Branches of Science

A
Acoustics: It is a branch of science related to the study of transmission of sound waves. It usually
refers to the characteristics of theaters, auditoriums and studios and includes the behavior of sound
in buildings and noise and noise control.
Aerodynamics: It is associated with the study of forces of air acting on objects in motion relative to
air.
Aeronautical Engineering: It is a branch of science that is related to the study of design and
manufacture of flight-capable machines as well as the techniques of operating aircraft.
Agriculture: It is the science of cultivating the ground, harvesting the crops and rearing and
management of farming, husbandry and livestock. It is associated with the production of food, fiber,
feed and other goods by systematic harvesting or growing the plants and rearing the animals.
Agronomy: It is a branch of agriculture that deals with field crop production and soil management.
It involves the scientific study of crop production and its usage for food, feed, fiber and fuel.
Algebra: It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of structure, quantity and relation. It
includes the use of symbols, letters and/or characters to represent numbers and epress
mathematical relationships.
Algology: see Phycology
Anatomy: It is a branch of biology, related to the study of structure and organi!ation of living things.
It involves human anatomy, plant anatomy "phytotomy# and animal anatomy "!ootomy#.
Angiology: It is the science that includes the study of blood and lymph vessels and their disorders.
Anthropology: It involves the study of both past and present human cultures. It is associated with
physical and social characteristics of humanity through the study of historical and present
geographical distribution, acculturation, cultural history and cultural relationships.
Apiculture: It is the science and art of raising and management of honeybees, $pis mellifera. It
involves the cultivation of bees on commercial scale for the production of honey.
Applied Mathematics: It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the mathematical techniques,
which are used in the application of mathematical knowledge to other domains.
Archaeology: It is a subdiscipline of anthropology that involves the study of physical evidence of
past human societies, recovered through ecavation
Astronomy: It is the scientific study of celestial bodies such as stars, comets, planets and galaies
and phenomena that originate outside the %arth&s atmosphere such as the cosmic background
radiation.
Astrophysics: It is a branch of astronomy that is associated with the physics of celestial bodies
"galaies, stars and interstellar medium#.
Atomic Physics: It is a field of physics that is associated with the study of internal structure of
atomic nuclei as an isolated system of electrons. It mainly involves the study of arrangement of
electrons around the nucleus.
B
Bacteriology: It is a branch of microbiology, which involves the scientific study of bacteria in
relation to disease as well as agriculture.
Biochemistry: It deals with the study of chemical substances and vital processes that take place in
living organisms. It primarily focuses on the structure, function and role of biomolecules. It includes
the study of organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms.
Bioengineering: It is an application of systematic, integrative and quantitative engineering
principles to living structures, such as creating chemicals, drugs, tissues and artificial organs.
Biology: It is also known as biological science, which includes the scientific study of life. It involves
the study of structure, origin, growth, evolution, function and distribution of living things.
Biophysics: It is a branch of science that involves an application of methods and principles of
physics to understand the biological systems.
Biotechnology: It is associated with the industrial application of living organisms and/or biological
techniques developed through basic research. 'iotechnology is applied for producing the
pharmaceutical compounds and research materials. It is mainly applied in genetic engineering and
recombinant ()$ technology.
Botany: It is also referred to as plant biology, plant science or phytology. It involves the scientific
study of plant life.
C
Cardiology: It deals with study, diagnosis and treatment of various disorders of heart and major
blood vessels.
Chemical Engineering: It is a branch of engineering that deals with design, construction and
operation of machinery and plants for different products such as dyes, acids, plastics, drugs and
rubber, applying the chemical reactions.
Chemistry: It is a branch of natural science that is associated with the composition of substances
and their properties and reactions. It is the science of matter and its interactions with energy and
itself.
Civil Engineering: *his branch of engineering deals with the planning, designing, construction and
maintenance of structures "roads, bridges, etc# and altering the geography to suit the human needs.
Climatology: It involves the study of climatic data, analysis of climatic changes and investigations
of its phenomena and causes.
