
per unit
`
No. of
instalments
due during the
year
No. of
instalments
received during
the year
TV sets 90 20 60 16,000 1,080 1,000
Washing
Machines
70 20 40 12,000 840 800
The following were the expenses during the year:
`
Rent 1,20,000
Salaries 1,44,000
Commission to Salesmen 12,000
Office Expenses 1,20,000
From the above information, you are required to prepare :
(a) Hire-purchase Trading Account, and
(b) Trading and Profit & Loss Account.
Solution
In the books of Krishna Agencies
Hire-Purchase Trading Account
for the year ended 31
st
March, 2013
` ` ` `
To Goods sold on H.P.
A/c:
TVs (60` 30,000)

18,00,000
By Bank A/c cash
received
TVs (1,000` 1,000)

10,00,000

Washing Machines
(40 ` 22,500)

9,00,000

27,00,000
Washing Machines
(800 ` 750)

6,00,000

16,00,000
To H.P. Stock Reserve
` 9,90,000
5 . 187
5 . 87

4,62,000
By Instalment Due A/c:
TVs
(80` 1,000)

80,000

To Profit & Loss A/c
(H.P.profit transferred)
7,98,000 Washing Machines
(40` 750)
30,000 1,10,000

By Goods sold on HP
A/c: (Cancellation of
loading)
` 27,00,000
5 . 187
5 . 87

By H.P. Stock (W.N 2)

12,60,000
9,90,000
39,60,000 39,60,000
11.39 Accounting

Trading and Profit & Loss Account
for the year ended 31
st
March, 2013
` ` ` `
To Purchases:
TVs (90` 16,000)

14,40,000
By Sales:
TVs (20` 20,000)

4,00,000

Washing Machines
(70 ` 12,000)

8,40,000

22,80,000
Washing Machines
(20 ` 15,000)

3,00,000

7,00,000
To Gross profit c/d 1,40,000 By Goods sold on H.P.
A/c
(27,00,000
12,60,000)
By Shop Stock (W. N 3)

14,40,000

2,80,000
24,20,000 24,20,000
To Salaries 1,44,000 By Gross profit b/d 1,40,000
To Rent
To Commission
1,20,000
12,000
By H.P. Trading A/c
(H.P. Profit)

7,98,000
To Office expenses 1,20,000
To Net Profit 5,42,000
9,38,000 9,38,000
Working Notes:
(1) Calculation of per unit cash price, H.P. price and Instalment Amount:
Product Cost
`
Cash Price
` (Cost 1.25)
H.P. price
` (Cash
Price1.50)
Instalment
Amount (` )
(H.P. price/No.
of instalments)
TV sets 16,000 20,000 30,000 1,000
Washing Machines 12,000 15,000 22,500 750
(2) Calculation of H.P. Stock as on 31
st
March, 2013:
Product Total No. of
Instalments
(Nos.)
Instalments
Due in 2012-
2013
(Nos.)
Instalments
not due in 2012-
2013
(Nos.)
Amount
`
TV sets 1800 1080 720 7,20,000
Washing Machines 1,200 840 360 2,70,000
9,90,000

(3) Calculation of Shop Stock as on 31
st
March, 2013:
Product Purchased(Nos.) Sold (Nos.) Balance (Nos.) Amount `
TV sets 90 80 10 1,60,000
Washing Machines 70 60 10 1,20,000
2,80,000
Illustration 16
From the following information extracted from the books of Mohan Pvt. Ltd. prepare Hire
Purchase Trading account for the year ended 31.3.2012, showing the profit in respect of the
hire-purchase business of the company:
(i) Instalments due but not received on 1.4.2011 ` 30,000.
(ii) Instalments due but not received on 31.3.2012 ` 50,000.
(iii) Cash received during the year ended 31
st
March 2012 by way of a hire-purchase
instalments - ` 40,00,000.
(iv) Value of Stock out on hire-purchase as at 1.4.2011 at hire-purchase price (loading 20%
above cost) - ` 1,20,000.
(v) Cost price of truck out in hire-purchase as on 31.3.2012, amounted ` 20,00,000, in
respect of which instalments receivable were ` 24,00,000 and instalments received and
due up to 31.3.2012 amounted ` 18,00,000 in total.
(vi) Purchase of trucks during the financial year 2011-12 - ` 40,00,000.
(vii) Sale of trucks, otherwise than on H.P. (at a profit of 6.25% of cost thereof) -
` 4,25,000.
(viii) Body building charges in respect of truck, sold on H.P. - ` 2,00,000.
(ix) Interest paid was ` 40,000 and unsold trucks on 31.3.2012 at cost price were
` 80,000 (Hire-purchase price ` 96,000).
Solution:
In the books of Mohan Pvt. Ltd.
Hire Purchase Trading Account
Dr. Cr.
` `
To Opening Balance: By Bank 40,00,000
H.P. Stock 1,20,000 By Stock reserve 20,000

