Arnold Schoenberg (German: [anlt nbk] ( listen); 13 September 1874 13 July 1951) was an Austrian composer and painter,

associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. After his move to the United
States in 1934, he altered the spelling of his surname fromSchnberg to Schoenberg.
. Schoenberg's approach, both in terms of harmony and development, has been one of the most influential of 20th-century musical thought. Many
European and American composers fromat least three generations have consciously extended his thinking, whereas others have passionately
reacted against it. During the rise of the Nazi Party in Austria, Schoenberg's works were labelled as degenerate music.
[citation needed]


3. Richard Georg Strauss (11 J une 1864 8 September 1949) was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras. He
is known for his operas, which include Der Rosenkavalier and Salome; his lieder, especially his Four Last Songs; and his tone poems Death and
Transfiguration, Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks, Also sprach Zarathustra, An Alpine Symphony, and other orchestral works, such as
Metamorphosen. Strauss was also a prominent conductor throughout Germany and Austria.
Strauss, along with Gustav Mahler, represents the late flowering of German Romanticismafter Richard Wagner, in which pioneering subtleties of
orchestration are combined with an advanced harmonic style.
4. Schuman was born into a Jewish family in Manhattan, New York City, son of Samuel and Rachel Schuman. He was named after the 27th U.S.
president, William Howard Taft, though his family preferred to call him Bill. Schuman played the violin and banjo as a child, but his
overwhelming passion was baseball. He attended Temple Shaaray Tefila as a child.
[1]
While still in high school, he formed a dance band, "Billy
Schuman and his Alamo Society Orchestra", that played local weddings and bar mitzvahs in which Schuman played string bass.
5. Folk music and composition
After his disappointment over the Fine Arts Commission competition, Bartk wrote little for two or three years, preferring to concentrate on
collecting and arranging folk music. He collected first in the Carpathian Basin (then the Kingdomof Hungary), where he notated Hungarian,
Slovakian, Romanian, and Bulgarian folk music. He also collected in Moldavia, Wallachia, and (in 1913) Algeria. The outbreak of World War I
forced himto stop the expeditions; and he returned to composing, writing the ballet The Wooden Prince (191416) and the String Quartet No. 2
in (191517), both influenced by Debussy.
Personal life
In 1909 at the age of 28, Bartk married Mrta Ziegler (18931967), aged 16. Their son, Bla III, was born on August 22, 1910. After nearly 15
years together, Bartk divorced Mrta in J une 1923.
Two months later he married Ditta Psztory (19031982), a piano student, ten days after proposing to her. She was aged 19, he 42. Their son,
Pter, was born in 1924.
6 eferences
1. He was to reverse his forenames to Claude-Achille in later life.
2. Claude Debussy pronunciation at Forvo.com
3. Politoske, Daniel T.; Martin Werner (1988). Music, Fourth Edition. Prentice Hall. p. 419. ISBN 0-13-607616-5.
4. "Claude Debussy Biographie : 19031909 Centre de documentation Claude Debussy". Debussy.fr. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
5. Claude Debussy Biography at AllMusic
6. Hartmann, Arthur; Hsu, Samuel; Grolnic, Sidney; Peters, Mark A. (2003). "Claude Debussy as I Knew Him" and Other Writings of
Arthur Hartmann. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 1-58046-104-2.
7. Leon Vallas (March 2007). Claude Debussy: His Life and Works. Lightning Source Inc. pp. 4. ISBN 978-1-4067-5912-9. Retrieved
27 April 2011.
8. David Mason Greene (2007). Greene's biographical encyclopedia of composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. pp. 904. ISBN 978-0-
385-14278-6. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
9. "Centre de documentation Claude Debussy". Debussy.fr. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
10. Harold C. Schonberg, The Great Pianists, p. 343
11. "Concerts where Debussy appeared as a pianist". Djupdal.org. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
12. Edward Lockspeiser, Debussy: His Life and Mind, vol. 1, The Macmillan Company, 1962, pp
2) composer, . Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (sometimes spelled Strawinsky or Stravinskii; Russian: ,
transliterated: Igor Fdorovi Stravinskij; Russian pronunciation: [ir fjodrvt strvinskj]; 17 June [O.S. 5 June] 1882 6
April 1971) was a Russian (and later, a naturalized French and American pianist and conductor. He is widely considered one of the most
important and influential composers of the 20th century.