Computer Science: It includes a systematic study of computation and computing system. It
involves different theories for understanding the computing systems and methods, algorithms,
design methodology and tools, methods of analysis and verification and methods for testing the
concepts.
Cosmetology: It is the practice of beautifying the face, skin and hair, using different cosmetics.
Cosmology: It is a branch of physical science that is associated with the nature of universe, its
origin and overall structure.
Craniology: *his branch of science is related to the study of physical characteristics of the skulls of
different human races.
Cryogenics: $ scientific study that deals with the production, control, application and uses of very
low temperature.
Cryptography: It is the science of protecting the information by transforming it into an unreadable,
unintelligible, enciphered format with the use of a key and an algorithm.
Cytology: It is a branch of biological science that is associated with the study of structure, origin,
function and pathology of cells.
D
Dactylography: It is the science of using the fingerprints for the purpose of identification.
Dermatology: It is a branch of medicine that deals with the skin disorders such as moles, skin
cancers, contact dermatitis, psoriasis and other skin conditions, related to other diseases. It also
includes the disorders of hair, nails, mouth and eternal genitalia.
Dentistry: *his branch of medicine deals with diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the diseases
associated with teeth, oral cavity and related structures.
Dynamics: It is a branch of mechanics that includes the study of various forces, their action on
bodies and changes in motion they produce.
E
Ecology: It includes the study of interrelationships between living organisms and their environment.
Electronics: It is a branch of technology, which is associated with the development and application
of circuits or systems, using electronic devices such as magnetic amplifiers, transistors, etc.
Endocrinology: It is a branch of medical science that is associated with the study of function and
pathology of endocrine glands.
Engineering: It is an application of scientific, mechanical, physical and mathematical principles to
design process, structures and products that are meant for improving the quality of life.
Entomology: It is a branch of science that includes the study of insects in their relations to forests
and forest products.
Environmental Science: It is the study of interactions among biological, physical and chemical
components of environmental system.
Epidemiology: It includes the study of cause and distribution of diseases in human population.
Ethnology: It involves the study of mental and physical differences of mankind.
Etiology: It is the study of causes or origins of disease/abnormal condition.
Etymology: It includes the study of history of words and their meanings.
Eugenics: It deals with the study of hereditary improvement of human race by controlled selective
breeding.
Evolution: It is the sequence of changes involved in evolutionary development of a species or
taonomic group of organisms.
Exbiology: It is a branch of science that deals with life or possibilities of life present beyond the
earth.
F
Forestry: It is the art and science of managing and using forests and their associated resources to
produce various products such as timber for human benefits.
Floriculture: It is a discipline of horticulture, related with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental
plants for the gardens and floristry, including the floral industry.
Forensic Science: It is a branch of medical science that deals with establishing the evidence for
legal proceeding.

enetics: It is a branch of biology that focuses on the heredity and variation of organisms as well
as the patterns of inheritance of specific traits.
emology: It is the science and art of identifying, grading, evaluating and marketing the
gemstones.
eography: It includes the study of the earth as well as its features phenomena and inhabitants. It
also deals with climate, topography, vegetation and soil.
eology: *his branch of science involves the study of origin, history, evolution and structure of the
earth&s crust. It also involves the eamination of soil and rocks.
eometry: It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the questions of shape, si!e and relative
positions of figures as well as with the properties of space. It is associated with polygons, vertices,
triangles, meshes and associated operations to be done with them in +( applications.
eophysics: It involves the study of physical and geological properties and characteristics of the
earth, minerals and rocks.
erontology: It deals with the scientific study of psychological, biological and sociological
phenomena related to aging and old age.
ynecology: It is a discipline of medicine that is concerned with disorders of women, particularly
reproductive and seual function and diseases of reproductive organs.
!
!eliology: It deals with the study of the ,un.
!ematology It is a branch of medical science that includes the study of function and disease of
blood as well as diagnosis and treatment of disorders of blood, lymph glands and spleen.
!epatology: *his branch of medical science incorporates the study of functions and disorders of
liver as well as biliary tree, gallbladder and pancreas.
!istology: It includes the study of structure and behavior of cells and body tissues, using
microscopic eamination of tissue slices.
