GROUNDING EQUIPMENT

AND METHODS
Based on Dalziels Formula:
Human Fibrillation Threshold is: 164 mA or 0.164 Amps
So,
If It's Not Grounded
It's Not Dead
The best safety precaution
is to respect/consider that all
equipment as if it could
become energized.
1. Charges induced on the line by a neighboring energized line
Source of Hazards
2. A fault caused by an accidental contact on flashover between the
line and neighboring energized line.
3. Induced static charge due to atmospheric conditions.
4. An error in which the line is accidentally energized
5. A lightning strike to the line.
Protection to Personnel
The means of providing personnel protection
may take several forms. These may include
the insulation or isolation of workers,
provision of an equipotential zone around the
workers or provision of a low resistance path
to ground to induced charges or fault
currents and limit touch and step voltages to
a safe level.
Electromagnetic
Induction
- Occurs when an
grounded open
conductor picks up an
induced voltage from an
energized line
paralleling or
perpendicular to the
line.
Grounding Devices
All grounding devices must be sized to carry the largest fault current to
be encountered for a time period long enough to allow the line
protection system to operate.
Grounding devices include the following:
1. Personal grounds
2. Master grounds
3. Structure base grounds
4. Running grounds
5. Grid grounds
6. Ground rods
Grounding System Considerations
1. Care of grounding equipment inspection should be made prior to
use grounding equipment to check for loose or dirty connections,
broken wire strands and seized clamps.
2. Grounding conditions the effectiveness of various ground sources
will vary depending on the equipment to be grounded. So, it must
be determined first what particular ground to be implemented in a
certain area.
Warning guy wires should not be used as ground source.
3. Cleaning of Connections all surfaces to which a grounding clamp is to
be cleaned to ensure proper contact since grounding systems
depends on a low resistance path.
5. Ground Grid Application all grid conductors and ground rods must
be interconnected and all equipment, structures, anchors, metallic
pulling lines, conductors and overhead ground wires within the area
should be bonded to the grid.
4. Grounding Application grounding cables must be connected to the
ground source first, then to the object being grounded. When
removing grounds, the ground must be removed from the grounded
object first and then from the ground source.
end