France and Mali

By jamaludin (016201200080)











Introduction
On March 22, 2012, Amadou Toumani Toure of the Mali leader On March 22, 2012,
Amadou Toumani Toure of the Mali leader who was then ousted because of failed responses to
the crisis in Mali, the coup was carried out by rebel groups in Mali (MNLA). MLNA (Movement
National pour la Liberation de Azawad) managed to capture the city of Kidal, Gao and
Timbuktu. who was then ousted because of failed responses to the crisis in Mali, the coup was
carried out by rebel groups in mali (MNLA). MLNA (Movement National pour la Liberation de
l'Azawad) managed to capture the city of Kidal, Gao and Timbuktu.
Movement National pour la Liberation de l'Azawad also declared a new State which was
given the name Azawad with Gao as its capital. Since the acquisition of parts of Mali by MLNA
until nearly 9 months, counted from March until December 2012, kestabilitasan democracy in
Mali got worse.
Mouvement National pour la Liberation de l'Azawad also declared a new State which
was given the name Azawad with Gao as its capital. Since the acquisition of parts of Mali by
MLNA until nearly 9 months, counted from March until December 2012, democracy in Mali got
worse.
The conflict that took place in Mali between the Mali Government and the MLNA is, the
rebels captured the town Konna and started moving from North to South, threatening the
strategic city of Mopti and Sevare airport.
Because rebel groups threaten the strategic city of mopti and sevare, President Diocounda
the President instead of sebelummnya Traore Amadou Toumani Toure of France asking for help
(former ruler of Mali) to assist in resolving the conflict in Mali.
French President Francois Hollande later decided to help mali with intervention through military
operations into Mali. French presidential decision was taken a day after the rebel forces linked
Al-Qaeda, which already controlled the North, moving to capture the region South of the
Government of Mali.
A day after the capture of the town of konna, french lansung began to conduct any military
operations in mali ordered by francois hollande with the aim of holding a military operation to
support the armed forces mali to stop rebel groups which want to control bamako.
A military operation carried out by troops french military and this goes on for six months,
operating since 11 january 2013 and ended on july 11, 2013.The purpose of the operation of
serval france into mali it is divided into three principal purpose. First, is to help Mali's military
forces, namely the FAM in stop the spread the MLNA started moving to the capital Bamako.
Second, with this the French Government sevral Operation hope to restore integrity to Mali
regained its sovereignty in full. And the third, to provide facilities for international support
mission to Mali.
In the French military Operation in Mali, there are a couple of things became interesting
in discussion of this paper, the first system to use French defensive-offensive-deterrent. But in
this case I will only discuss about the offensive pattern which is used by the French Government
in resolving the conflict in Mali.
Offensive operation, disarm systems in nature combined operation, warfare unit, high speed first-
strike; surprise, the attack & ampres. Large resources and outward orientation, this is in
accordance with system used France in Mali.
Research Question
According to my research question How Can France Put their Troops in Mali And what
For? And In Case Crisis in Mali What kind of strategy France use To War Against MLNA In
Mali? also what this war influence to Mali economy and their environment.
Theoritical framework
Mali is a country which is rich in gold mines in the form of materials, phospat, kaolin, bauxite,
iron, uranium and many others. France itself is in dire need of Mali, as uranium producing
countries in West Africa. Two-thirds of France's electricity comes from nuclear power, requires a
significant uranium imports from this country. The presence of French interests against Mali
make France become the most active countries in conflict resolution efforts that happened in
Mali. In addition to the wide range of interests, due to historical reasons as well as being the
main factor that caused the French so total in conflict resolution efforts in Mali.
In combating MLNA France use offensive strategy, Offensive realism is a term that covers
several theories of international politics and foreign policy that gives analytical excellence with
hostile and unforgiving of the international system as a cause of conflict. Defensive realism, such
as some variants of offensive realism, build and operate from the neorealism Waltz.
Offensive realism maintains that anarchy (lack of Governments around the world or universal
sovereign) provides a strong incentive for expansion. All countries are trying to maximize their
relative strength as only the strongest countries can ensure their survival. They pursue
expansionist policies when and where the benefits of doing so outweigh the costs.
Every country minded face a threat that there's always that other countries will use the power to
hurt or beat them. It forces them to improve their relative position of power through arms build-
up, unilateral diplomacy, trade (or even autarkic) foreign economic policy, and opportunistic
expansion.
In the end every country in the international system into regional hegemon trying to -- a country
enjoying military, dominant economic vitality, and potential in its part of the world.Realists
attack but disagree over the prevalence of historical regional system hegemonik and responses
may weaker countries to would-be regional hegemony ( e.g., balancing, buck-passing, or
bandwagoning ).Specifically, there is a difference of opinion between pro- tradition sharp
keseimbangan-kekuasaan john mearsheimer.
Disarm operation in this regard that the French military operation to be intended to disarm and
destroy the enemy forces would indicate that these operations are offensive.
As happened in the town of Gao, exact date on January 13, 2013, the third day of Operation
Serval, French military jet Rafale mobilized to attack the separatists and their training camps and
infrastructure logistics depots around the region of Gao. The purpose of this attack by air is to
weaken the separatist and prevent them to move towards the south.
This is a map of France troops base