!orticulture: It is an agricultural technology that is associated with growing ornamental plants,
flowers, fruits and vegetables.
!ydroponics: It is a branch of science that deals with growing the plants, particularly vegetables, in
water containing essential mineral nutrients, instead of in soil.
!ydrotherapy: It is the science of treating a disease using hot or cold water, internally or eternally
to maintain and restore health. *his treatment involves full body immersion, saunas, steam baths,
colonic irrigation, sit! baths and hot or/and cold compresses.
!ydrology: It deals with distribution, occurrence, properties, chemistry and circulation of water on
the earth. It includes the study of streams, rivers, lakes, etc.
!ydrostatics: It involves the mathematical study of forces and pressures in liquids.
"
"chthyology: It is the study of fish.
"conography: It is a system of using images, symbolic pictures, or figures to represent a theme or
structure.
"mmunology: It deals with the study of diseases and body&s immune system and its functions.
#
#urisprudence: It is a branch of philosophy associated with study and structure of law and legal
system.
$
$exicography: It is the science of compiling, writing and editing the dictionaries. It is done on the
basis of study of meaning, form and behavior of the words in a given language.
$inguistics: It incorporates the study of structure, form, sound, function, variety and development
of specific languages and human speech in general.
M
Mammalogy: It is a branch of !oology that includes the study of mammals.
Mammography: It is a special eamination breast using an --ray. It is one of the most effective
methods for an early detection of breast cancer.
Marine Biology: It is associated with the scientific study of living organisms in the ocean and other
brackish or marine bodies of water.
Mathematics: It is the body of knowledge that focuses on different concepts such as structure,
quantity, change and space. It is also one of the academic disciplines.
Mechanics: It is a branch of physics that is related to the behavior of physical bodies after
subjecting to forces or displacements and the subsequent effects of bodies on their environment.
Mechanical Engineering: It is a branch of engineering that includes the study of design,
construction and operation of machinery.
Medicine: It is the science of maintaining and/or restoring human health through the study,
diagnosis and treatment with non-surgical techniques.
Metallurgy: It is the science of etracting the metals from their ores. It also involves purifying the
metals and casting useful items from them.
Meteorology: *his branch of science involves the study of chemistry, physics and dynamics of
atmosphere and its direct effects on the earth&s surface, oceans and life on the earth.
Microbiology: It is a branch of biology that is concerned with the study of structure and function of
microorganisms, including bacteria, moulds and pathogenic proto!oa.
Mineralogy: It is a scientific discipline that includes the study of chemical composition, physical
properties, internal crystal structure, origin, occurrence and distribution in nature of different
minerals.
Molecular Biology: It is a discipline of biology that includes the study of structure, formation and
function of essential macromolecules such as .)$, ()$ and proteins. It also deals with the
process of replication, transcription and translation of genetic information.
Morphology: It is the science of structure and form of organisms, including animals, plants and
other forms of life, with special emphasis on eternal features.
Mycology: It is a branch of botany that includes the study of fungi and fungal infection. It involves
the study of fungi, their taonomy, their biochemical and genetic properties and their use to humans
as a source for food, medicine and tinder.
Myology: *his science includes the study of structure and function of muscles and muscle tissues.
%
%ephrology: It is a discipline of medical science that focuses on diagnosis and treatment of various
kidney disorders, including fluid and mineral balance.
%eurology: It is related to the structure, functioning and disorders of nervous system including the
brain, spinal cord, as well as related muscles, nerves and blood supplies.
%uclear Physics: It is a branch of physics, which includes the study of atomic nuclei, their
interaction with each other as well as with constituent particles.
%umismatics: *his branch of science deals with the study and collection of coins, paper money,
medals, tokens and similar objects.
%utrition: It is the study of foods and nutrients and their effect on growth, development and health
of an individual.
&
&bstetrics: *his branch of medicine deals with the health and care of a woman and fetus during
pregnancy, parturition and puerperium.
&ceanography: It is the study of chemistry, physics, geology and biology of oceans in the world.
&dontology: It is associated with the scientific study of anatomy, development and diseases of
teeth.