To
H.P. Debtors
Trucks sent on H.P.
30,000 1,50,000 By Trucks sent on H.P. 7,04,000
Purchased during the By Closing balance
year 40,00,000 H.P. Stock 6,00,000
Less: Other sales 4,00,000 H.P. Debtors 50,000
36,00,000
11.41 Accounting

Less: Closing Stock 80,000
35,20,000
Add: Loading 7,04,000 42,24,000
To Body Building Charges 2,00,000
To Bank (Interest paid) 40,000
To Stock reserve (20%on cost) 1,00,000
To Profit and Loss A/c 6,60,000
53,74,000 53,74,000
Working Notes:
Value of closing H.P. Stock:
(1) Cost of trucks in respect of Hire Purchase agreement subsisting as on
31.3.2012
20,00,000
(2) H.P. price in respect thereof 24,00,000
(3) Instalments not due (24 lakhs less 18 lakhs) 6,00,000
11.2 Stock and Debtors Method
In this method, Hire Purchase Stock Account, Hire Purchase Adjustment Account is
maintained. Following are the entries to be made.
(i) When goods are sold on hire purchase
Hire purchase stock A/c Dr. Full H.P. Price
To Stock A/c Actual cost price
To Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c Difference between
cost and H.P. price
(ii) When instalments become due for payment
Hire purchase Debtors A/c Dr.
To Hire purchase Stock A/c
(iii) When cash is received
Cash A/c Dr.
To Hire Purchase Debtors A/c
(iv) Stock Reserve on opening Stock
Stock Reserve A/c Dr.
To Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c
(v) Stock Reserve on closing Stock
Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c Dr.
To Stock Reserve A/c
Hire purchase Debtors Account will consist of opening balance instalment due on goods sold
on hire purchase on the debit side while cash received and closing balance on the credit side.

Hire purchase stock account will consist of opening balance and goods sold on hire purchase
during the year in the debit side, while instalments due from debtors and closing balance on
the credit side. The stock values are recorded at hire purchase price (i.e. cost + profit on H.P.
Sales).
Hire purchase adjustment account will consist of stock reserve on opening stock and closing
stock in the credit side and debit side respectively. Further the loading element in goods sold
on hire purchase (profit) will be credited in this account. This account shows the actual profit
earned by means of hire purchase system.
Illustration 17
Y M/s sells products on hire purchase terms, the price being cost plus 33-1/3%. From the
following particulars for 2012, prepare Hire Purchase Stock Account, Shop Stock Account,
Hire Purchase Debtors Account, Stock Reserve Account and Hire Purchase Adjustment
Account (for profit) :
2012 `
Jan. 1 Stock out on hire at Hire Purchase Price 1,20,000
Stock in hand, at Shop 15,000
Instalment due (Customers still paying) 9,000
Dec. 31 Stock out on hire at Hire Purchase Price 1,38,000
Stock in hand, at Shop 21,000
Instalments due (Customers still paying) 15,000
Cash received during the year 2,40,000
Solution
Hire Purchase Debtor Account
2012 ` 2012 `
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 9,000 Jan. 1 By Bank A/c 2,40,000
To Hire Purchase Stock A/c By Balance c/d 15,000
(instalments due during
the year) (Balancing fig.) 2,46,000
2,55,000 2,55,000
Hire Purchase Stock Account
2012 ` 2012 `
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 1,20,000 Jan. -
To Goods sold on Hire Dec. By H.P. Debtors A/c 2,46,000
Purchase (75%) 1,98,000 Dec. 31 By Balance c/d 1,38,000
To H.P., Adj. A/c (25%) 66,000
3,84,000 3,84,000