On the same date, fighter jets also attacked the French Air Force ammunition storage warehouse
in Afhabo region, 50 kilometers from the town Left. This region is the main base of the rebel
Ansar Dine. In addition, the eastern region Lere also not spared from attack.
Attack by land and air from the French military against the rebels took place on January 21,
2013. Approximately 30 armored vehicles along with jets and helicopter gunships attacked the
town of Diabaly. The purpose of this attack is to target the rebel armored vehicles.
With assisted attack by land, it will be easier to take over the armored vehicles of the rebels.
Subsequent attack the French air force is using the fighter jets on January 27, 2013, French air
force bombed the town Left. Left the city center is one of the separatist militia Ansar Dine.
Which is a key target in the bombing is the abode of Iyad Ag Ghaly, leader of the separatist
group.
This shows that the system used the French government in resolving conflicts in Mali offensive
manner through which we discussed the nature of this.
Combined operation
The combined operation of defense equipment that combines the three dimensions in a military
operation.
From the above cases using a French military jet fighter and Jet FAF Mirage F1CR operates to
attack through the air in Mali, while also using Jet aircraft Rafale, and also attack by land 30
troops and their armored vehicles in particular are numbered, and the helicopter carrier French
Navy Mistral class that is capable of projecting air power and ground in a short time to some
parts of the world and for the mobilization of the military forces of France to Mali, this shows
clearly the combined operation in the French military operation in Mali. From these facts show
that the French use offensive systems in military operations in Mali to solve conflict there.

High speed warfare
High speed warfare is the utilization of the attack quickly and Serval periodic. Dalam Operations
in Mali, the French military use battle strategies quickly. French military forces to attack by land
and air quickly but periodically with the aim of attacking rebel bases and seize the territory of
Mali. Such a statement from a French army colonel, Colonel Burkhand, which states that France
would launch an attack at an accelerating pace through the air and ground attacks.
This clearly shows that the French government offensive in the system using a military operation
in Mali.
First Strike attack and surprise is more to do initial attack initiative and emergent. Since the
beginning of the intervention, the French in their military operations, utilizing strategies sudden
attack through the air at the same ground attack. Even the French surprise attack on the first
wave has killed 100 people Mali rebels.
Large resource
In military operations to Mali, recorded since mid- January to early February 4000 France sends
troops to Mali to contain about 1300 there.
To see from rebel forces of the number of troops sent, which is far more than 2x more MLNA
troop numbers, indicating that military operations or serval is characterized offensive operations.
Moreover, in terms of its large deployment of defense equipment and capable of projecting
military force in three dimensions by land, sea or air is also one of the characteristics of offensive
military operations.
In one attack the French army to rebel Mali, the French air force held 30 aircraft which includes
fighter jets, aircraft fuel suppliers and reconnaissance aircraft in Tessalit region, northern
municipalities Kidan26. In an attack, hold 30 aircraft armed offensive certainly fall into this
category as 30 planes including in large quantities.
Outward orientation
The characteristics of offensive military operations are outward orientation. The purpose of the
orientation is outward perpetuate war outside or away from their own territory. Could be in a
neutral state or territory in enemy territory. In this case, the French came to hold a battle with an
enemy territory. Territory of the French armed forces defense is in Bamako, Bamako which is
the territory or territories that are still under the control of the government of Mali.
French military operations conducted in other cities in Mali such as Gao, Timbuktu and the Left
This is one of the considerations made by the French charge. Bypasses the fighting in enemy
territory, then the long-term effects such as damage to infrastructure caused more harm enemy.
France also considers that the rebels were in Mali at the moment is a threat that needs to be
addressed. This reflects that the French consider that the threat was coming from outside, or in
other words the French threat perceptions are outward orientation. In accordance with the
statement of the French government White Paper on defense, Mali rebels in the name of Islamic
jihad and terrorism is a major threat to national security and defense of France.
Conclusion
The military Operation from France government is using offensive system to combating
separatism movement in Mali. The benefits of operating properties of this offensive is battle
distant from its own territory so to be safe storage logistics. In addition to the indicators The next
is to assume that the threat is outside the territory of taste, not of in, so that the existence of a
rebellion in Mali which is based on terrorism, then this considered a threat to French.
Mali make a good decision in order to ask France government to solve their crisis, but there a
bad things too in this case some government of France used this situation to increasing their
economy, such as building a uranium mine in Mali.













References
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