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Blackout

The partial or total loss of


power to an area.
Causes of Blackout
Tripping of generating Units
Tripping of transmission lines
Shortfall of reserves power
Blackstart Procedure
The process of recovery from partial or total
blackout using a generating unit with capability
to start and synchronize with system without an
external power supply.
Declaration by System Operator
The Senior Grid Shift Superintendent of NGCP/RCC
declares a Total Black-out.
ACC to inform respective power plant that RCC has
declared a blackout and advise to initiate blackstart.
ACC to inform all parties within his area of responsibility
that RCC has declared a blackout.
Substation/Power plant operators to open all circuit
breakers after declaration of a blackout.
Declaration by the Regional Control Center
(RCC) of a system blackout.
Delegation by the RCC of the Area Control.
Centers (ACCs) to implement island grid
operations.
Priority restoration of electric power service to
critical loads.
Safety considerations for personnel and
equipment.
Identify and start all available
generating units.
The generator terminal voltage shall be at
a minimum level of 95% of the rated voltage
before a line could be energized.
For power transformers, the generator
terminal voltage shall be maintained at a
level below 10% of its rated voltage
Line voltages shall be within 105 of the
nominal voltage in energizing power
transformers.
When energizing transmission lines, the nearby
generators should be on automatic control and
that enough reactive reserve is available at the
generators to absorb the line charging reactive
power..
Once a line has successfully been energized, it is
best to energize some local loads to control the
voltage level within an acceptable range.
Shunt capacitor banks should be removed from
the service so as to prevent high voltage until such
time that sufficient load has been energized.
Shunt reactors should be initially placed in
service when restoring the system so as to help
maintain the system voltage within the allowable
levels.
Energize only one (1) line in extending power to
adjacent substation so as to prevent high voltage at
the receiving end.
Initially load all
generators of each sub-
system to at least 50% of the
generators capability before
extending power.
Disable underfrequency relays, to include
those SCADA controlled, so as to prevent
initiation of ALD during low frequency
oscillations.
If a high voltage transmission line is to be
energized through the low voltage side of the
transformer, consideration should be given to
adjust the tap changer to its lowest tap setting.
The generator frequency must be 60.5 Hz
before energizing feeder loads.
The voltage difference when synchronizing
two island grids should be as minimum as
practicable.
The RCC shall synchronize the different power
island grids at the designated synchronizing
points.
Metro
Manila
Central
Luzon
Northern
Luzon
Southern
Tagalog
Bicol Sub-
grids

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