11.43 Accounting

Shop Stock Account
2012 ` 2012 `
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 15,000 By H.P. Stock A/c
To Purchases A/c (Cost of Goods sold) 1,98,000
(Balancing fig.) 2,04,000 By Balance c/d 21,000
2,19,000 2,19,000
Stock Reserve Account
2012 ` 2012 `
To Hire Purchase Adjustment By Balance b/d
(transfer) 30,000 (25% on 1,20,000) 30,000
To Balance c/d 34,500 By Hire Purchase
Adjustment A/c 34,500
64,500 64,500
Hire Purchase Adjustment Account
2012 ` 2012 `
To Stock Reserve-Closing 34,500 By Stock Reserve-Opening 30,000
To Profit & Loss Account 61,500 By H.P. Stock 66,000
96,000 96,000
12. Calculation of Missing Figures
Sometimes in the examination, some figures required to calculate profit/loss are not given.
These may be: (i) Hire Purchase Stock; (ii) Hire Purchase Debtors; (iii) Purchases; or (iv)
Cash received, etc., Before preparing the Hire Purchase Trading Account, the missing item(s)
should be calculated first. The following steps are followed:
Step 1: Draw up the following Memorandum Accounts.
(a) Memorandum Stock at Shop Account.
(b) Memorandum H.P. Stock Account/Stock with H.P. Customers Account.
(c) Memorandum H.P. Debtors Account/Instalments Due Account
Step 2: Place the available figures in the respective accounts.
Step 3: Balance the account having maximum figures available. It will be helpful in finding
out the missing figure of that account.
Step 4: Place the figures so calculated in Step 3 to the relevant account.
Step 5: Continue the process of transfer until all the figures are available.
The proforma of these accounts are given below:


Dr. Memorandum Stock at Shop Account Cr.
Particulars ` Particulars `
To Balance b/d (at cost) By Goods sold on Hire
Purchase A/c (at cost)

To Purchases By Balance c/d

Dr. Memorandum Hire Purchase Stock Cr.
To Balance b/d (at H.P. Price) By Cash A/c
To H.P. Stock A/c (total
instalments due)
By Goods Repossessed A/c
(instalments not yet due)

By Balance c/d
Dr. Memorandum Hire Purchases Debtors Account Cr.
To Balance b/d (at H.P. price) By Cash A/c
To H.P. Stock A/c (total
instalments due)
(install, due but not yet
recd.)

By Balance c/d
13. Repossession
In a hire purchase agreement the hire purchaser has to pay up to the last instalment to obtain
the ownership of goods. If the hire purchaser fails to pay any of the instalments, the hire
vendor takes the asset back in its actual form without any refund of the earlier payments to the
hire purchaser. The amounts received from the hire purchaser through down payment and
instalments are treated as the hire charges by the hire vendor. This act of recovery of
possession of the asset is termed as repossession.
Repossessed assets are resold to any other customer after repairing or reconditioning (if necessary).
Accounting figures relating to repossessed assets are segregated from the normal hire purchase
entries. Repossessions are then accounted for in a separate Goods Repossessed Account.
The following are the Journal Entries for repossession
(1) When the goods are repossessed
Goods Repossessed Account Dr. [Instalments due but not yet paid]
To Hire Purchase Trading Account
(2) When there is a loss on repossession
[Selling price/market price is less than
Instalments due but not yet paid]