&ncology: It is associated with diagnosis and treatment of cancer and tumors.
&neirology: It is a scientific study of dreams and their contents.
&phthalmology: It is a branch of medical science that includes the study of structure, function and
diseases of the eyes, such as conjunctivitis, cataracts, glaucoma, etc.
&ptics: It is a branch of physics that focuses on the physical properties of light and interaction of
light with matter.
&rganic Chemistry: *his branch of chemistry is associated with the study of carbon-containing
compounds, which includes their structure and reactions.
&rnithology: It is a branch of !oology that includes the study of birds.
&steology: It is a branch of anatomy, which involves the scientific study of structure, functions and
pathology of bones.
P
Paleontology: It is a branch of biology that deals with the study of prehistoric life, based mainly in
fossils of animals and plants.
Pathology: It is a medical discipline that is related to cause and nature of disease. It mainly
involves structural and functional changes in tissues and organs caused by the disease.
Particle Physics: It is a branch of physics that includes the study of particles and their fundamental
reactions.
Pedology: It is a branch of science that deals with the study of soil, including its formation,
composition, structure and classification.
Petrology: *his science incorporates the study of history, origin, structure, occurrence and
chemical classification of rocks.
Pharmacology: It involves the study of drugs/medications and their nature, origin, properties as
well as their effects on living organisms.
Philately: It involves the study and collection of postage stamps.
Philology: It is the science of language and linguistics.
Phonetics: It is the study and classification of sounds of human speech.
Phycology: It is a branch of botany that includes the scientific study of algae. It is also known as
algology.
Physical Chemistry: It is a discipline of chemistry, which includes the application of techniques and
theories from physics to study the microscopic, macroscopic, atomic, subatomic and particulate
phenomena in chemical systems.
Physics: It is a branch of science that is concerned with the study of properties and interactions of
time, space, energy and matter.
Physiology: *his branch of biology deals with the study of physical, biochemical and mechanical
functions and activities of living organisms.
Physiography: It is the study of natural features of earth&s surface and its natural phenomena such
as climate, currents, land formation and distribution of flora and fauna.
Plasma Physics: It is a branch of physics that deals with the study of interaction of plasma with
itself, radiation and particle beams.
Pollution: It involves the study of undesirable changes in biological, chemical and physical
characteristics of water, air, soil or food, which can cause a number of adverse effects on the living
beings.
Pomology: It is a branch of science that includes the study of fruits and cultivation of fruits.
Proto'oology: It is a branch of !oology that deals with the study of proto!oans.
Psychology: It is the scientific study of mental and behavioral processes.
(
(adiology: It is a medical discipline that focuses on using radiation and other radioactive
substances to diagnose and treat various diseases.
S
Seismology: It is a scientific investigation of earthquakes as well as structure of the earth, based
on the study of seismic waves.
Sericulture: It is also referred to as silk farming. It is rearing of silkworms for producing the raw silk.
Serpentology: It is a branch of !oology, which deals with the study of snakes.
Sociology: It is the scientific study of society, human social interaction and social relationships.
Speech )herapy: It includes the evaluation and treatment of speech, language and voice
disorders. It is the rehabilitation treatment for the patients with difficulties in swallowing or
communication.
Statics: It is the study of forces that act on the bodies at rest.
Statistics: It is a branch of applied mathematics, associated with the collection, analysis,
eplanation or interpretation and presentation of data. It can be applied to a variety of academic
disciplines, from social and natural sciences to humanities and to business and government.
)
)axonomy: It is the science of classifying all the living things by arranging them in groups
according to their relationships with each other.
)herapeutics: It is the science of healing or medical treatment of disease.
)hermodynamics: It is a branch of physics which deals with general properties of energy and
matter. It includes the study of amount of work, heat and other energy related to chemical reactions.
*
*irology: It is a discipline of microbiology or pathology, which includes the study of evolution,
structure, classification and pathogenesis of viruses.
+
+oology: It is a branch of biology that is related to the study of animal kingdom, including evolution,
classification, distribution, structure, habits and embryology of animals.