11.45 Acc
Hire Pu
To L
(3) When t
[Selling
Instalm
Profit o
To H
So far as the
of the asset
called Comp
13.1 Comp
The hire ven
Account to G
The hire pur
Vendor Acco
on repossess
Particular
Purchase/Sa
Installment
Interest
Repossessio

ounting
urchase Tradi
Loss on Repo
there is a pro
g price/market
ments due but
n Repossess
Hire Purchase
e repossessio
or a part ther
plete Reposse
plete Repos
ndor closes H
Goods Reposs
rchaser close
ount to Hire P
sion in Asset
rs
ales Asset
To
Hire V
To
Intere
To
on Hire V
T
Complete R
ng Account
ossession Acc
ofit on repos
t price is grea
t not yet paid]
sion Account
e Trading Acc
on of assets a
reof dependin
ession and th
session
Hire Purchase
sessed Accou
es the Hire
Purchase Ass
Account.
Books of hire
t A/c
o Hire Vendor
Vendor A/c
o Cash A/c
est A/c
o Hire Vendor
Vendor A/c
o Asset A/c

Repossession

count
ssession
ater than
]
count
are concerned
ng on the agr
he latter Par
ers Account
unt.
Vendors Acc
set/Trading A
e purchaser
Dr.
r A/c
Dr.
Dr.
r
Dr.
Repossessio
P
Dr.

Dr.

d, the hire ve
reement betw
tial Reposses
by transferri
count by tra
ccount and t
Hire Pu
To S
Cash A
To
Hire Pu
To
Goods
To
on
Partial Reposse
endor can tak
ween the parti
ssion.
ng balance o
nsferring the
hen finding th
Books of hir
urchaser A/c
Sales A/c
A/c
Hire Purchas
urchaser A/c
Interest A/c
s Repossesse
Hire Purchas
ession
ke back the w
ies. The form
of Hire Purch
e balance of
he profit and
re vendor
Dr.
Dr.
ser A/c
Dr.
ed A/c Dr.
ser
whole
mer is

haser
Hire
loss

13.2 Partial Repossession
In case of a partial repossession, only a part of the asset is taken back by the hire vendor and
other part is left with the hire purchaser. The Journal Entries are as usual up to the date of default
(excepting entry for payment) in the books of both the parties. As a portion of the asset is still left
with the hire purchaser, neither party closes the account of the other in their respective books.
Assets are repossessed at a mutually agreed value (based on agreed rate of depreciation which is
an enhanced rate). The hire vendor debits the Goods Repossessed Account and credit the Hire
Purchaser Account with the value as agreed upon on the repossession. Similarly, the hire
purchaser debits the Hire Vendor Account and credits the Assets Account with the same amount. If
the repossessed value is less than the book value of the asset, the difference is charged to the
Profit and Loss Account of the hire purchaser as loss on surrender.
For the remaining portion of the asset lying with the hire purchaser, the (Hire Purchaser) applies
the usual rate of depreciation and shows the Asset Account at its usual written-down value.
Illustration 18
From the following prepare Hire Purchase Trading Account of M/s Kolkata Traders who sells
goods on hire purchase basis at cost plus 25%.
`
Instalments not due on 31-12-2011 3,00,000
Instalments due and collected during 2012 8,00,000
Instalments due but not collected during 2012
including ` 10,000 for which goods were
repossessed 50,000
Instalments not due on 31-12-2012 including
` 20,000 for which goods were repossessed 3,70,000
Instalments collected on repossessed stock 15,000
M/s Kolkata Traders valued repossessed stock at 60% of original cost.
Solution
Hire Purchase Trading A/c
` `
To Goods with customers at By Hire Purchase Sale 8,50,000
cost (31-12-2011) 2,40,000 Goods with customers at
Shop Stock 7,20,000 cost (31-12-2012) 2,80,000
Bad Debt 2,000
Loss on Repossession 2,400
Profit & Loss A/c
Transfer of H.P. Profit 1,65,600
11,30,000 11,30,000
11.47 Accounting

Working Notes:
(1) Hire Purchase Sales: `
Instalments due and collected 8,00,000
Add: Instalments due but not collected 50,000
8,50,000
(2) Loss on Repossessed stock:
Hire Purchase Price of Repossessed Stock
Instalments Collected 15,000
Instalments Due 10,000
Instalments Not Due 20,000
45,000
Cost `
100
45,000
125
36,000
Valuation on repossession`
60
36,000
100
21,600
Cost of instalments due + Instalments not yet due
`
100
( 10,000 20,000)
125
+ 24,000
Loss (` 24,000 ` 21,600) 2,400
(3) Goods taken from shop stock at cost:
H.P. Sales at cost
100
8,50,000
125

6,80,000
Stock with customers 31-12-2012 at cost
`
100
3,50,000
125

2,80,000
9,60,000
Less : Stock with customers 31-12-2011 at Cost 2,40,000
`
100
3,00,000
125

7,20,000
(4) Bad Debt :
Instalment due but not collected 10,000
Instalment not yet due at cost
`
100
20,000
125

16,000
26,000
Less: Cost of instalments due and instalments not yet due 24,000
2,000

Illustration 19
The hire purchase department of B.G. M/s sells television sets and room coolers. This
department was newly started in 2012. The relevant information is as follows:
Television set Room coolers
` `
Cost 5,400 2,000
Cash Price 6,300 2,400
Cash down payment 900 400
Monthly instalment 600 200
Number of instalments 10 12
During the year, 100 television sets and 120 room coolers were sold on hire purchase basis.
Two television sets on which 3 instalments only could be collected and 4 room coolers on
which 5 instalments had been collected were repossessed. These were valued at ` 10,000
and after reconditioning at a cost of ` 1,000 were sold outright for ` 14,000. Other instalments
collected and those due (customer still paying) were respectively as follows :
Television sets 270 and 20
Room coolers 400 and 30
Prepare Accounts on stocks and debtors system to reveal the profit of the Department.
Solution
B.G. Limited
Hire Purchase Stock Account
` `
To Goods sold on H.P. 10,26,000 By H.P. Debtors A/c 4,05,600
(Instalments not due on
repossessed goods) 14,000
By Balance c/d
(Instalment not yet due) 6,06,400
10,26,000 10,26,000
Hire Purchase Debtors Account
` `
To Hire Purchase Stock A/c 4,05,600 By Bank A/c 3,87,600
4,05,600 4,05,600

11.49 Accounting

Goods Repossessed Account
` `
To Hire Purchase Stock A/c 14,000 By Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c
(Balancing Figure) 4,000
14,000 14,000
To Balance b/d 10,000 By Bank (Sales) 14,000
To Bank (Exp.) 1,000
To Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c
(Profit) 3,000
14,000 14,000
Goods sold on Hire Purchase Account
` `
To Hire Purhcase By Hire Purchase Stock A/c 10,26,000
To Adjustment A/c (loading) 2,46,000
To Profit 7,80,000
10,26,000 10,26,000
Hire Purchase Adjustment Account
` `
To Goods repossessed A/c (Loss) 4,000 By Goods sold on Hire
To Stock Reserve 1,44,971 Purchase (Loading) 2,46,000
To Profit 1,00,029 By Goods Repossessed
(Profit on sale) 3,000
2,49,000 2,49,000
Working Notes :
(i) Hire Purchase Price is ` 6,900 for each television set and ` 2,800 for each room cooler.
Total cost and sales on this basis are as follows:
H.P. Price Cost
` `
Television sets (100) 6,90,000 5,40,000
Room Coolers (120) 3,36,000 2,40,000
10,26,000 7,80,000
Television sets Room Coolers
` `
(ii) Cash collected
Down payment
(900 100) 90,000 (400 120) 48,000

Instalments collected
(600 270) 1,62,000 (400 200) 80,000
Amount collected on Repossessed goods
(3 2 600) 3,600 (5 4 200) 4,000

2,55,600 1,32,000

(iii) Instalment not yet due: `
Television: Total instalments on 98 sets 980
Instalments collected & due 290
690
Amount of 690 instalments @ ` 600 each 4,14,000
Room Coolers:
Total instalment on 116 Room Coolers 1,392
Less : Instalments collected & due 430
962
Amount of 962 instalments @ ` 200 each = ` 1,92,400
Total amount (4,14,000 + 1,92,400) = ` 6,06,400
(iv) Stock Reserve:
Television sets
1,500
4,14,000
6,900
90,000
Room Coolers
800
1,92,400
2,800
54,971
1,44,971
(v) Instalment not due on repossessed goods: `
2 Television sets 7 instalments on each @ ` 600 8,400
4 Room Coolers 7 instalments on each @ ` 200 5,600
14,000
(vi) Instalment due but not collected : `
Television sets (20 ` 600) 12,000
Room Cooler (30 ` 200) 6,000
18,000
14. Instalment Payment System
In instalment payment system the ownership of the goods is passed immediately to the buyer
on the signing the agreement. Because of this basic difference the accounting entries under
instalment payment system are slightly different from those passed under the hire-purchase
system. The scheme of entries is as under:
Books of buyer: Buyer debits asset account with full cash price, credits vendors account with full
instalment price and debits interest suspense account with the difference between full cash price
and full instalment price. Interest is debited to interest suspense account (not interest account)
because it includes interest in respect of a number of years. Every year interest account is debited
11.51 Accounting

and interest suspense account is credited with the interest of current year. Interest account, at the
end of the year, is closed by transferring to profit and loss account. The balance of interest
suspense account (this is a debit balance) is shown in the balance sheet on the asset side. Vendor
is paid the instalment due to him and entry for the depreciation is passed in the usual way.
Books of Seller: The seller debits the purchaser with the full amount (instalment price) payable by
him and credits sales account by the full cash price and credits interest suspense account by the
difference between the total instalment price and total cash price. Seller, like the buyer, also
transfers the amount of interest due from the interest suspense account interest account every
year. Interest account is closed by transferring to profit and loss account and the balance of
interest suspense account is shown in the balance sheet on the liability side. On receiving the
instalment the vendor debits cash/bank account and credits purchasers account.
15. Difference of Hire Purchase Agreement and Instalment Payment
Agreement
A hire purchase agreement is a contract of bailment coupled with an option to the hire
purchaser to acquire the goods delivered to him under such an agreement. By the delivery of
goods to the hire purchaser, the hire vendor merely pass with their possession, but not the
ownership. The property or title to the goods is transferred to the hire-purchaser, on his paying
the last instalment of the hire price or complying with some other conditions stipulated in the
contract. At any time before that the hire-purchaser has the option to return the goods and, if
he does so, he has only to pay the instalments of price that by then have fallen due. The right
or option to purchase is the essence of hire-purchase agreement. In the event of a default by
the buyer (hire purchaser) in the payment of any of the instalments of hire price, the vendor
can take back the goods into his possession. This is legally permissible since the property in
the goods is still with the vendor.
On the other hand, it may have been agreed between the buyer and the seller that the price of
the goods would be payable by instalments and the property would immediately pass to the
buyer; in the event of a default of instalments, it would not be possible for the vendor to
recover back the goods. He, however, would have the right to bring an action against the
purchaser for the recovery of the part of the price that has not been paid to him.
Analysis of the hire purchase price : The hire purchase price is always greater than the cash
price, since it includes interest payable over and above the price of the goods to compensate
the seller for the sacrifice he has made by agreeing to receive the price by instalments and the
risk that he thereby undertakes. It is thus made up of following elements:
(a) cash price;
(b) interest on unpaid instalments; and
(c) a charge to cover the risk involved in the buyer defaulting to pay one or more of
instalments of price or that of his returning the goods in a damaged condition.

Interest is the charge for the facility to pay the price for the goods by instalments after they have
been delivered. The rate of interest is generally higher than that payable in respect of an advance
or a loan since it also includes a charge to cover the risk that the hirer may fail to pay any of the
instalments and, in such an event, the goods may have to be taken back into possession in
whatever condition they are at the time. A separate charge on this account is not made as that
would not be in keeping with the fundamental character of the hire-purchase sale.
Summary
Under Hire Purchase System, hire purchaser will pay cost of purchased asset in
installments. The ownership of the goods will be transferred by the Hire Vendor only after
payment of outstanding balance.
Under installment system, ownership of the goods is transferred by owner on the date of
delivery of goods.
Accounting Method when goods have substantial sales under Hire Purchase
System
Cash price Method
Interest suspense method
Accounting Method when goods have small sales under Hire Purchase System
Debtor method
Stock & Debtor Method
Repossession
Complete Repossession
Partial Repossession


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Hire Purchase and Instalment Sale

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